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Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 117 - 120, 31.05.2021

Öz

Kranioservikal bileşke “foramen magnum (oksiput), C1 (atlas), C2 (axis) ve araya giren tendonlar ve bağları çevreleyen oksipital kemik dahil olmak üzere kafatasının tabanı ile ‘’servikal omurganın birleşimi” olarak tanımlanır. Oksipital kondiller ve kompleks bağ sistemi arasındaki özel eklemler, bu üç yapıyı tek bir fonksiyonel birime bağlar. Bu sistem, kafa tabanından C2'ye uzanan nörovasküler yapıları içerir. C1 ve C2 disfonksiyonu, doğrudan medulla spinalisin mekanik irritasyonu yoluyla ve dolaylı olarak vasküler yapıları etkileyerek nörolojik hasar oluşturabilir. Ayrıca Dentate ligaman aracılığı ile medulla spinalise benzersiz bir şekilde bağlanmalarından dolayı üst servikal omurga disfonksiyonları, medulla spinalise doğrudan bası yaparak deforme edebilir. Mekanik irritasyon, damarlarda staz ile beraber venöz tıkanmaya neden olur. Bu durum, üst servikal kordun belirli bölgelerinde anoksiye neden olabilir. Sonuç olarak üst servikal omurga disfonksyonları vücutta nörolojik ve kas iskelet sistemi problemlerinin gelişmesine neden olur.

Kaynakça

  • Knutson GA. Abnormal upper cervical joint alignment and the neurologic component of the atlas subluxation complex. Chirop Res J. 1997;4(1):5–9.
  • Cooperstein R, Schneider MS. Assessment of chiropractic techniques and procedures. Top Clin Chiropr. 1996;3:44–51.
  • Taylor CS, Mangano FT. Craniocervical abnormalities. Encycl Otolaryngol head neck surgery New York Springer Ref. 2013;619–28.
  • Organization WH. WHO guidelines on basic training and safety in chiropractic. World Health Organization; 2005.
  • Crowe T, Kleinman H. Upper cervical influence on the reticular system. Up Cerv Monogr. 1991;5(1):12–4.
  • Knutson GA. Vectored upper cervical manipulation for chronic sleep bruxism, headache, and cervical spine pain in a child. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003;26(6):395.
  • Seaman DR, Winterstein JF. Dysafferentation: a novel term to describe the neuropathophysiological effects of joint complex dysfunction. A look at likely mechanisms of symptom generation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21(4):267–80.
  • Demetrious J. Post-traumatic upper cervical subluxation visualized by MRI: a case report. Chiropr Osteopat. 2007;15(1):1–7.
  • Grostic JD. Dentate ligament-cord distortion hypothesis. Chiropr Res J. 1988;1(1):47–55.
  • Damadian R V, Chu D. The Possible Role of Cranio-Cervical Trauma and Abnormal CSF Hydrodynamics in the Genesis of Multiple Sclerosis Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR September 20, 2011; 41: 117. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 2011;41:1–17.
  • Woodfield III HC, Becker WJ, Hasick DG, Rose S. Observed Changes in Quality of Life Measures and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Parameters in Migraine Subjects Receiving Chiropractic Care. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(5):A50-a50.
  • Eriksen K. Upper cervical subluxation complex: a review of the chiropractic and medical literature. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
  • Bland JH. Disorders of the cervical spine: Diagnosis and medical management. Saunders; 1994.
  • Breeze R, Ignelzi RJ. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Results with special reference to the late recurrence rate. J Neurosurg. 1982;57(4):487–90.
  • Rodine RJ, Aker P. Trigeminal neuralgia and chiropractic care: a case report. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2010;54(3):177.
  • Kessinger RC, Boneva D V. Vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss in the geriatric patient. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23(5):352–62.
  • Blair WG. Blair upper cervical spinographic research; primary and adaptive malformations; procedures for solving malformation problems; Blair principle of occipito-atlanto misalignment. 1968;
  • Hack GD, Koritzer RT, Robinson WL, Hallgren RC, Greenman PE. Anatomic relation between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dura mater. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(23):2484–5.
  • Kirk Eriksen DC. Your Upper Neck: The Science of Your Upper Neck.
  • Gottlieb MS. Absence of symmetry in superior articular facets on the first cervical vertebra in humans: implications for diagnosis and treatment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17(5):314–20.
  • Terrett AGJ. Cerebral dysfunction: a theory to explain some of the effects of chiropractic manipulation. Chiropr Tech. 1993;5(4):168–73.
  • Chaibi A, Russell MB. Manual therapies for cervicogenic headache: a systematic review. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(5):351.
  • Heymann W v, Köneke C. Tinnitus bei „Hirnstamm-Irritations-Syndrom “. Man Medizin. 2009;47(4):239.
  • Heymann W, Locher H, Böhni U, Habring M. Neuroanatomie–Teil 1. Man Medizin-Heildelberg. 2011;49(6):473–80.
  • Standen C. Textbook Osteopathic Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017.
  • Linde M. Migraine: a review and future directions for treatment. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;114(2):71–83.
  • Diamond S. Head pain. Diagnosis and management. Clin Symp. 199;46(3):2–34.
  • Alix ME, Bates DK. A proposed etiology of cervicogenic headache: the neurophysiologic basis and anatomic relationship between the dura mater and the rectus posterior capitis minor muscle. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22(8):534–9.
  • Bogduk N. The anatomical basis for cervicogenic headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15(1):67–70.
  • Knutson GA, Jacob M. Possible manifestation of temporomandibular joint dysfunction on chiropractic cervical X-ray studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22(1):32–7.

