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Social Space and the Genesis of a Reflexive Sociology: Bourdieu’s Interventions in the Study of Space

Yıl 2019, , 83 - 127, 14.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.531534

Öz

This paper focuses on the
concept of “social space,” a key concept developed by Pierre Bourdieu for
advancing his sociological research program. In investigating the possible
novel venues of sociological inquiry opened up by the intervention provided by
Bourdieu’s use of social space, this paper ventures into the archives of International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research
to understand how Bourdieu’s work was reflected upon within the
field of urban research in the last four decades. New urban sociology and Marxist
urbanism’s understanding and interpretation of space has changed significantly
throughout the years. Yet, Bourdieu had a certain theory effect, and this has
acted upon a steady stream of research, especially since the 2000s. IJURR had gone through what we can call
a series of theoretical ruptures in the three decades. Hence, while
investigating the Bourdieu’s ouevre three
important moments are animated here: first, the inherent rupture of the 1960s
as a reaction to the Chicago School and its quantitative inheritors are
explicated. Second moment requires a critical engagement with the new-born -or,
still-birth- new urban sociology and how Manuel Castells’ theoretical approach created
a new doxa in the academic field. 1970s and 1980s was a crucial point of
transformation for the urbanists. In the third moment, I investigated how
Bourdieu’s analysis was appropriated in the symbolic space of the sociological
and urban sociological field. Bourdieu’s conceptual framework created a
plethora of new approaches, however, their analytical relationship with both
Bourdieu’s sociological program and the hitherto prevalent spatial imagination
is frequently questioned. Here, I suggested an objectification of the
Bourdieu’s theoretical and research work and tried to locate the breaks and
continuities.  

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1977). For Marx. London: N L B.
  • Althusser, L. (1997). Reading capital. London: Verso.
  • Berry, B. J. L., & Wheeler, J. O. (2005). Urban geography in America, 1950-2000: Paradigms and personalities. Routledge.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1969). Intellectual field and creative project. Information (Interna-tional Social Science Council), 8(2), 89–119.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1970). The Berber house or the world reversed. Information (Inter-national Social Science Council), 9(2), 151–170.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. (Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique). Transl. by Richard Nice. (Repr.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Espace social et genèse des “classes”. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 52(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.1984.3327
  • Bourdieu, P. (1985a). The social space and the genesis of groups. Theory and Society, 14(6), 723-744. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174048
  • Bourdieu, P. (1985b). The social space and the genesis of groups. Information (International Social Science Council), 24(2), 195-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901885024002001
  • Bourdieu, P. (1988). Homo academicus. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). L’ordre des choses [Entretien avec deux jeunes gens du nord de la France]. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 90(1), 7–19.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1998). Acts of resistance: Against the new myths of our time. Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2018). Social space and the genesis of appropriated physical space. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 42(1), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12534
  • Bourdieu, P., & Thompson, J. B. (1991). Language and symbolic power: the econo-my of linguistic exchanges. Cambridge: Polity in association with Basil Blackwell.
  • Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. (2001). Neoliberal newspeak: notes on the new planetary vulgate. Radical Philosophy, (105).
  • Brenner, N., Jessop, B., Jones, M., & Macleod, G. (2008). State/Space: A reader. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bridge, G. (2001). Estate agents as interpreters of economic and cultural capi-tal: The gentrification premium in the Sydney housing market. Interna-tional Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 25(1), 87-101.
  • Burgess, E. W. (2015). Şehrin büyümesi: Araştırmaya giriş. içinde Şehir: Kent ortamındaki insan davranışlarının araştırılması üzerine öneriler. Ankara: Heretik.
  • Carpenter, J., & Lees, L. (1995). Gentrification in New York, London and Paris: An international comparison. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 19(2), 286-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1995.tb00505.x
  • Castells, M. (1968). Y a-t-il une sociologie urbaine ? Sociologie du travail, 10(1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.3406/sotra.1968.1380
  • Castells, M. (1976a). Is there an urban sociology? Içinde C.G. Pickvance (der.) Urban Sociology: Critical Essays. London: Tavistock Publications.
  • Castells, M. (1976b). Theory and ideology in urban sociology. Içinde C.G. Pickvance (der.) Urban Sociology: Critical Essays. London: Tavistock.
  • Castells, M. (1977). The urban question : a Marxist approach. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Castells, M. (2006). Changer la Ville: A Rejoinder. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(1), 219-223. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00654.x
  • Castree, N., & Gregory, D. (2006). David Harvey: a critical reader. içinde Antipode book series. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0513/2005013795.html
  • Cresswell, T. (2002). Bourdieu’s geographies: In memorium. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 20(4), 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1068/d2004t
  • Crysler, C. G. (2003). Writing spaces: discourses of architecture, urbanism, and the built environment, 1960-2000. içinde The Architext series. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0701/2002153874-d.html
  • de Decker, P., Kesteloot, C., de Maesschalck, F., & Vranken, J. (2005). Revitaliz-ing the city in an anti-urban context: Extreme right and the rise of urban policies in flanders, Belgium. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 29(1), 152-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00576.x
  • Dear, M. J., & Scott, A. J. (1981). Urbanization and urban planning in capitalist society. London; New York: Methuen.
  • Degen, M. (2003). Fighting for the Global Catwalk: Formalizing Public Life in Castlefield (Manchester) and Diluting Public Life in el Raval (Barcelo-na). International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 27(4), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j..2003.00488.x
  • Ducatel, K., & Blomley, N. (1990). Rethinking retail capital. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 14(2), 207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1990.tb00669.x
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Toplumsal Mekân ve Düşünümsel bir Kent Sosyolojisinin İnşası: Bourdieucülüğün Mekâna Müdahalesini Sorunsallaştırmak

