Barajların elektrik üretimi ve sulama gibi alanlarda elde edilecek faydaları ile ülke ekonomilerine katkılarının yanı sıra çevre
düzenlemesi, ulaşım ve taşkın koruma gibi alanlarda da faydaları bulunmaktadır. Ancak oluşabilecek aksaklıklar baraj
yapılarının yükseklikleri ve aktif depolama hacimlerinin büyüklüğüne göre farklı seviyelerde tehlikeler meydana getirmektedir.
Özellikle baraj alanlarına yakın yerleşim bölgeleri için barajlarda oluşabilecek yıkılmanın önceden minimum hata ile tahmin
edilebilmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma baraj yıkılma modellerinde kullanılan debi tahmin yöntemlerinin temel
amaçları, hesap yöntemleri ve uygulama alanları ile elde dilecek sonuçların karşılaştırılmasını içermektedir. Literatürde bulunan
ve bu araştırmada incelenen yöntemler tarihi baraj yıkılma verilerine istatistiksel regresyonlar uygulanarak elde edildiği için
bazı durumlarda yetersiz kalmaktadır; özellikle bu verilerin elde edildiği baraj türlerinin (baraj yüksekliklerinin) tüm barajları
içermemesi sebebiyle önerilen regresyon denklemlerinin yüksek belirsizlikleri olduğu görülmektedir.
[1]. M. Foster, R. Fell, and M. Spannagle, “The statistics
of embankment dam failures and accidents,” Can.
Geotech. J., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1000–1024, 2000.
[2]. Y. Xu and L. M. Zhang, “Breaching Parameters for
Earth and Rockfill Dams,” J. Geotech.
Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 135, no. 12, pp. 1957–
1970, 2009.
[3]. C. Chinnarasri, S. Jirakitlerd, and S. Wongwises,
“Embankment dam breach and its outflow
characteristics,” Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst., vol. 21, no. 4,
pp. 247–264, 2007.
[4]. L. A. LaRocque, J. Imran, and M. H. Chaudhry,
“Experimental and Numerical Investigations of TwoDimensional
Dam-Break Flows,” J. Hydraul. …, no.
June, pp. 569–579, 2012.
[5]. S. S. Chauhan, D. S. Bowles, and L. R. Anderson, “Do
current breach parameter estimation techniques
provide reasonable estimates for use in breach
modeling?,” 2004 Annu. conf assoc state dam Saf.
Off. Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2004.
[6]. M. Al-Riffai and I. Nistor, “Impact and analysis of
geotechnical processes on earthfill dam breaching,”
Nat. Hazards, vol. 55, no. 1, 2010.
[7]. A. Altunkaynak and H. G. Elmazoghi, “Neuro-fuzzy
models for prediction of breach formation time of
embankment dams,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 31, no.
3, 2016.
[8]. D. F. Campos-Aranda, “Estimate of the magnitudes
of ruptures of earth or rockfill dams using a
statistical method,” Tecnol. y Ciencias del Agua, vol.
5, no. 3, 2014.
[9]. C. I. Thornton, M. W. Pierce, and S. R. Abt,
“Enhanced predictions for peak outflow from
breached embankment dams,” J. Hydrol. Eng., vol.
16, no. 1, 2010.
[10]. G. De Lorenzo and F. Macchione, “Formulas for the
peak discharge from breached earthfill dams,” J.
Hydraul. Eng., vol. 140, no. 1, 2014.
[11]. V. Nourani, H. Hakimzadeh, and A. B. Amini,
“Implementation of artificial neural network
technique in the simulation of dam breach
hydrograph,” J. Hydroinformatics, vol. 14, no. 2,
2012.
[12]. F. Hooshyaripor, A. Tahershamsi, and S. Golian,
“Application of copula method and neural networks
for predicting peak outflow from breached
embankments,” J. Hydro-Environment Res., vol. 8,
no. 3, 2014.
[13]. H. Hakimzadeh, V. Nourani, and A. B. Amini,
“Genetic programming simulation of dam breach
hydrograph and peak outflow discharge,” J. Hydrol.
Eng., vol. 19, no. 4, 2014.
Baraj Yıkılma Modellerinde Kullanılan Tahmin Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması; Aydemir A. ve Güven A.
29
[14]. A. M. A. Sattar, “Gene expression models for
prediction of dam breach parameters,” J.
Hydroinformatics, vol. 16, no. 3, 2014.
[15]. G. Tsakiris and M. Spiliotis, “Embankment dam
break: Uncertainty of outflow based on fuzzy
representation of breach formation parameters,” J.
Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 27, no. 5, 2014.
[16]. H. G. Elmazoghi, “Fuzzy algorithm for estimating
average breach widths of embankment dams,” Nat.
Hazards, vol. 68, no. 2, 2013.
[17]. T. L. Wahl, “Uncertainty of Predictions of
Embankment Dam Breach Parameters,” J. Hydraul.
Eng., vol. 130, no. 5, pp. 389–397, May 2004.
[18]. C. Biscarini, S. Di Francesco, and P. Manciola, “CFD
modelling approach for dam break flow studies,”
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 14, pp. 705–718, 2010.
[19] M. W. Pierce, S. R. Abt, and C. I. Thornton,
“Revision of embankment dam breaching
regression relationships,” in Association of Dam
Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2008, 2008.
[20]. J. E. Costa, “Floods from Dam Failures,” 1985.
