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Sağlık ve Kültür İlişkisi Bağlamında Popüler Sağlık Dergilerinde Sağlığın Sunumu

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 54, 96 - 114, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.903290

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü sağlık kavramını fiziksel, sosyal ve ruhsal olmak üzere üç boyutta tanımlamaktadır. Buna göre sağlık ve sağlıklı olma hali, bu üç unsurun bir arada bulunmasına işaret eden tam bir iyilik hali olarak açıklanmaktadır. Disiplinlerarası bir konu olan sağlığın tanımı, kültüre ve topluma göre şekillenebilmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, popüler kültür ürünlerinden biri olan kadın dergilerinde sağlığın nasıl ele alındığını incelemektedir. Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde yayınlanmış olan Women’s Health dergisinin 2009-2019 yılları arasındaki tüm sayılarının kapakları oluşturmaktadır. Dergi kapakları içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda her iki ülkede de yayınlanan dergilerde sağlığın daha çok fiziksel sağlık ve bedenin görünümü kapsamında ele alındığı, en az içeriğin sosyal sağlık ile ilgili olduğu, her iki ülkede fiziksel sağlık alt kategorisinde en çok “spor/egzersiz” içeriklerine yer verildiği saptanmıştır. Türkiye’de yayınlanan dergilerin kapaklarında Amerikalı ve Türklerin eşit sayıda yer aldığı, ancak Amerika’da yayınlanan sayılarda herhangi bir Türk kapak kızına yer verilmediği görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda popüler kültür ürünlerinin, kültürlerarası farklılıkları silikleştirdiğini söylemek mümkündür

