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Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4 22 Ekim 2026
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Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions

Öz

This study aims to examine how preschool children’s thinking skills emerge during Philosophy for Children (P4C) sessions, focusing on the dimensions of critical thinking, creativity, and thinking as a community. The study was conducted with 12 children aged 60–72 months attending a university-affiliated preschool in Turkiye. The data collection process comprised five P4C sessions, each lasting approximately 30–45 minutes. The stories and inquiry plans used in the sessions were structured in accordance with expert opinions regarding developmental appropriateness and content; the children’s utterances produced during the sessions were recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach (Braun & Clarke, 2008, 2019). During the analysis process, Facione’s (2015) conceptualization was utilized for the interpretation and analysis dimensions of critical thinking skills, while the P4C literature was drawn upon for the dimensions of creativity and thinking as a community. The findings indicate that the children’s discourse centered on patterns such as conceptual explanation, establishing cause-and-effect relationships, discussing possibilities, generating alternative ideas, and structuring their thoughts by drawing on their peers’ views. Additionally, it was determined that the children exhibited community-based thinking behaviors, such as participating in group dialogue, listening to different viewpoints, and asking for clarification on points they did not understand. The study reveals that P4C sessions provide a functional pedagogical context for making preschool children’s thinking processes visible; it suggests that practices based on philosophical inquiry in early childhood education may contribute to the examination of analytical, creative, and community-based thinking skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

preschool education, P4C, critical thinking, community-based thinking

Destekleyen Kurum

This article is part of PhD thesis of the author affiliated Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University Graduate School

Kaynakça

  1. Wei, C., & Chen, L. (2025). The effects of Philosophy for Children on children's cognitive development: A three-level meta-analysis. Journal of Intelligence, 13(10), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13100130

Kaynak Göster

APA
İrevül, G., & Macaroğlu Akgül, E. (2026). Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 11(4), 301-313. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.1982426
AMA
1.İrevül G, Macaroğlu Akgül E. Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions. IJERE. 2026;11(4):301-313. doi:10.24331/ijere.1982426
Chicago
İrevül, Gülden, ve Esra Macaroğlu Akgül. 2026. “Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions”. International Journal of Educational Research Review 11 (4): 301-13. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.1982426.
EndNote
İrevül G, Macaroğlu Akgül E (01 Ekim 2026) Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions. International Journal of Educational Research Review 11 4 301–313.
IEEE
[1]G. İrevül ve E. Macaroğlu Akgül, “Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions”, IJERE, c. 11, sy 4, ss. 301–313, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.24331/ijere.1982426.
ISNAD
İrevül, Gülden - Macaroğlu Akgül, Esra. “Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions”. International Journal of Educational Research Review 11/4 (01 Ekim 2026): 301-313. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.1982426.
JAMA
1.İrevül G, Macaroğlu Akgül E. Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions. IJERE. 2026;11:301–313.
MLA
İrevül, Gülden, ve Esra Macaroğlu Akgül. “Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions”. International Journal of Educational Research Review, c. 11, sy 4, Ekim 2026, ss. 301-13, doi:10.24331/ijere.1982426.
Vancouver
1.Gülden İrevül, Esra Macaroğlu Akgül. Little Philosophers at Work: A Thematic Analysis of Preschool Children’s Critical, Creative, and Community Thinking in P4C Sessions. IJERE. 01 Ekim 2026;11(4):301-13. doi:10.24331/ijere.1982426