Yıl 2019, , 83 - 127, 14.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.531534

Öz

Bu yazı, Pierre Bourdieu’nün “toplumsal mekân” kavramının yeni kent
sosyolojisinin en önemli yayın mecraı ve kurumsal yapısı olan International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research
üzerinden alanı nasıl tanımladığını, hangi kırılma noktalarına
hitap ettiğini, bu kırılma noktaları aracılığıyla nasıl bir bilimsel kopuş
müdahalesi, benim deyişimle doksaya yönelik bir “huruç,” tertip ettiğini
açıklamayı amaçlar. Bunu yaparken IJURR’un
son kırk yıldaki arşivini gözden geçirerek Bourdieu’nün kavramlarının kullanımını
inceler. Yeni kent sosyolojisi ve Marksist şehirciliğin mekân anlayışı ve
yorumu son kırk yılda önemli değişimler geçirdi. Ancak özellikle 2000’li
yıllardan itibaren Bourdieu’nün kuramsal etkisi bir dizi araştırmayla kendini
göstermeye başladı. Bu etkiyi araştırırken üç farklı durak noktasından geçmemiz
gereklidir. Bu yazıda, öncelikle yeni kent sosyolojisinin ve eleştirel kentsel
kuramların Chicago Okulu’na bir tepki olarak nasıl ortaya çıktığını incelenmiştir.
İkinci durak noktasında, Castells’in kurucu etkisi altında kurulan yeni kent
sosyolojisinin 1970’lerden 1980’lere dönüşümünü ele aldım. Üçüncü durak ise yeni
kent sosyolojisinin geri çekilme noktasında Bourdieu’nün yapıtının öncelikle
Anglofon sosyolojide, sonra da kent sosyolojisinde nasıl temellük edildiğiyle
ilgilidir. Burada, 1980’lerden itibaren IJURR’un
sayfalarında Bourdieucü sosyolojik programın nasıl ele alındığını çalıştım. Bu
önemli durakta, öte yandan Bourdieu’nün metinlerinin toplumsal mekânı nasıl ele
aldığı da incelenmiştir. Son kısımda, Bourdieu’nün yapıtının yeniden inşa
edilmekte olan bir kent sosyolojisi için sunduğu programın eleştirisi ve kazanımları
meta-kuramsal bir çerçeve içinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1977). For Marx. London: N L B.
  • Althusser, L. (1997). Reading capital. London: Verso.
  • Berry, B. J. L., & Wheeler, J. O. (2005). Urban geography in America, 1950-2000: Paradigms and personalities. Routledge.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1969). Intellectual field and creative project. Information (Interna-tional Social Science Council), 8(2), 89–119.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1970). The Berber house or the world reversed. Information (Inter-national Social Science Council), 9(2), 151–170.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. (Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique). Transl. by Richard Nice. (Repr.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Espace social et genèse des “classes”. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 52(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.1984.3327
  • Bourdieu, P. (1985a). The social space and the genesis of groups. Theory and Society, 14(6), 723-744. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174048
  • Bourdieu, P. (1985b). The social space and the genesis of groups. Information (International Social Science Council), 24(2), 195-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901885024002001
  • Bourdieu, P. (1988). Homo academicus. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). L’ordre des choses [Entretien avec deux jeunes gens du nord de la France]. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 90(1), 7–19.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1998). Acts of resistance: Against the new myths of our time. Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2018). Social space and the genesis of appropriated physical space. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 42(1), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12534