Kaynakça

  • Adler, N., & Ostrove, J. (1999). Socioeconomic Status and Health: What We Know and What We Don’t. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896(1), 3-15.
  • Akın, G. (2014). İnsan Sağlığı ve Çevre Etkileşimi. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(1), 105-116.
  • Alvarez, G., & Ayas, N. (2004). The impact of daily sleep duration on health: a review of the literature. Progress in cardiovascular nursing, 19(2), 56-59.
  • Aubrey, J. (2010). Looking Good Versus Feeling Good: An Investigation of Media Frames of Health Advice and Their Effects on Women’s Body-related Self-perceptions. Sex Roles, 63, 50-63.
  • Beck, U. (2002). The Terrorist Threat World Risk Society Revisited. Theory, Culture & Society, 19(4), 39-55.
  • Bolsoy, N., & Sevil, Ü. (2006). Sağlık-Hastalık ve Kültür Etkileşimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 9(3), 78-87.
  • Bulut, S. (2013). Sağlıkta sosyal bir belirleyici; fiziksel aktivite. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 70(4), 205-214.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Cirhinlioğlu, Z. (2012). Sağlık Sosyolojisi. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Collier, R. (2018). Containing health myths in the age of viral misinformation. CMAJ, 190(19), E578.
  • Conlin, L., & Bissell, K. (2014). Beauty ideals in the checkout aisle: Health-related messages in women’s fashion and fitness magazines. Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, 15(2).
  • Das, S. (2003). Harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 253, 159-165.
  • Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., & Satorius, N. (2015). Toward a new definition of mental health. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 231-233.
  • Giddens, A., & Sutton, P. (2018). Sosyolojide Temel Kavramlar. Ankara: Phoenix.
  • Helman, C. (2007). Culture, Health and Illness. CRC Press.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. California: Sage.
  • James, W., Nelson, M., Ralph, A., & Leather, S. (1997). Socioeconomic determinants of health: the contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. Bmj, 314(7093), 1545.
  • Jia, H., & Lubetkin, E. (2005). The impact of obesity on health-related quality-of-life in the general adult US population. Journal of Public Health, 27(2), 156–164.
  • Kaplan, M. (2011). Halk Tıbbının Kökenleri: Teşhisten Tedaviye Din ve Büyü İlişkisi. Milli Folklor (91), 150-156.
  • Keyes, C. (1998). Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140.
  • Koipysheva, E., Lebedinsky, V., & Koipysheva, M. (2018). Physical Health (Definition, Semantic Content, Study Prospects). International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Science (s. 601-605). Future Academy.
  • Kopelman, L. (2002). If HIV/AIDS is Punishment, Who is Bad? The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 27(2), 231-243.
  • Korn, L., Gonen, E., Shaked, Y., & Golan, M. (2013). Health Perceptions, Self and Body Image, Physical Activity and Nutrition among Undergraduate Students in Israel. PloS one, 8(3), e58543.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
  • Landrine, H., & Klonoff, E. (1994). Cultural Diversity in Causal Attributions for Illness: The Role of the Supernatural. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(2), 181-193.
  • Lesser, L., Mazza, M., & Lucan, S. (2015). Nutrition myths and healthy dietary advice in clinical practice. American Family Physician, 91(9), 634-638.
  • Luyster, F., Strollo, P., Zee, P., & Walsh, J. (2012). Sleep: A Health Imperative. Sleep, 6(1), 727-734.
  • MacLachlan, M. (2004). Embodiment: Clinical, critical and cultural perspectives on health and illness. England: Open University Press.
  • MacLachlan, M. (2006). Culture and Health: A Critical Perspective Towards Global Health. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Malkin, A., Wornian, K., & Chrisler, J. (1999). Women and Weight: Gendered Messages on Magazine Covers. Sex Roles, 40(7/8), 647-655.
  • Miles, L. (2007). Physical activity and health. Nutrition bulletin, 32(4), 314-363.
  • Neuman, W. (2014). Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
  • Okay, A. (2014). Sağlık İletişimi. İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
  • Öncel, S. (1997). Kültürel Yapı ile Sağlık-Hastalık İlişkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 13(1-3), 177-184.
  • Özen, S. (1993). Sosyolojide Bir Alan: Sağlık Sosyolojisi ve Sağlık-Toplumsal Yapı İlişkileri. Sosyoloji Dergisi(4), 73-88.
  • Ravindran, N., & Myers, B. (2012). Cultural Influences on Perceptions of Health, Illness, and Disability: A Review and Focus on Autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 311–319.
  • Skalski, P., Neuendorf, K., & Cajigas, J. (2017). Content Analysis in the Interactive Media Age. K. Neuendorf içinde, The Content Analysis Guidebook (s. 201-242). Sage.
  • Solak, Ö., Ulaşlı, A., Çevik, H., Dikici, A., Devrimsel, G., Erkol İnal, E., . . . Dündar, Ü. (2015). Romatizmal Hastalıklarda Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp Yöntemlerine Başvuru. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 16, 116-121.
  • Strauss, J., & Thomas, D. (1998). Health, Nutrition, and Economic Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(2), 766-817.
  • Sturm, R. (2002). The Effects Of Obesity, Smoking, And Drinking On Medical Problems And Costs. Health affairs, 21(2), 245-253.
  • Swiatkowski, P. (2016). Magazine influence on body dissatisfaction: Fashion vs. health? Cogent Social Sciences, 2, 1250702.
  • Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, A. (2001). İçerik Analizi Ve Uygulama Örnekleri. İstanbul: Epsilon.
  • Thoits, P. (2010). Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(S), S41-S53.
  • Tognetti, M. (2014). Social Health. A. C. Michalos içinde, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (s. 6069-6070). Springer.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). Weight-loss and Nutrition Myths How much do you really know? https://www.umassmed.edu/contentassets/5fa88184f3a441e7b61ac8e256ea5ef7/myths.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Ulutürk, S. (2015). Sağlık Ekonomisi, Sağlık Statüsü, Sağlığın Ölçülmesinde Kullanılan Ölçütler ve Önemi: Türkiye Örneği. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52(603), 47-63.
  • Vaillant, G. (2012). Positive mental health: is there a cross-cultural definition? World Psychiatry, 11(2), 93-99.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 449–469.
  • Vingilis, E., Wade, T., & Adlaf, E. (1998). What Factors Predict Student Self-Rated Physical Health? Journal of Adolescence, 21(1), 83-97.
  • Warburton, D., Nicol, C., & Bredin, S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ, 174(6), 801-809.
  • WHO. (2020a). What is the WHO definition of health? https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions adresinden alındı
  • WHO. (2020b). Mental health: strengthening our response. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response adresinden alındı

