ENERJİ SÜBVANSİYONLARININ ETKİLERİ VE TÜRKİYE AÇISINDAN AMPİRİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2021, , 383 - 416, 31.12.2021

Hakan Akar , Filiz Giray , Mehmet Çınar

https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.971913

Öz

Enerjinin kullanım alanları ve işlevlerine binaen hükümetler tarafından desteklenmeleri söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu desteklerin başında sübvansiyonlar gelmektedir. Günümüzde birçok ülke her yıl gayrisafi yurtiçi hasılaları(GSYİH)’ nın önemli bir kısmını enerji sübvansiyonlarına ayırmaktadırlar. Çeşitli enerji kaynakları olmakla birlikte enerji elde etmek için dünyada en çok başvurulan fosil yakıtlardır. Ancak fosil yakıtların neden olduğu olumsuz etkiler bu alandaki sübvansiyoların da sorgulanmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, enerji sübvansiyonlarının çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal etkilerini Türkiye uygulaması ile incelemektir. Böylece Türkiye açısından elde edilen bulguların ışığı altında izlenecek enerji sübvansiyonu politikası konusunda önerilerde bulunulabilinecektir. Bu çerçevede Türkiye için 1990-2018 dönemi verileri kullanılarak ARDL eştümleşme analizi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi ile enerji sübvansiyonları ve çevresel etkiler arasında kısa vadede tek yönlü ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuca göre enerji sübvansiyonlarının aşamalı olarak tamamen kaldırılması, küresel CO2 emisyonlarını %5,8 azaltabilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Eştümleşme analiz sonuçlarına göre, enerji sübvansiyonlarının uzun dönemli ekonomik etkilerine rastlanmamıştır. Sosyal etkiler açısından da eştümleşme analizine göre enerji sübvansiyonlarının işsizlikle olan ilişkisi uzun dönemde anlamsız bulunmuştur. Bu bulgulara dayalı olarak Türkiye’de de enerji sübvansiyon politikalarından değişim yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji Sübvansiyonları, Sübvansiyonlar, Fosil Yakıtlar, ARDL Eştümleşme Analizi, Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi

EFFECTS OF ENERGY SUBSIDIES AND AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF TURKEY IN TERMS

Öz

Energy uses and functions are supported by governments. At the beginning of these supports are subsidies. Currently, many countries allocate a significant portion of their gross domestic product (GDP) to energy subsidies every year. Although there are various energy sources, they are the most commonly used fossil fuels in the world to obtain energy. But the negative effects caused by fossil fuels have also raised questions about subsidies in this area. The aim of this study is to examine the environmental, economic and social effects of energy subsidies with the application of Turkey. In this way, suggestions can be made on the energy subsidy policy to be followed in the light of the findings obtained from Turkey's point of view. In this context, ARDL co-ordination analysis and Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis were applied for Turkey using 1990-2018 period data. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that there is a one-way relationship between the Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis and energy subsidies and environmental effects in the short term. According to these results, the gradual abolition of energy subsidies altogether has the potential to reduce the global CO2 emissions by 5.8%. Also, the results of the co-ordination analysis, the long-term economic effects of energy subsidies were not observed. In term of social effects, according to the co-integration analysis, the relationship of energy subsidies with unemployment has been found to be meaningless for a long time. Based on these findings, it can be said that energy subsidy policies should be changed in Turkey as well.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toda-Yamamota Nedensellik Analizi, Energy Subsidies, Subsidies, Fossil Fuels ARDL Cointegration Analysis

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