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360 Degrees Reflective Teaching Application: The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Performances

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1, 112 - 135, 23.01.2026

Öz

Educational environments where change is inevitable also require the integration of digital technologies into learning and teaching processes. Pre-service teachers should have the qualifications to fulfill the teaching profession by enriching their latent potential with 21st century skills. The design of instruction is very important in ensuring the quality assurance of these competencies. This study aims to explore activities in accordance with the SMART Approach throughout the processes of pre-lesson, during and post-lesson within the framework of instructional design to ensure quality assurance through evaluating the relationship between learning motivations and performances of 360-degree reflective micro-teaching application, carried out on the basis of motivation elements related to the design of Special Teaching Methods-1 course. Accordingly, 30 participants of the Special Teaching Methods-1 course involved to the study. The data was obtained through motivation scale of instructional material and semi-structured interview form. The design of instructional processes was carried out with the basis of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely) Approach and PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle to evaluate qualifications and provide quality assurance. The results will be effective and a road map for the practitioners and researchers which is the most important on adaption of digital resources in to the educational process.

Kaynakça

  • Anthonysamy, L., Koo, A. C., & Hew, S. H. (2020). Self-regulated learning strategies in higher education: Fostering digital literacy for sustainable lifelong learning. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 2393-2414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10201-8
  • Aftoni, A., Susila, I. W., Sutiadiningsih, A., & Hidayatulloh, M. K. Y. (2021). Plan-Do-Review-Share-Happy (Plandoresh) strategy as an effort of developing vocational high school students’ independent learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v11i1.37165
  • Azrai, E. P., Rini, D. S., & Suryanda, A. (2020). Micro-teaching in the Digital Industrial Era 4.0: Necessary or not. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4A), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081804
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Chang, C. Y., Sung, H. Y., Guo, J. L., Chang, B. Y., & Kuo, F. R. (2019). Effects of spherical video-based virtual reality on nursing students’ learning performance in childbirth education training. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(3), 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1661854
  • Chawla, V., & Thukral, P. (2011). Effects of student feedback on teaching competence of student teachers: A microteaching experiment. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(1), 77-87. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cet/issue/25723/271429
  • Çoban, A. (2015). Öğretmen eğitiminde mikro-öğretim ve farkli yaklaşimlar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(53), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.43863
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Deckers, L. (2018). Motivation. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315178615
  • Derdiyok, T. (2019). Üniversitelerde kalite güvence sistemi kapsamında PUKÖ yönetim döngüsü uygulamasında bir model önerisi. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 173-198. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ufuksbedergi/issue/57470/815068
  • Dewey, J. (1991). The school and society and the child and the curriculum. University of Chicago Press.
  • Dinçer, S., & Doğanay, A. (2016). Öğretim Materyali’ne İlişkin Motivasyon Ölçeği (ÖMMÖ) Türkçe uyarlama çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.19056
  • Ernalbant, Ö. (2014). 360 derece performans değerlendirme sistemi hakkında öğretmen ve yönetici görüşleri (Doctoral dissertation). Marmara Universitesi.
  • Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering and mathematics. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America 111(23): 8410–8415. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111
  • Güven, S., Kahveci, Ö., Öztürk, Y., & Akın, Ö. (2016). Türkiye’de mikro öğretim uygulamalariyla ilgili yapilan çalişmalarin içerik analizi. The Journal of International Lingual Social and Educational Sciences, 2(1), 19-34. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jilses/issue/23621/251579
  • Hales, P. & Kalyvaki, M. (2017). Immersive Learning Experiences in Teacher Education. In P. Resta & S. Smith (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1586-1587). Austin, TX, United States: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/177439/
  • Herrera, R. F., Vielma, J. C., & La Rivera, F. M. (2018). Impact of microteaching on engineering students’ communication skills. Int. J. Eng. Educ, 34(6), 1768-1775. Retrieved from https://pure.pucv.cl/en/publications/impact-of-microteaching-on-engineering-students-communication-ski
  • Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. (2011). The Impact of Induction and Mentoring Programs for Beginning Teachers: A Critical Review of the Research. Review of Educational Research, 81, 201-233. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323
  • Jong, M. S. Y. (2022). Flipped classroom: motivational affordances of spherical video-based immersive virtual reality in support of pre-lecture individual learning in pre-service teacher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-022-09334-1
  • Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02905780
  • Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design for learning and performance: The ARCS model approach. Springer.
  • Korthagen, F. A. J. (2010). “The Relationship between Theory and Practice in Teacher Education,” in The International Encyclopedia of Education. Editors P. Peterson, E. Bakker, and B. McGaw (Oxford: Elsevier), 669–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/ b978-0-08-044894-7.00638-2
  • Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
  • Okoye, K., Hussein, H., Arrona-Palacios, A., Quintero, H. N., Ortega, L. O. P., Sanchez, A. L., & Hosseini, S. (2022). Impact of digital technologies upon teaching and learning in higher education in Latin America: an outlook on the reach, barriers, and bottlenecks. Education and Information Technologies, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11214-1
  • Park, S., & Yun, H. (2017b). The influence of motivational regulation strategies on online students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. American Journal of Distance Education, 32(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2018.1412738
  • Pietrzak, M., & Paliszkiewicz, J. (2015). Framework of Strategic Learning: The PDCA Cycle. Management (18544223), 10(2). 149–161. Retrieved from https://web.p.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=2d8ddfaf-c58c-4d4d-98b1-9256ff03f187%40redis
  • Popovich, N. G., & Katz, N. L. (2009). A Microteaching Exercise to Develop Performance based Abilities in Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj730473
  • Roche, L., Kittel, A., Cunningham, I., & Rolland, C. (2021). 360° video integration in teacher education: A SWOT analysis. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.761176
  • Saraçoğlu, G., Gürışık, A., & Furat, D. (2018). İngilizce öğretmen adaylarının mikro öğretim uygulamaları sonrasında yapılan eleştiri ile ilgili görüşleri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 58- 76. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tebd/issue/37876/378642
  • Sato, S., and Kageto, M. (2020). The Use of 360-degree Videos to Facilitate Prelearning and Reflection on Learning Experiences. Ijil 27 (4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijil.2020.10028760
  • Schunk, D. H., Meece, J. L., & Pintrich, P. R. (2014). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
  • Shadiev, R., Yang, L., and Huang, Y. M. (2021). A Review of Research on 360- Degree Video and its Applications to Education. J. Res. Technol. Educ., 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1928572
  • Shek, M. M.-P., Leung, K.-C., & To, P. Y.-L. (2021). Using a video annotation tool to enhance student-teachers’ reflective practices and communication competence in consultation practices through a collaborative learning community. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 4329–4352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021- 10480-9
  • Snelson, C., and Hsu, Y.-C. (2019). Educational 360-degree Videos in Virtual Reality: a Scoping Review of the Emerging Research. TechTrends 64, 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00474-3
  • Teddlie, C., & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of mixed methods research, 1(1), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806292430
  • Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., Agrawal, S., Arroyo, E. N., Behling, S., Chambwe, N., Cintrón, D. L., Cooper, J. D., Dunster, G., Grummer, J. A., Hennessey, K., Hsiao, J., Iranon, N., Jones, L., Jordt, H., Keller, M., Lacey, M. E., Littlefield, C. E. & Freeman, S. (2020). Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(12), 6476–6483. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916903117
  • Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., & Ioannou, A. (2022). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools' digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
  • Yalmanci, S. G., & Aydın, S. (2014). Öğretmen adaylarının mikro öğretim uygulamalarına yönelik görüşleri. Turkish journal of education, 3(4), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.181088
  • Yıldız, S. (2016). Yükseköğretimde 360 derece/çoklu değerlendirme. In A. Balcı & İ. Aydın (Eds.), Prof. Dr. Ziya Bursalıoğlu’na armağan. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi.
  • Zolfaghari, M., Austin, C. K., Kosko, K. W., & Ferdig, R. E. (2020). Creating asynchronous virtual field experiences with 360 Video. The Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.70725/349347jqxqno