Presentation of Health in Popular Health Magazines in the Context of the Relationship Between Health and Culture

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 54, 96 - 114, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.903290

Öz

The World Health Organization defines the concept of health in three dimensions as physical, mental, and social. Accordingly, the state of well-being occurs once these three dimensions are existed. The definition of health, which is an interdisciplinary subject, can be shaped according to culture and society. From this point of view, the purpose of this study is to examine how health is represented in women's magazines which is a product of popular culture. The sample of this study is the Women's Health magazine covers which is published between 2009-2019 in Turkey and United States of America. Magazine covers were examined with content analysis. As a result of this examination, it was determined that health is mostly discussed within the scope of physical health and appearance. Social health related topics are not covered as the other health dimension. The content of "sports/exercise" is mostly included in the physical health subcategory in both countries. In Turkish issues, the nationality of cover girls have an equal number of Americans and Turks. In contrary, no Turkish cover girls are seen in the issues published in United States. In this context, it is possible to say that popular culture products obscure the intercultural differences.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, N., & Ostrove, J. (1999). Socioeconomic Status and Health: What We Know and What We Don’t. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896(1), 3-15.
  • Akın, G. (2014). İnsan Sağlığı ve Çevre Etkileşimi. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(1), 105-116.
  • Alvarez, G., & Ayas, N. (2004). The impact of daily sleep duration on health: a review of the literature. Progress in cardiovascular nursing, 19(2), 56-59.
  • Aubrey, J. (2010). Looking Good Versus Feeling Good: An Investigation of Media Frames of Health Advice and Their Effects on Women’s Body-related Self-perceptions. Sex Roles, 63, 50-63.
  • Beck, U. (2002). The Terrorist Threat World Risk Society Revisited. Theory, Culture & Society, 19(4), 39-55.
  • Bolsoy, N., & Sevil, Ü. (2006). Sağlık-Hastalık ve Kültür Etkileşimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 9(3), 78-87.
  • Bulut, S. (2013). Sağlıkta sosyal bir belirleyici; fiziksel aktivite. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 70(4), 205-214.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Cirhinlioğlu, Z. (2012). Sağlık Sosyolojisi. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Collier, R. (2018). Containing health myths in the age of viral misinformation. CMAJ, 190(19), E578.
  • Conlin, L., & Bissell, K. (2014). Beauty ideals in the checkout aisle: Health-related messages in women’s fashion and fitness magazines. Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, 15(2).
  • Das, S. (2003). Harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 253, 159-165.
  • Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., & Satorius, N. (2015). Toward a new definition of mental health. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 231-233.
  • Giddens, A., & Sutton, P. (2018). Sosyolojide Temel Kavramlar. Ankara: Phoenix.
  • Helman, C. (2007). Culture, Health and Illness. CRC Press.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. California: Sage.
  • James, W., Nelson, M., Ralph, A., & Leather, S. (1997). Socioeconomic determinants of health: the contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. Bmj, 314(7093), 1545.
  • Jia, H., & Lubetkin, E. (2005). The impact of obesity on health-related quality-of-life in the general adult US population. Journal of Public Health, 27(2), 156–164.
  • Kaplan, M. (2011). Halk Tıbbının Kökenleri: Teşhisten Tedaviye Din ve Büyü İlişkisi. Milli Folklor (91), 150-156.
  • Keyes, C. (1998). Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140.
  • Koipysheva, E., Lebedinsky, V., & Koipysheva, M. (2018). Physical Health (Definition, Semantic Content, Study Prospects). International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Science (s. 601-605). Future Academy.
  • Kopelman, L. (2002). If HIV/AIDS is Punishment, Who is Bad? The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 27(2), 231-243.
