Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklar İçin Erken Sosyal İletişim ve Etkileşim Ölçeği (ESİE) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 1015 - 1036, 31.10.2019

Meral Çilem Ökcün Akçamuş İnayet Funda Acarlar Gamze Alak Bahar Keçeli Kaysılı

Öz

Sözel olmayan sosyal iletişim ve etkileşim becerilerinde yaşanan güçlükler, otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) tanı ölçütlerinden ve ayırt edici özelliklerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, sözel olmayan sosyal iletişim ve etkileşim becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla geliştirilen Erken Sosyal İletişim ve Etkileşim (ESİE) ölçeğinin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 28.0-98.0 aylık 111 OSB olan çocuktan oluşmaktadır. ESİE ölçeği çocuklarla bireysel olarak uygulanmış, video kayıtları alınmış ve etkileşim davranışları video kayıtlar üzerinden kodlanarak analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerliliği kapsam ve yapı geçerliliğiyle; güvenirliği ise iç tutarlılık-Cronbach Alpha ve gözlemciler arası güvenirlikle değerlendirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliliğini incelemek amacıyla yapılan temel bileşenler analizi sonucunda, ESİE ölçeğinin varyansın %72.51’ini açıklayan tek faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçek içerisinde yer alan altı ölçümün faktör yüklerinin .72-.90 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ölçümlerden elde edilen puanların ve toplam puan ortalamasının dil düzeyi karmaşıklaştıkça arttığı, ölçümler arasındaki iç korelasyon katsayılarının anlamlı olduğu ve .47-.82 arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. ESİE ölçeğinin güvenirliğine ilişkin elde edilen Cronbach Alpha değerlerinin ise ölçümler bazında .70-.93 arasında değiştiği toplamda ise .87 olduğu bulunmuştur. Bulgular, OSB olan çocukların sözel olmayan sosyal iletişim becerilerinin ESİE ölçeği ile geçerli ve güvenilir şekilde ölçülebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erken Sosyal İletişim ve Etkileşim Ölçeği, otizm spektrum bozukluğu, sosyal etkileşim, sözel olmayan iletişim, geçerlilik-güvenirlik

Validity and Reliability Study of the Early Social Communication and Interaction Scale (ESCI) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Öz

Difficulties in nonverbal social communication and interaction skills are one of the diagnostic criteria and distinctive features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this study, it was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Early Social Communication and Interaction (ESCI) scale, which was developed to assess nonverbal social communication and social interaction skills. Participants of the study consisted of 111 children with ASD aged 28.0-98.0 months. The ESCI scale was individually administered to the children, and interaction behaviors were analyzed by encoding them via video recordings. The validity of the scale was assessed by content and construct validity; reliability was assessed with internal Consistency-Cronbach Alpha and inter-observer reliability. As a result of the principal components analysis to examine the construct validity, the ESCI scale was found to have a one-factor structure which accounts for 72.51% of the variance. It has been determined that the factor loadings of the six measurements in the scale change between .72 and .90. It was found that the scores obtained from the measurements and the average of the total scores increased as the language level became complicated and the internal correlation coefficients between the measurements were significant and changed between .47 and .82. The Cronbach Alpha values for the reliability of the ESCI scale were found to be .87 in total and found to vary between .70 and .93 for the measurements. Findings show that nonverbal social communication and social interaction skills of children with ASD can be assessed with ESCI scale valid and reliable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Early Social Communication and Interaction Scale, autism spectrum disorder, social interaction, nonverbal communication, validity-reliability

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