360 Degrees Reflective Teaching Application: The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Performances

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1, 112 - 135, 23.01.2026

Öz

Educational environments where change is inevitable also require the integration of digital technologies into learning and teaching processes. Pre-service teachers should have the qualifications to fulfill the teaching profession by enriching their latent potential with 21st century skills. The design of instruction is very important in ensuring the quality assurance of these competencies. This study aims to explore activities in accordance with the SMART Approach throughout the processes of pre-lesson, during and post-lesson within the framework of instructional design to ensure quality assurance through evaluating the relationship between learning motivations and performances of 360-degree reflective micro-teaching application, carried out on the basis of motivation elements related to the design of Special Teaching Methods-1 course. Accordingly, 30 participants of the Special Teaching Methods-1 course involved to the study. The data was obtained through motivation scale of instructional material and semi-structured interview form. The design of instructional processes was carried out with the basis of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely) Approach and PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle to evaluate qualifications and provide quality assurance. The results will be effective and a road map for the practitioners and researchers which is the most important on adaption of digital resources in to the educational process.

Kaynakça

  • Anthonysamy, L., Koo, A. C., & Hew, S. H. (2020). Self-regulated learning strategies in higher education: Fostering digital literacy for sustainable lifelong learning. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 2393-2414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10201-8
  • Aftoni, A., Susila, I. W., Sutiadiningsih, A., & Hidayatulloh, M. K. Y. (2021). Plan-Do-Review-Share-Happy (Plandoresh) strategy as an effort of developing vocational high school students’ independent learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v11i1.37165
  • Azrai, E. P., Rini, D. S., & Suryanda, A. (2020). Micro-teaching in the Digital Industrial Era 4.0: Necessary or not. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4A), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081804
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Chang, C. Y., Sung, H. Y., Guo, J. L., Chang, B. Y., & Kuo, F. R. (2019). Effects of spherical video-based virtual reality on nursing students’ learning performance in childbirth education training. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(3), 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1661854
  • Chawla, V., & Thukral, P. (2011). Effects of student feedback on teaching competence of student teachers: A microteaching experiment. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(1), 77-87. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cet/issue/25723/271429
  • Çoban, A. (2015). Öğretmen eğitiminde mikro-öğretim ve farkli yaklaşimlar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(53), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.43863
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Deckers, L. (2018). Motivation. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315178615
  • Derdiyok, T. (2019). Üniversitelerde kalite güvence sistemi kapsamında PUKÖ yönetim döngüsü uygulamasında bir model önerisi. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 173-198. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ufuksbedergi/issue/57470/815068
  • Dewey, J. (1991). The school and society and the child and the curriculum. University of Chicago Press.
  • Dinçer, S., & Doğanay, A. (2016). Öğretim Materyali’ne İlişkin Motivasyon Ölçeği (ÖMMÖ) Türkçe uyarlama çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.19056
  • Ernalbant, Ö. (2014). 360 derece performans değerlendirme sistemi hakkında öğretmen ve yönetici görüşleri (Doctoral dissertation). Marmara Universitesi.
  • Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering and mathematics. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America 111(23): 8410–8415. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111
  • Güven, S., Kahveci, Ö., Öztürk, Y., & Akın, Ö. (2016). Türkiye’de mikro öğretim uygulamalariyla ilgili yapilan çalişmalarin içerik analizi. The Journal of International Lingual Social and Educational Sciences, 2(1), 19-34. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jilses/issue/23621/251579
  • Hales, P. & Kalyvaki, M. (2017). Immersive Learning Experiences in Teacher Education. In P. Resta & S. Smith (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1586-1587). Austin, TX, United States: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/177439/
  • Herrera, R. F., Vielma, J. C., & La Rivera, F. M. (2018). Impact of microteaching on engineering students’ communication skills. Int. J. Eng. Educ, 34(6), 1768-1775. Retrieved from https://pure.pucv.cl/en/publications/impact-of-microteaching-on-engineering-students-communication-ski
  • Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. (2011). The Impact of Induction and Mentoring Programs for Beginning Teachers: A Critical Review of the Research. Review of Educational Research, 81, 201-233. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323
