Zorbalığa Dair Bilişsel Yargıların, Tepkisel ve Amaca Yönelik Saldırganlığın Aile İçi Şiddet Olgusu Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Ekim 2019 Özel Sayısı, 130 - 142, 30.10.2019

Eda Ermağan Çağlar Tuğba Türk Yasemin Sanal

https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.603537

Öz

Bu çalışmada,
cinsiyet, aile içi şiddete tanık olma, şiddete maruz kalma, maruz kalınan ve
tanık olunan şiddet türü açısından zorbalığa dair bilişsel yargıların
farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesi; zorbalığa dair bilişlerin tepkisel
ve amaçlı saldırganlıkla ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma,
İstanbul ilinde öğrenim gören 11-15 yaş grubu öğrencilerin katılımıyla
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Zorbalığa Dair Bilişler Ölçeği;
Tepkisel ve Amaçlı Saldırganlık Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için pearson korelasyon
analizi; yordama durumunun incelenmesinde lineer regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Fark testlerine yönelik analizlerde ise ilişkisiz grup t testi, Kruskal Wallis
ve Mann Witney U testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu %50.7’si
(152) kadın, %49.3’ü (148) erkek olmak üzere 300 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Grubun
yaş ortalaması 12.49 olup, çalışma grubundaki en büyük katılımcının 15 en küçük
katılımcının ise 11 yaşında olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma grubunun %30’u (90)
şiddete maruz kaldığını, %62.7’si (188) şiddete maruz kalmadığını belirtmiştir.
Analizlerde, zorbalığa dair bilişsel yargıların, tepkisel ve amaca yönelik
saldırganlık sonucunun tahmin edilmesinde anlamlı seviyede (b = -.34, t(298) = 6.30, p < .001) etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Zorbalığa
dair bilişlerin aynı zamanda önemli oranda tepkisel ve amaca yönelik saldırganlık
testinin sonuçlarının varyansını (R² = .12, F(1, 793) = 39.58, p
< .001) açıkladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda
aile içi şiddete tanık olma ve maruz kalmanın zorbalığa dair bilişlerde farklılık
yaratmış olduğu ve zorbalık
davranışını göstermede ve normalleştirmede istatisksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye
sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buna karşılık, şiddetin türünün ve şiddetin kim
tarafından uygulandığının zorbalığa dair bilişlerde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı
etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında
aile içi şiddetin neden olduğu zorbalıkla ilgili bilişsel yargılamalardaki bu
değişikliğin, kişi zorbalık davranışları göstermese bile zorbalık döngüsünün
sürekliliğini destekleyen tutumlara yol açtığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

zorbalık, bilişsel yargılar, tepkisel saldırganlık, amaca yönelik saldırganlık, aile içi şiddet

Investigation of Cognitive Judgments about Bullying, Reactive and Goal-Directed Aggression in terms of Domestic Violence

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine whether cognitive
judgments about bullying differ in terms of gender, witnessing domestic
violence, exposure to violence, and the type of violence experienced and
witnessed, and to investigate the relationship between bullying and reactive
and goal-directed aggression. This study was conducted with the participation
of 11-15-year-old students in Istanbul. As a data collection tool, Cognition
Questionnaire about Bullying, Reactive and Goal-directed Aggression Scale and
Personal Information Form were used. Pearson correlation analysis was used to
analyze the relationships between variables; linear regression analysis was
used to investigate the predictive status. In the analysis for difference
tests, unrelated group t test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Witney U tests were
applied. The study group consisted of 300 people, 50.7% (152) of which are
women and 49.3% (148) of which are men. The mean age of the group was 12.49 and
the oldest participant in the study group was 15 years old and the youngest
participant was 11 years old. 30% (90) of the study group stated that they were
exposed to violence and 62.7% (188) stated that they were not exposed to
violence. Analysis showed that cognitions related bullying was effective in
predicting the result of reactive and proactive aggression (b = -.34, t(298) = 6.30, p < .001). It was concluded that the cognitions
related bullying also explains the variance (R 2 = .12, F(1, 793) = 39.58, p
< .001) of the results of the significant reactive and proactive aggression
test. As a result of this study, it was found that witnessing and being exposed
to domestic violence made a difference in cognitions about bullying and had a
statistically significant effect on showing and normalizing bullying behavior.
On the other hand, it was concluded that the type of violence and by whom the
violence is applied does not have a statistically significant effect on
bullying cognitions. In the light of the information obtained, it was concluded
that this change in cognitive judgments related to bullying caused by domestic
violence leads to attitudes that support the continuity of the bullying cycle
even if the person does not show bullying behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

cognitive judgements, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, domestic violence, bullying, bullying

Kaynakça

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