Upper Cervical Spine: Anatomy, Pathophysiology and Clinic Picture

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 117 - 120, 31.05.2021

Öz

The craniocervical junction is defined as "the fusion of the base of the skull with the cervical spine, including the foramen magnum (occiput), C1 (atlas), C2 (axis), and the occipital bone surrounding the intervening tendons and ligaments". This includes neurovascular structures extending from the skull base to C2. C1 and C2 dysfunction may cause neurological damage directly through mechanical irritation of the spinal cord and indirectly by affecting vascular structures. Because of their unique attachment to the spinal cord via dentate ligaments, upper cervical spine dysfunctions can directly compress and deform the spinal cord. Mechanical irritation may cause venous occlusion together with stasis in the veins. This condition can cause anoxia in certain areas of the upper cervical cord. As a result, upper cervical spine dysfunctions lead to the development of neurological and musculoskeletal system problems in the body.

Kaynakça

  • Knutson GA. Abnormal upper cervical joint alignment and the neurologic component of the atlas subluxation complex. Chirop Res J. 1997;4(1):5–9.
  • Cooperstein R, Schneider MS. Assessment of chiropractic techniques and procedures. Top Clin Chiropr. 1996;3:44–51.
  • Taylor CS, Mangano FT. Craniocervical abnormalities. Encycl Otolaryngol head neck surgery New York Springer Ref. 2013;619–28.
  • Organization WH. WHO guidelines on basic training and safety in chiropractic. World Health Organization; 2005.
  • Crowe T, Kleinman H. Upper cervical influence on the reticular system. Up Cerv Monogr. 1991;5(1):12–4.
  • Knutson GA. Vectored upper cervical manipulation for chronic sleep bruxism, headache, and cervical spine pain in a child. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003;26(6):395.
  • Seaman DR, Winterstein JF. Dysafferentation: a novel term to describe the neuropathophysiological effects of joint complex dysfunction. A look at likely mechanisms of symptom generation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21(4):267–80.
  • Demetrious J. Post-traumatic upper cervical subluxation visualized by MRI: a case report. Chiropr Osteopat. 2007;15(1):1–7.
  • Grostic JD. Dentate ligament-cord distortion hypothesis. Chiropr Res J. 1988;1(1):47–55.
  • Damadian R V, Chu D. The Possible Role of Cranio-Cervical Trauma and Abnormal CSF Hydrodynamics in the Genesis of Multiple Sclerosis Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR September 20, 2011; 41: 117. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 2011;41:1–17.
  • Woodfield III HC, Becker WJ, Hasick DG, Rose S. Observed Changes in Quality of Life Measures and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Parameters in Migraine Subjects Receiving Chiropractic Care. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(5):A50-a50.
  • Eriksen K. Upper cervical subluxation complex: a review of the chiropractic and medical literature. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
  • Bland JH. Disorders of the cervical spine: Diagnosis and medical management. Saunders; 1994.
  • Breeze R, Ignelzi RJ. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Results with special reference to the late recurrence rate. J Neurosurg. 1982;57(4):487–90.
  • Rodine RJ, Aker P. Trigeminal neuralgia and chiropractic care: a case report. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2010;54(3):177.
  • Kessinger RC, Boneva D V. Vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss in the geriatric patient. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23(5):352–62.
  • Blair WG. Blair upper cervical spinographic research; primary and adaptive malformations; procedures for solving malformation problems; Blair principle of occipito-atlanto misalignment. 1968;
  • Hack GD, Koritzer RT, Robinson WL, Hallgren RC, Greenman PE. Anatomic relation between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dura mater. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(23):2484–5.
  • Kirk Eriksen DC. Your Upper Neck: The Science of Your Upper Neck.
  • Gottlieb MS. Absence of symmetry in superior articular facets on the first cervical vertebra in humans: implications for diagnosis and treatment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17(5):314–20.
  • Terrett AGJ. Cerebral dysfunction: a theory to explain some of the effects of chiropractic manipulation. Chiropr Tech. 1993;5(4):168–73.
  • Chaibi A, Russell MB. Manual therapies for cervicogenic headache: a systematic review. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(5):351.
  • Heymann W v, Köneke C. Tinnitus bei „Hirnstamm-Irritations-Syndrom “. Man Medizin. 2009;47(4):239.
  • Heymann W, Locher H, Böhni U, Habring M. Neuroanatomie–Teil 1. Man Medizin-Heildelberg. 2011;49(6):473–80.
  • Standen C. Textbook Osteopathic Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017.
  • Linde M. Migraine: a review and future directions for treatment. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;114(2):71–83.
  • Diamond S. Head pain. Diagnosis and management. Clin Symp. 199;46(3):2–34.
  • Alix ME, Bates DK. A proposed etiology of cervicogenic headache: the neurophysiologic basis and anatomic relationship between the dura mater and the rectus posterior capitis minor muscle. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22(8):534–9.
  • Bogduk N. The anatomical basis for cervicogenic headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15(1):67–70.
  • Knutson GA, Jacob M. Possible manifestation of temporomandibular joint dysfunction on chiropractic cervical X-ray studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22(1):32–7.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Ünal 0000-0003-4927-649X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünal, M. (2021). Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 117-120.
AMA Ünal M. Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo. İKÇÜSBFD. Mayıs 2021;6(2):117-120.
Chicago Ünal, Mehmet. “Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji Ve Klinik Tablo”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2021): 117-20.
EndNote Ünal M (01 Mayıs 2021) Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6 2 117–120.
IEEE M. Ünal, “Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo”, İKÇÜSBFD, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 117–120, 2021.
ISNAD Ünal, Mehmet. “Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji Ve Klinik Tablo”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6/2 (Mayıs 2021), 117-120.
JAMA Ünal M. Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6:117–120.
MLA Ünal, Mehmet. “Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji Ve Klinik Tablo”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 117-20.
Vancouver Ünal M. Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6(2):117-20.