[21]. S. C. Service, “Simplified Dam-Breach Routing
Procedure,” Tech. Release, no. 66, p. 39p, 1981.
[22]. D. C. Froehlich, “Peak Outflow from Breached
Embankment Dam,” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manag.,
vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 90–97, 1995.
[23]. S. K. Gupta and V. P. Singh, “Discussion of ‘Enhanced
Predictions for Peak Outflow from Breached
Embankment Dams’ by Christopher I. Thornton,
Michael W. Pierce, and Steven R. Abt,” J. Hydrol.
Eng., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 463–466, Mar. 2012.
[1]. M. Foster, R. Fell, and M. Spannagle, “The statistics
of embankment dam failures and accidents,” Can.
Geotech. J., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1000–1024, 2000.
[2]. Y. Xu and L. M. Zhang, “Breaching Parameters for
Earth and Rockfill Dams,” J. Geotech.
Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 135, no. 12, pp. 1957–
1970, 2009.
[3]. C. Chinnarasri, S. Jirakitlerd, and S. Wongwises,
“Embankment dam breach and its outflow
characteristics,” Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst., vol. 21, no. 4,
pp. 247–264, 2007.
[4]. L. A. LaRocque, J. Imran, and M. H. Chaudhry,
“Experimental and Numerical Investigations of TwoDimensional
Dam-Break Flows,” J. Hydraul. …, no.
June, pp. 569–579, 2012.
[5]. S. S. Chauhan, D. S. Bowles, and L. R. Anderson, “Do
current breach parameter estimation techniques
provide reasonable estimates for use in breach
modeling?,” 2004 Annu. conf assoc state dam Saf.
Off. Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2004.
[6]. M. Al-Riffai and I. Nistor, “Impact and analysis of
geotechnical processes on earthfill dam breaching,”
Nat. Hazards, vol. 55, no. 1, 2010.
[7]. A. Altunkaynak and H. G. Elmazoghi, “Neuro-fuzzy
models for prediction of breach formation time of
embankment dams,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 31, no.
3, 2016.
[8]. D. F. Campos-Aranda, “Estimate of the magnitudes
of ruptures of earth or rockfill dams using a
statistical method,” Tecnol. y Ciencias del Agua, vol.
5, no. 3, 2014.
[9]. C. I. Thornton, M. W. Pierce, and S. R. Abt,
“Enhanced predictions for peak outflow from
breached embankment dams,” J. Hydrol. Eng., vol.
16, no. 1, 2010.
[10]. G. De Lorenzo and F. Macchione, “Formulas for the
peak discharge from breached earthfill dams,” J.
Hydraul. Eng., vol. 140, no. 1, 2014.
[11]. V. Nourani, H. Hakimzadeh, and A. B. Amini,
“Implementation of artificial neural network
technique in the simulation of dam breach
hydrograph,” J. Hydroinformatics, vol. 14, no. 2,
2012.
[12]. F. Hooshyaripor, A. Tahershamsi, and S. Golian,
“Application of copula method and neural networks
for predicting peak outflow from breached
embankments,” J. Hydro-Environment Res., vol. 8,
no. 3, 2014.
[13]. H. Hakimzadeh, V. Nourani, and A. B. Amini,
“Genetic programming simulation of dam breach
hydrograph and peak outflow discharge,” J. Hydrol.
Eng., vol. 19, no. 4, 2014.
Baraj Yıkılma Modellerinde Kullanılan Tahmin Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması; Aydemir A. ve Güven A.
29
[14]. A. M. A. Sattar, “Gene expression models for
prediction of dam breach parameters,” J.
Hydroinformatics, vol. 16, no. 3, 2014.
[15]. G. Tsakiris and M. Spiliotis, “Embankment dam
break: Uncertainty of outflow based on fuzzy
representation of breach formation parameters,” J.
Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 27, no. 5, 2014.
[16]. H. G. Elmazoghi, “Fuzzy algorithm for estimating
average breach widths of embankment dams,” Nat.
Hazards, vol. 68, no. 2, 2013.
[17]. T. L. Wahl, “Uncertainty of Predictions of
Embankment Dam Breach Parameters,” J. Hydraul.
Eng., vol. 130, no. 5, pp. 389–397, May 2004.
[18]. C. Biscarini, S. Di Francesco, and P. Manciola, “CFD
modelling approach for dam break flow studies,”
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 14, pp. 705–718, 2010.
[19] M. W. Pierce, S. R. Abt, and C. I. Thornton,
“Revision of embankment dam breaching
regression relationships,” in Association of Dam
Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2008, 2008.
[20]. J. E. Costa, “Floods from Dam Failures,” 1985.
[21]. S. C. Service, “Simplified Dam-Breach Routing
Procedure,” Tech. Release, no. 66, p. 39p, 1981.
[22]. D. C. Froehlich, “Peak Outflow from Breached
Embankment Dam,” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manag.,
vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 90–97, 1995.
[23]. S. K. Gupta and V. P. Singh, “Discussion of ‘Enhanced
Predictions for Peak Outflow from Breached
Embankment Dams’ by Christopher I. Thornton,
Michael W. Pierce, and Steven R. Abt,” J. Hydrol.
Eng., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 463–466, Mar. 2012.
Aydemir, A., & Güven, A. (2017). Baraj Yıkılma Modellerinde Kullanılan Debi Tahmin Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 2(1), 22-29.