Araştırma Makalesi
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Kuzey Irak (Erbil) Bölgesinde İthal ve Yerli Kırmızı Etlerde Ağır Metal Miktarının Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 411 - 420, 28.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1517113

Öz

Kırmızı et, dünyadaki en önemli ve en çok talep gören gıdalardan biridir. Bu araştırmada yerel ve dört farklı ülkeden alınan kırmızı et örneklerinde on elementin (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg ve Pb) düzeyi incelendi. Araştırmada değerlendirilen elementler konsantrasyonlarına göre makro, mikro elementler ve iz elementler olmak üzere üç ana gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci grup, Fe, Zn ve Pb gibi Makro veya temel elementlerdir. İkinci grup Hg, As, Cu ve Ni'den oluşan mikro elementlerdir. Üçüncü grup eser elementler ise Mn, Cr ve Cd'dir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre değerler mg Kg-1 olarak sırasıyla, Fe: 0.113-0.118, Pb:0.396-1.460, Zn:1.573-4.689, Hg:0.238-0.456, As:1.687-1.886, Cu:1.177-4.653, Ni:0.012-3.078, Mn:0.000-0.001, Cr:0.000-0.003, Cd:0.000-0.051 arasında bulunmuştur. Elde edilen değerler, genel olarak ağır metal konsantrasyonunun limit değerlerin altında olduğunu ve et örneklerindeki ağır metal miktarının kaynağına göre değişim gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Etik Beyan

Authors have declared no conflict of interest

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by Harran University Scientific Research Projects Unit (HUBAB) within the scope of its project no: 20094.

Proje Numarası

This study was supported by Harran University Scientific Research Projects Unit (HUBAB) within the scope of its project no: 20094.