  • Jong, M. S. Y. (2022). Flipped classroom: motivational affordances of spherical video-based immersive virtual reality in support of pre-lecture individual learning in pre-service teacher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-022-09334-1
  • Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02905780
  • Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design for learning and performance: The ARCS model approach. Springer.
  • Korthagen, F. A. J. (2010). “The Relationship between Theory and Practice in Teacher Education,” in The International Encyclopedia of Education. Editors P. Peterson, E. Bakker, and B. McGaw (Oxford: Elsevier), 669–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/ b978-0-08-044894-7.00638-2
  • Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
  • Okoye, K., Hussein, H., Arrona-Palacios, A., Quintero, H. N., Ortega, L. O. P., Sanchez, A. L., & Hosseini, S. (2022). Impact of digital technologies upon teaching and learning in higher education in Latin America: an outlook on the reach, barriers, and bottlenecks. Education and Information Technologies, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11214-1
  • Park, S., & Yun, H. (2017b). The influence of motivational regulation strategies on online students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. American Journal of Distance Education, 32(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2018.1412738
  • Pietrzak, M., & Paliszkiewicz, J. (2015). Framework of Strategic Learning: The PDCA Cycle. Management (18544223), 10(2). 149–161. Retrieved from https://web.p.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=2d8ddfaf-c58c-4d4d-98b1-9256ff03f187%40redis
  • Popovich, N. G., & Katz, N. L. (2009). A Microteaching Exercise to Develop Performance based Abilities in Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj730473
  • Roche, L., Kittel, A., Cunningham, I., & Rolland, C. (2021). 360° video integration in teacher education: A SWOT analysis. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.761176
  • Saraçoğlu, G., Gürışık, A., & Furat, D. (2018). İngilizce öğretmen adaylarının mikro öğretim uygulamaları sonrasında yapılan eleştiri ile ilgili görüşleri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 58- 76. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tebd/issue/37876/378642
  • Sato, S., and Kageto, M. (2020). The Use of 360-degree Videos to Facilitate Prelearning and Reflection on Learning Experiences. Ijil 27 (4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijil.2020.10028760
  • Schunk, D. H., Meece, J. L., & Pintrich, P. R. (2014). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
  • Shadiev, R., Yang, L., and Huang, Y. M. (2021). A Review of Research on 360- Degree Video and its Applications to Education. J. Res. Technol. Educ., 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1928572
  • Shek, M. M.-P., Leung, K.-C., & To, P. Y.-L. (2021). Using a video annotation tool to enhance student-teachers’ reflective practices and communication competence in consultation practices through a collaborative learning community. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 4329–4352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021- 10480-9
  • Snelson, C., and Hsu, Y.-C. (2019). Educational 360-degree Videos in Virtual Reality: a Scoping Review of the Emerging Research. TechTrends 64, 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00474-3
  • Teddlie, C., & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of mixed methods research, 1(1), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806292430
  • Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., Agrawal, S., Arroyo, E. N., Behling, S., Chambwe, N., Cintrón, D. L., Cooper, J. D., Dunster, G., Grummer, J. A., Hennessey, K., Hsiao, J., Iranon, N., Jones, L., Jordt, H., Keller, M., Lacey, M. E., Littlefield, C. E. & Freeman, S. (2020). Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(12), 6476–6483. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916903117
  • Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., & Ioannou, A. (2022). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools' digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
  • Yalmanci, S. G., & Aydın, S. (2014). Öğretmen adaylarının mikro öğretim uygulamalarına yönelik görüşleri. Turkish journal of education, 3(4), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.181088
  • Yıldız, S. (2016). Yükseköğretimde 360 derece/çoklu değerlendirme. In A. Balcı & İ. Aydın (Eds.), Prof. Dr. Ziya Bursalıoğlu’na armağan. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi.
  • Zolfaghari, M., Austin, C. K., Kosko, K. W., & Ferdig, R. E. (2020). Creating asynchronous virtual field experiences with 360 Video. The Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.70725/349347jqxqno
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Teknolojisi ve Bilgi İşlem, Öğrenme Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nazire Burçin Kaya 0000-0003-0941-9070

Mehmet Emre Sezgin 0000-0002-9495-5101

Hurşit Cem Salar 0000-0003-3986-0342

Emre Çam 0000-0001-9413-0292

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, N. B., Sezgin, M. E., Salar, H. C., Çam, E. (2026). 360 Degrees Reflective Teaching Application: The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Performances. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 112-135. https://doi.org/10.16986/hunefd.1734263