  • Bourdieu, P., & Thompson, J. B. (1991). Language and symbolic power: the econo-my of linguistic exchanges. Cambridge: Polity in association with Basil Blackwell.
  • Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. (2001). Neoliberal newspeak: notes on the new planetary vulgate. Radical Philosophy, (105).
  • Brenner, N., Jessop, B., Jones, M., & Macleod, G. (2008). State/Space: A reader. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bridge, G. (2001). Estate agents as interpreters of economic and cultural capi-tal: The gentrification premium in the Sydney housing market. Interna-tional Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 25(1), 87-101.
  • Burgess, E. W. (2015). Şehrin büyümesi: Araştırmaya giriş. içinde Şehir: Kent ortamındaki insan davranışlarının araştırılması üzerine öneriler. Ankara: Heretik.
  • Carpenter, J., & Lees, L. (1995). Gentrification in New York, London and Paris: An international comparison. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 19(2), 286-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1995.tb00505.x
  • Castells, M. (1968). Y a-t-il une sociologie urbaine ? Sociologie du travail, 10(1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.3406/sotra.1968.1380
  • Castells, M. (1976a). Is there an urban sociology? Içinde C.G. Pickvance (der.) Urban Sociology: Critical Essays. London: Tavistock Publications.
  • Castells, M. (1976b). Theory and ideology in urban sociology. Içinde C.G. Pickvance (der.) Urban Sociology: Critical Essays. London: Tavistock.
  • Castells, M. (1977). The urban question : a Marxist approach. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Castells, M. (2006). Changer la Ville: A Rejoinder. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(1), 219-223. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00654.x
  • Castree, N., & Gregory, D. (2006). David Harvey: a critical reader. içinde Antipode book series. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0513/2005013795.html
  • Cresswell, T. (2002). Bourdieu’s geographies: In memorium. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 20(4), 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1068/d2004t
  • Crysler, C. G. (2003). Writing spaces: discourses of architecture, urbanism, and the built environment, 1960-2000. içinde The Architext series. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0701/2002153874-d.html
  • de Decker, P., Kesteloot, C., de Maesschalck, F., & Vranken, J. (2005). Revitaliz-ing the city in an anti-urban context: Extreme right and the rise of urban policies in flanders, Belgium. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 29(1), 152-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00576.x
  • Dear, M. J., & Scott, A. J. (1981). Urbanization and urban planning in capitalist society. London; New York: Methuen.
  • Degen, M. (2003). Fighting for the Global Catwalk: Formalizing Public Life in Castlefield (Manchester) and Diluting Public Life in el Raval (Barcelo-na). International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 27(4), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j..2003.00488.x
  • Ducatel, K., & Blomley, N. (1990). Rethinking retail capital. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 14(2), 207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1990.tb00669.x
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Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sinan Tankut Gülhan 0000-0002-1960-2998

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülhan, S. T. (2019). Toplumsal Mekân ve Düşünümsel bir Kent Sosyolojisinin İnşası: Bourdieucülüğün Mekâna Müdahalesini Sorunsallaştırmak. İDEALKENT, 10(26), 83-127. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.531534