Kaynakça

  • Abdallah, M.I.M. (2005). Evaluation of some heavy metal residues in whole milk powder used at confectionery plants regarding their public health significance. J. Egypt. Vet. Med. Assoc,65(5) 1-8.
  • Ahmad, W.M.S. (2002). Studies on heavy metal pollution in poultry farms in relation to production performance Ph.D. (Doctoral dissertation) Thesis Fac. of Vet. Med. Zag. University.
  • Al-Hussainy, K.S.J. & Al-Fadhly, N.K.Z. (2019). Comparison between protein and amino acids of mushroom Agarieus bispours with some kinds of meat and meat’s products. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 388, No. 1, p. 012059). IOP Publishing.
  • Al-Husseiny, K.S.J. (2017). Study some physical and chemical properties of some certain types of meats and the effect of freezing on its. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 16 (1), 157-186.
  • AMAP, 2002. AMAP Assessment 2002: Human Health in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway. xiv+137 pp.
  • Amfo-Otua, R., Agyenimb, J.B. & Adzraku, S. (2014). Meat Contamınatıon Through Sıngeıng Wıth Scrap Tyres in Akropong-Akuapem Abattoır, Ghana. Applied Research Journal 2014, 1(1), 12 - 19.
  • Australian Government Federal Register of Legislation, (2015). Australia New Zealand food standards code-standard 2.8. 1-sugars and honey. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette no FSC 96.
  • Badis, B., Rachid, Z. & Esma, B. (2014). Levels of selected heavy metals in fresh meat from cattle, sheep, chicken and camel produced in Algeria. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 1260-1267.
  • Biehl, M.L. & Buck, W.B. (1987). Chemical contaminants: their metabolism and their residues. Journal of Food Protection, 50(12), 1058-1073.
  • Cabrera, M.C., Ramos, A., Saadoun, A. & Brito, G. (2010). Selenium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese content of seven meat cuts from Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture in Uruguay. Meat Science, 84(3), 518-28.doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.007.
  • Cnossen, H.J., Wassens, M.A., Heeres, H.L. & Lucas Luijcks, N.B. (2009). Vulnerabilities in the food chain: a steakholder's guide: how to identify and address vulnerabilities: theoretical background and perspectives. IsBN:978-90-5986-324-8
  • D’Mello, J. P, (2003). Food safety: Contaminants and toxins. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, 191-215.
  • Dean, J.W. & Bowen, D.E. (1994). Management theory and total quality: improving research and practice through theory development. Academy of Management, 19(3), 392-418.
  • EC. (2006). Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 Setting Maximum Levels for Certain Contaminants in Foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. 2006, L364, 5-24.
  • FAO (2008). F.A.O.S.T.A.T., Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on, 15. Rome.
  • Fennema, O., & J. Carpenter. 1984. Water activity in muscle and related tissues. Reciprocal Meat Conference Proceedings. 37:19–23.
  • Fujise, Y. & Geiken-Tsushin, G. M. (2020). Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo.
  • Gökalp, H.Y., Kaya, M., Tülek, Y. & Zorba, Ö. (1995). Et ve Ürünlerinde Kalite Kontrolü ve Laboratuvar Uygulama Kılavuzu. 2. Ed. Atatürk Üniv. Y.No:751. Erzurum.
  • Halliwell, D., Turoczy, N. & Stagnitti, F. (2000). Lead concentrations in Eucalyptus sp. in a small coastal town. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 65(5), 583-590.
  • Ibrahim, S. H. (2002). Using dried broiler litter in rations on growth and fattening local lambs. Master thesis. College of agriculture. University of Salahaddin. Erbil-Iraq.
  • IEC. (2006). The International Electrotechnical Commission.
  • Iwasaki, T., Kishiro, T. & Kato, H. (2002). In Toward the sustainable use of cetacean stock studies, Kato, H., Ohsumi, S., Eds. Seibutsu Kenkyusha Co. Ltd.Tokyo, pp 54-63.
  • Jorhem, L., Sundström, B., Åstrand, C. & Haegglund, G. (1989). The levels of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, and aluminium in the meat, liver and kidney of Swedish pigs and cattle. Zeitschrift fuÈr Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 188(1), 39-44.
