Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Elektrik Talebinin Fiyat Esnekliğinin Modellenmesi: Hanehalkı Üzerine Bir Analiz

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyesi ülkelerin farklı ekonomik, coğrafi ve iklimsel koşulları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda elektrik talebinin fiyatlara karşı olan duyarlılığı farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinde hanehalkı elektrik talebinin fiyat esnekliğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda fiyat değişimlerinin hanehalkı elektrik tüketimi üzerindeki etkilerini tespit edebilmek amacıyla 27 AB ülkesi için 2012-2022 arası yıllık veriler kullanılarak elektrik enerjisi talebinin fiyat esnekliği panel veri analizi aracılığıyla tahmin edilmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz sonuçlarına göre uzun dönemde konut içi elektrik talebinin fiyat esnekliği -0.085 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu değer, elektrik talebinin fiyat değişimlerine karşı düşük duyarlılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymakla birlikte elektrik sektörünün yeniden yapılandırılmasına yönelik politikalarda yalnızca fiyat temelli düzenlemelerin etkin sonuçlar doğurmayacağını göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, politika yapıcıların talep tarafının yönetimini daha bütüncül bir çerçevede ele alarak, enerji verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik teşvik mekanizmaları, tüketici davranışlarını dönüştürmeye yönelik bilinçlendirme programları ve özellikle düşük gelirli haneleri destekleyici sosyal politika araçları gibi tamamlayıcı önlemleri de dikkate almalarını gerektirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Talebin Fiyat Esnekliği
• Avrupa Birliği
• Panel Veri Analizi

Modeling the Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand in European Union Countries: An Analysis of Household Behavior

Öz

Given the varying economic, geographical, and climatic conditions across European Union (EU) member states, the responsiveness of electricity demand to price changes differs accordingly. This study seeks to analyze the price elasticity of household electricity demand within EU countries. In this context, to assess the impact of price changes on household electricity consumption, annual data from 27 EU countries spanning 2012 to 2022 were used. The price elasticity of electricity demand was estimated through panel data analysis. According to the results of the econometric analysis, the long-term price elasticity of residential electricity demand was found to be -0.085. This value indicates a low sensitivity of electricity demand to price changes, suggesting that price-based regulations alone may not yield effective outcomes in policies aimed at restructuring the electricity sector. Consequently, policymakers should adopt a more comprehensive approach to demand-side management, incorporating complementary measures such as incentive mechanisms to promote energy efficiency, awareness programs aimed at influencing consumer behavior, and social policy instruments designed to support low-income households.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Price Elasticity of Demand
• European Union
• Panel Data Analysis

Kaynakça

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