  • Korn, L., Gonen, E., Shaked, Y., & Golan, M. (2013). Health Perceptions, Self and Body Image, Physical Activity and Nutrition among Undergraduate Students in Israel. PloS one, 8(3), e58543.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
  • Landrine, H., & Klonoff, E. (1994). Cultural Diversity in Causal Attributions for Illness: The Role of the Supernatural. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(2), 181-193.
  • Lesser, L., Mazza, M., & Lucan, S. (2015). Nutrition myths and healthy dietary advice in clinical practice. American Family Physician, 91(9), 634-638.
  • Luyster, F., Strollo, P., Zee, P., & Walsh, J. (2012). Sleep: A Health Imperative. Sleep, 6(1), 727-734.
  • MacLachlan, M. (2004). Embodiment: Clinical, critical and cultural perspectives on health and illness. England: Open University Press.
  • MacLachlan, M. (2006). Culture and Health: A Critical Perspective Towards Global Health. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Malkin, A., Wornian, K., & Chrisler, J. (1999). Women and Weight: Gendered Messages on Magazine Covers. Sex Roles, 40(7/8), 647-655.
  • Miles, L. (2007). Physical activity and health. Nutrition bulletin, 32(4), 314-363.
  • Neuman, W. (2014). Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
  • Okay, A. (2014). Sağlık İletişimi. İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
  • Öncel, S. (1997). Kültürel Yapı ile Sağlık-Hastalık İlişkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 13(1-3), 177-184.
  • Özen, S. (1993). Sosyolojide Bir Alan: Sağlık Sosyolojisi ve Sağlık-Toplumsal Yapı İlişkileri. Sosyoloji Dergisi(4), 73-88.
  • Ravindran, N., & Myers, B. (2012). Cultural Influences on Perceptions of Health, Illness, and Disability: A Review and Focus on Autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 311–319.
  • Skalski, P., Neuendorf, K., & Cajigas, J. (2017). Content Analysis in the Interactive Media Age. K. Neuendorf içinde, The Content Analysis Guidebook (s. 201-242). Sage.
  • Solak, Ö., Ulaşlı, A., Çevik, H., Dikici, A., Devrimsel, G., Erkol İnal, E., . . . Dündar, Ü. (2015). Romatizmal Hastalıklarda Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp Yöntemlerine Başvuru. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 16, 116-121.
  • Strauss, J., & Thomas, D. (1998). Health, Nutrition, and Economic Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(2), 766-817.
  • Sturm, R. (2002). The Effects Of Obesity, Smoking, And Drinking On Medical Problems And Costs. Health affairs, 21(2), 245-253.
  • Swiatkowski, P. (2016). Magazine influence on body dissatisfaction: Fashion vs. health? Cogent Social Sciences, 2, 1250702.
  • Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, A. (2001). İçerik Analizi Ve Uygulama Örnekleri. İstanbul: Epsilon.
  • Thoits, P. (2010). Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(S), S41-S53.
  • Tognetti, M. (2014). Social Health. A. C. Michalos içinde, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (s. 6069-6070). Springer.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). Weight-loss and Nutrition Myths How much do you really know? https://www.umassmed.edu/contentassets/5fa88184f3a441e7b61ac8e256ea5ef7/myths.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Ulutürk, S. (2015). Sağlık Ekonomisi, Sağlık Statüsü, Sağlığın Ölçülmesinde Kullanılan Ölçütler ve Önemi: Türkiye Örneği. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52(603), 47-63.
  • Vaillant, G. (2012). Positive mental health: is there a cross-cultural definition? World Psychiatry, 11(2), 93-99.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 449–469.
  • Vingilis, E., Wade, T., & Adlaf, E. (1998). What Factors Predict Student Self-Rated Physical Health? Journal of Adolescence, 21(1), 83-97.
  • Warburton, D., Nicol, C., & Bredin, S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ, 174(6), 801-809.
  • WHO. (2020a). What is the WHO definition of health? https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions adresinden alındı
  • WHO. (2020b). Mental health: strengthening our response. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response adresinden alındı
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Eda Turancı 0000-0002-2539-8452

Elif Eşiyok 0000-0001-9486-7067

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 54

Kaynak Göster

APA Turancı, E., & Eşiyok, E. (2021). Sağlık ve Kültür İlişkisi Bağlamında Popüler Sağlık Dergilerinde Sağlığın Sunumu. İletişim Kuram Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 2021(54), 96-114. https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.903290