  • Khalafalla, F.A., Ali, F.H., Schwagele, F. & Abd-El-Wahab, M.A. (2011). Heavy metal residues in beef carcasses in Beni-Suef abattoir, Egypt. Veterinaria italiana, 47(3), 351-361.
  • Khoshnaw, A.H. (2015). The comparison study of chemical, physical properties and questionnaire between imported and local red meat in the Erbil governorate. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 27(2), 7-28.
  • Lasztity, R., Petró-Turza, M. & Földesi, T. (2009). History of food quality standards. Food Quality and Standards-Volume I, 10, p.62.
  • Liu, Y., Yang, S.F., Li, Y., Xu, H., Qin, L. & Tay, J.H. (2004). The influence of cell and substratum surface hydrophobicities on microbial attachment. Journal of biotechnology, 110(3), 251-256.
  • López-Alonso, M., García-Vaquero, M., Benedito, J.L., Castillo, C. And Miranda, M. (2012). Trace mineral status and toxic metal accumulation in extensive and intensive pigs in NW Spain. Livestock Science, 146(1), 47-53.
  • Lukacova, A., Golian, J., Massanyi, P. & Formicki, G. (2014). Lead contamination in meat in meat and meat product of different origin. Available online: 24 April 2014 at www.potravinarstvo.cum© 2014 Potravinarstvo. All rights reserved. ISSN 1337-0960
  • Majeed, S.D., Hayoğlu, İ. & Ünsal, A.S. (2023). Some properties of fruit juice produced by black raisins by traditional methods in Erbil region and changes during storage. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(3), 424-434. DOI: 10.29050/harranziraat.1323474
  • Mansour, S.A., Belal, M.H., Abou-Arab, A.A. & Gad, M.F. (2009). Monitoring of pesticides and heavy metals in cucumber fruits produced from different farming systems. Chemosphere, 75(5), 601-609.
  • Mcdowell, L.R., (2003). Minerals in animal and human nutrition (No. Ed. 2). Elsevier Science. pp.144.
  • Mertz, W. (1980). Mineral elements: new perspectives. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 77(3),
  • MERTZ, W., 1986. Designing animals and animal products to fit consumer needs. Journal of Animal Science, 62(1), 55-59.
  • Ming-Ho, Y. (2005). Environmental Toxicology: Biological and health effects of pollutants. CRC Press LLC, 2nd Edition, Boca Raton, USAISBN 1-56670-670-2, 2nd.2005, Chap. 12
  • Nkansah, M.A. & Ansah, J.K. (2014). Determination of Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Pb levels in meat from the Kumasi Central Abattoir. International journal of scientific and research publications, 4(8), 1-4.
  • Pandey, G. & Madhuri, S. (2014). Heavy metals causing toxicity in animals and fishes. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 2(2), 17-23.
  • Ray, S. (1994). Adjustable exhauster arm assembly. Metal-Fab Inc, U.S. Patent 5,336,130.
  • Sadler, M.F., Lewis, J.L. & Buick, D.R. (1993). Composition of trim lamb. Food Australia, 45(11), 2-12.
  • Santhi, D.V., Balakrishnan, V., Kalaikannan, A. & Radhakrishnan, K.T. (2008). Presence of heavy metals in pork products in Chennai (India). American Journal of Food Technology, 3(3), 192-199.
  • Schönfeldt, H.C., Naudé, R.T. & Boshoff, E. (2010). Effect of age and cut on the nutritional content of South African beef. Meat science, 86(3), 674-683.
  • Sinclair, A., Mann, N. & O'connell, S. (1999). The nutrient composition of Australian beef and lamb. Melbourne: RMIT.
  • Sivertsen, T., Daae, H.L., Godal, A. & Sand, G. (1995). Ruminant uptake of nickel and other elements from industrial air pollution in the Norwegigan-Russian border area. Environmental Pollution, 90(1), 75-81.
  • Tinggi, U., Reilly, C. & Patterson, C. (1997). Determination of manganese and chromium in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Food Chemistry, 60(1), 123-128.
  • Vikøren, T., Bernhoft, A., Waaler, T. & Handeland, K. (2005). Liver concentrations of copper, cobalt, and selenium in wild Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus). Journal of wildlife diseases, 41(3), 569-579.
  • Williams, P. (2007). Nutritional composition of red meat. Nutrition and Dietetics. 1(64), 113-119.
  • Williamson, C.S., Foster, R.K., Stanner, S.A. & Buttriss, J.L. (2005). Red meat in the diet. Nutrition Bulletin, 30(4), 323-355.

