Investigation of the Change in Physical Activity Levels of University Students Due to COVID-19 Pandemic

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Physical Activity

COVID-19 Pandemisi Nedeniyle Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerindeki Değişimin İncelenmesi

Öz

Özet

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinin nasıl etkilendiğini incelemek, salgın öncesi fiziksel aktivite davranışları ve gelecek planları hakkında bilgi edinmek amaçlarıyla bu çalışma planlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Üniversite öğrencilerine on-line sorgulama formu aracılığı ile COVID-19 pandemisi öncesinde ve süresince düzenli olarak veya seyrek olarak fiziksel aktivite yapıp yapmadıkları, yaptıkları fiziksel aktivitelerin türleri ve normalleşme sürecine girdikten sonra düzenli fiziksel aktiviteye başlama istekleri sorgulandı. Araştırmaya 446 üniversite öğrencisi on-line sorgulama formunu doldurarak katıldı. Otuz dokuz öğrenci var olan sağlık problemleri nedeniyle çalışmadan çıkarıldı. Araştırmanın sonuçları yüzdelerle ifade edildi.

Bulgular: COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle öğrencilerin düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapma oranının azaldığı (p<.001), genel fiziksel inaktivite oranının arttığı (p=.001) ve fiziksel aktivite yapmaya devam eden bireylerin fiziksel aktivite türü seçiminde ev içinde yapılabilecek egzersizlere yönelimlerinin olduğu görüldü. Bununla birlikte, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde inaktivite sergileyen öğrencilerin, gelecekte düzenli fiziksel aktivite davranışı geliştirme isteklerinin yüksek oranda olduğu (%76.08) gözlendi.

Sonuç: Bu araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinin COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde fiziksel inaktivite oranlarının endişe verici derecede arttığını, düzenli fiziksel aktivite davranışını sürdürmeye kararlı olan öğrencilerin aktivite biçimlerini değiştirerek sürece uyum sağladıklarını gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, fiziksel aktivite, öğrenci, sağlık.

Abstract

Objective: This study was planned to examine how university students’ physical activity levels were affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to learn about their pre-epidemic physical activity behaviors and their future plans.

Material and Methods: Through an on-line questionnaire, university students were asked whether they performed physical activity regularly or rarely before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the types of physical activities they performed and their desire to start regular physical activity after entering the normalization process. Four hundred fortysix university students participated in the study by filling out the on-line questionnaire. Thirty-nine students were excluded from the study due to existing health problems. The results of the study were expressed in percentages.

Findings: It was observed that the rate of regular physical activity decreased (p<.001), the rate of general physical inactivity increased (p=.001) and there was a tendency to exercise in the home related to physical activity type selection of individuals who continued to perform physical activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was observed that students who presented inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic process had a high level of willingness to develop regular physical activity behavior in future (76.08%).

Conclusion: This study showed that university students’ physical inactivity rates increased worryingly during the COVID-19 pandemic process and students who were determined to continue their physical activity behavior were able to adapt to the process by changing their activity patterns.

Keywords: COVID-19, physical activity, student, health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Fiziksel Aktivite Davranışı
• sağlık
• öğrenci

Kaynakça

1. Aktuğ, Z. B., İri, R., & Aktuğ Demir, N. (2020). COVID-19 immün sistem ve egzersiz. Journal of Human Sciences, 17(2), 513-520. doi:10.14687/ jhs.v17i2.6005
2. Alpözgen, A.Z. & Özdinçler, A.Z. (2016). Physical Activity and Preventive Effect: Review. HSP Dergisi, 3(1),66-72. doi:10.17681/hsp.18017
3. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2003). Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity. Journal of PEDIATRICS, 112(2)
4. American College Health Association & National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). (2016). Spring 2016 Reference Group Executive Summary
5. Azevedo, M. R., Araújo, C. L. P., Reichert, F. F., Siqueira, F. V., DaSilva, M. C., Hallal, P. C. (2007). Gender differences in leisure-time physical activity. Internatıonal Journal of Public Health, 52(8),15. doi 10.1007/ s00038-006-5062-1
6. Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Journal of Health Education & Behavior, 31(2),143-64. doi: 10.1111/obr.12225
7. Charansonney, O.L. (2011). Physical activity and aging: A lifelong story. Journal of Discovery Medicine, 12, 177–185.
8. Colbourn, T. (2020). COVID-19: extending or relaxing distancing control measures. Journal of The Lancet Public Health, 5(5),235-236. https:// doi.org/10.1016/ S2468-2667(20)30072-4

9. Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M. D., Ogden, C. L., & Johnson, C.L. (2002). Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2000. Journal of JAMA, 9(14), 288 (14):1723-1727. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723
10. Hall, G., Laddu, D.R., Phillips, S.A., Lavie, C.J., & Arena, R. (2020). A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another?. Journal of Progress in Cardiovascular Disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005
11. Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Journal of Managıng Sports and Leısure. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.202 0.1757494
12. İlaslan, E., Taylan, S., Özkan, İ. & Adıbelli, D. (2020). Türkiye Klinikleri İç Hastalıkları Dergisi, 5(1), 15-21. doi: 10.5336/intermed.2019-71187
13. Keating, XD., Guan, J., Piñero, J.C., Bridges, D.M. (2005). A meta-analysis of college students’ physical activity behaviors. Journal of American College Health, 54(2),116-26.
14. Kivimäki, M., Singh-Manoux, A., Pentti, J., Sabia, S., Nyberg, ST., Alfredsson, L., et al. (2019) . Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: an individual-participant meta-analysis. Journal of BMJ, 365, 1495. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l1495
15. Kodama, S., Tanaka, S., Heianza, Y., Fujihara, K., Horikawa, C., Shimano, H., et al. (2013). Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Diabetes- A meta-analysis, Journal of Diabetes Care, 36, 471–479.
16. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Journal of Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
17. Lai, C-C., Shih, T-P., Ko, W-C., Tang, H-J., & Hsueh, P-R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3). https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
18. Lavie, C.J., Ozemek, C., Carbone, S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., & Blair, S.N. (2019). Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Journal of Circulation Research, 124(5), 799-815. doi: 10.1161/ CIRCRESAHA.118.312669
19. Lippi, G., Henry, B.M., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 141(5), 399400. doi: 10.1177/2047487320916823
20. Savcı, S., Öztürk, M., Arıkan, H., İnal İnce, D., & Tokgözoğlu L. (2006). Üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi Dergisi, 34(3), 166-172.
21. Temel, F., Hancı, P., Kasapoğlu, T., Kışla, R.M., Sarıkaya, M.S., Yılmaz, M.A., et al. (2010). Ankara’da bir meslek lisesi 10. ve 11. sınıf öğrencilerinin uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı Dergisi, 53, 122-131.
22. Wahid, A., Manek, N., Nichols, M., Kelly, P., Foster, C., Webster, P., et al. (2016). Quantifying the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and diabetes: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of American Heart Association, 14, 5(9). doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.115.002495
23. Wernecka, A.O., Collingsb, P.J., Barbozad, L.L., Stubbse, B., & Silvac, D.R. (2019). Associations of sedentary behaviors and physical activity with social isolation in 100,839 school students: The Brazilian Scholar Health Survey. Journal of General Hospital Psychiatry, 59(7),13. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.04.010.
24. World Health Organization. (2019). Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier World.[Brochure]. Switzerland: World Health Organization
25. World Health Organization. (2020). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: Interim guidance. Retrieved March 13, 2020 from https://www. who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acuterespiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-issuspected
26. World Medical Association. (2018). Wma Declaratıon Of Helsinki – Ethical Principles For Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, from https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinkiethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/ Worldometer. (2020). https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus. [Erişim tarihi:20.05.2020].
27. Young, M., Plotnikoff, R., Collins, C., Callister, R., Morgan, P. (2014), Social cognitive theory and physical activity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Obesity Review, 15(12), 983-95. https://doi. org/10.1111/obr.12225
28. Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., et al. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Journal of The Lancet, 395, 1054–1062.
29. Zimmermann-Sloutskis, D., Wanner, M., Zimmermann, E., & Martin B.W.(2010). Physical activity levels and determinants of change in young adults: a longitudinal panel study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(2).
30. Plotnikoff, R.C., Costigan, S.A., Karunamuni, N., Lubans, D.R. (2013). Social cognitive theories used to explain physical activity behavior in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(5), 245-53.