Determination of Heavy Metal Content in Imported and Local Red Meat in Northern Iraq (Erbil) Region

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 411 - 420, 28.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1517113

Öz

Red meat is one of the most important and highly demanded foods worldwide. This research investigates the levels of ten elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in red meat samples from local sources and four countries. The elements evaluated are categorized into three major groups based on their concentration: macro elements (Fe, Zn, Pb), microelements (Hg, As, Cu, Ni), and trace elements (Mn, Cr, Cd). The results, reported in mg Kg-1, showed the following ranges: Fe: 0.113-0.118, Pb: 0.396-1.46, Zn: 1.573-4.689, Hg: 0.238-0.456, As: 1.687-1.886, Cu: 1.177-4.653, Ni: 0.012-3.078, Mn: 0.000-0.001, Cr: 0.000-0.003, Cd: 0.000-0.051. The findings indicate that heavy metal concentrations generally remained below established limits, with variability depending on the meat sample's origin.

Proje Numarası

This study was supported by Harran University Scientific Research Projects Unit (HUBAB) within the scope of its project no: 20094.

Kaynakça

  • Abdallah, M.I.M. (2005). Evaluation of some heavy metal residues in whole milk powder used at confectionery plants regarding their public health significance. J. Egypt. Vet. Med. Assoc,65(5) 1-8.
  • Ahmad, W.M.S. (2002). Studies on heavy metal pollution in poultry farms in relation to production performance Ph.D. (Doctoral dissertation) Thesis Fac. of Vet. Med. Zag. University.
  • Al-Hussainy, K.S.J. & Al-Fadhly, N.K.Z. (2019). Comparison between protein and amino acids of mushroom Agarieus bispours with some kinds of meat and meat’s products. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 388, No. 1, p. 012059). IOP Publishing.
  • Al-Husseiny, K.S.J. (2017). Study some physical and chemical properties of some certain types of meats and the effect of freezing on its. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 16 (1), 157-186.
  • AMAP, 2002. AMAP Assessment 2002: Human Health in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway. xiv+137 pp.
  • Amfo-Otua, R., Agyenimb, J.B. & Adzraku, S. (2014). Meat Contamınatıon Through Sıngeıng Wıth Scrap Tyres in Akropong-Akuapem Abattoır, Ghana. Applied Research Journal 2014, 1(1), 12 - 19.
  • Australian Government Federal Register of Legislation, (2015). Australia New Zealand food standards code-standard 2.8. 1-sugars and honey. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette no FSC 96.
  • Badis, B., Rachid, Z. & Esma, B. (2014). Levels of selected heavy metals in fresh meat from cattle, sheep, chicken and camel produced in Algeria. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 1260-1267.
  • Biehl, M.L. & Buck, W.B. (1987). Chemical contaminants: their metabolism and their residues. Journal of Food Protection, 50(12), 1058-1073.
  • Cabrera, M.C., Ramos, A., Saadoun, A. & Brito, G. (2010). Selenium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese content of seven meat cuts from Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture in Uruguay. Meat Science, 84(3), 518-28.doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.007.
  • Cnossen, H.J., Wassens, M.A., Heeres, H.L. & Lucas Luijcks, N.B. (2009). Vulnerabilities in the food chain: a steakholder's guide: how to identify and address vulnerabilities: theoretical background and perspectives. IsBN:978-90-5986-324-8
  • D’Mello, J. P, (2003). Food safety: Contaminants and toxins. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, 191-215.
  • Dean, J.W. & Bowen, D.E. (1994). Management theory and total quality: improving research and practice through theory development. Academy of Management, 19(3), 392-418.
  • EC. (2006). Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 Setting Maximum Levels for Certain Contaminants in Foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. 2006, L364, 5-24.
  • FAO (2008). F.A.O.S.T.A.T., Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on, 15. Rome.
  • Fennema, O., & J. Carpenter. 1984. Water activity in muscle and related tissues. Reciprocal Meat Conference Proceedings. 37:19–23.
  • Fujise, Y. & Geiken-Tsushin, G. M. (2020). Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo.
  • Gökalp, H.Y., Kaya, M., Tülek, Y. & Zorba, Ö. (1995). Et ve Ürünlerinde Kalite Kontrolü ve Laboratuvar Uygulama Kılavuzu. 2. Ed. Atatürk Üniv. Y.No:751. Erzurum.
  • Halliwell, D., Turoczy, N. & Stagnitti, F. (2000). Lead concentrations in Eucalyptus sp. in a small coastal town. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 65(5), 583-590.
  • Ibrahim, S. H. (2002). Using dried broiler litter in rations on growth and fattening local lambs. Master thesis. College of agriculture. University of Salahaddin. Erbil-Iraq.
  • IEC. (2006). The International Electrotechnical Commission.
  • Iwasaki, T., Kishiro, T. & Kato, H. (2002). In Toward the sustainable use of cetacean stock studies, Kato, H., Ohsumi, S., Eds. Seibutsu Kenkyusha Co. Ltd.Tokyo, pp 54-63.
  • Jorhem, L., Sundström, B., Åstrand, C. & Haegglund, G. (1989). The levels of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, and aluminium in the meat, liver and kidney of Swedish pigs and cattle. Zeitschrift fuÈr Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 188(1), 39-44.
  • Khalafalla, F.A., Ali, F.H., Schwagele, F. & Abd-El-Wahab, M.A. (2011). Heavy metal residues in beef carcasses in Beni-Suef abattoir, Egypt. Veterinaria italiana, 47(3), 351-361.
  • Khoshnaw, A.H. (2015). The comparison study of chemical, physical properties and questionnaire between imported and local red meat in the Erbil governorate. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 27(2), 7-28.
  • Lasztity, R., Petró-Turza, M. & Földesi, T. (2009). History of food quality standards. Food Quality and Standards-Volume I, 10, p.62.
  • Liu, Y., Yang, S.F., Li, Y., Xu, H., Qin, L. & Tay, J.H. (2004). The influence of cell and substratum surface hydrophobicities on microbial attachment. Journal of biotechnology, 110(3), 251-256.
  • López-Alonso, M., García-Vaquero, M., Benedito, J.L., Castillo, C. And Miranda, M. (2012). Trace mineral status and toxic metal accumulation in extensive and intensive pigs in NW Spain. Livestock Science, 146(1), 47-53.
  • Lukacova, A., Golian, J., Massanyi, P. & Formicki, G. (2014). Lead contamination in meat in meat and meat product of different origin. Available online: 24 April 2014 at www.potravinarstvo.cum© 2014 Potravinarstvo. All rights reserved. ISSN 1337-0960
  • Majeed, S.D., Hayoğlu, İ. & Ünsal, A.S. (2023). Some properties of fruit juice produced by black raisins by traditional methods in Erbil region and changes during storage. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(3), 424-434. DOI: 10.29050/harranziraat.1323474
  • Mansour, S.A., Belal, M.H., Abou-Arab, A.A. & Gad, M.F. (2009). Monitoring of pesticides and heavy metals in cucumber fruits produced from different farming systems. Chemosphere, 75(5), 601-609.
  • Mcdowell, L.R., (2003). Minerals in animal and human nutrition (No. Ed. 2). Elsevier Science. pp.144.
  • Mertz, W. (1980). Mineral elements: new perspectives. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 77(3),
  • MERTZ, W., 1986. Designing animals and animal products to fit consumer needs. Journal of Animal Science, 62(1), 55-59.
  • Ming-Ho, Y. (2005). Environmental Toxicology: Biological and health effects of pollutants. CRC Press LLC, 2nd Edition, Boca Raton, USAISBN 1-56670-670-2, 2nd.2005, Chap. 12
  • Nkansah, M.A. & Ansah, J.K. (2014). Determination of Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Pb levels in meat from the Kumasi Central Abattoir. International journal of scientific and research publications, 4(8), 1-4.
  • Pandey, G. & Madhuri, S. (2014). Heavy metals causing toxicity in animals and fishes. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 2(2), 17-23.
  • Ray, S. (1994). Adjustable exhauster arm assembly. Metal-Fab Inc, U.S. Patent 5,336,130.
  • Sadler, M.F., Lewis, J.L. & Buick, D.R. (1993). Composition of trim lamb. Food Australia, 45(11), 2-12.
  • Santhi, D.V., Balakrishnan, V., Kalaikannan, A. & Radhakrishnan, K.T. (2008). Presence of heavy metals in pork products in Chennai (India). American Journal of Food Technology, 3(3), 192-199.
  • Schönfeldt, H.C., Naudé, R.T. & Boshoff, E. (2010). Effect of age and cut on the nutritional content of South African beef. Meat science, 86(3), 674-683.
  • Sinclair, A., Mann, N. & O'connell, S. (1999). The nutrient composition of Australian beef and lamb. Melbourne: RMIT.
  • Sivertsen, T., Daae, H.L., Godal, A. & Sand, G. (1995). Ruminant uptake of nickel and other elements from industrial air pollution in the Norwegigan-Russian border area. Environmental Pollution, 90(1), 75-81.
  • Tinggi, U., Reilly, C. & Patterson, C. (1997). Determination of manganese and chromium in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Food Chemistry, 60(1), 123-128.
  • Vikøren, T., Bernhoft, A., Waaler, T. & Handeland, K. (2005). Liver concentrations of copper, cobalt, and selenium in wild Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus). Journal of wildlife diseases, 41(3), 569-579.
  • Williams, P. (2007). Nutritional composition of red meat. Nutrition and Dietetics. 1(64), 113-119.
  • Williamson, C.S., Foster, R.K., Stanner, S.A. & Buttriss, J.L. (2005). Red meat in the diet. Nutrition Bulletin, 30(4), 323-355.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Et Teknolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ali Ramadhan Ali 0000-0002-2425-3702

İbrahim Hayoğlu 0000-0002-6358-8302

Ahmet Sabri Ünsal 0000-0002-8012-3208

Proje Numarası This study was supported by Harran University Scientific Research Projects Unit (HUBAB) within the scope of its project no: 20094.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ali, A. R., Hayoğlu, İ., & Ünsal, A. S. (2024). Determination of Heavy Metal Content in Imported and Local Red Meat in Northern Iraq (Erbil) Region. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(3), 411-420. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1517113

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