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Effect of Macronutrients and Cholesterol on Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 165 - 170, 30.09.2021

Öz

People in old age can encounter many chronic degenerative diseases. One of these is age-related macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration is a common, chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder affecting macula in older adults. Foods rich in carbohydrates and with high glycemic index bring the risk of age-related macular degeneration with oxidative stress damage and inflammation formation. The possible relationship between protein intake and age-related macular degeneration is also explained by oxidation of proteins. Fats affect disease by forming extracellular lipoprotein deposits in vascular wall in the systemic circulation and causing neovascularisation. For this reason, at least 3 meals a day eating patterns by providing a variety of foods should be adopted. Besides increasing the consumption of foods with low glycemic index, vegetables and fruits high in vitamins, minerals and fiber, foods should be prepared, cooked and stored correctly.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization [Internet]. Ageing: The world’s population is rapidly ageing; 2018 [Cited 2020 November 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/ageing.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [İntenet]. “İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar”; 2019 [Cited 2020 November 28]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2019-33712.
  • Gerst-Emerson K, Jayawardhana J. Loneliness as a public health issue: the impact of loneliness on health care utilization among older adults. Am J Public Health 2015; 105(5): 1013-9.
  • Fontana L, Kennedy BK, Longo VD, Seals D, Melov S. Medical research: Treat ageing. Nature 2014; 511: 405–7.
  • Held FP, Blyth F, Gnjidic D, Hirani V, Naganathan V, Waite LM, et al. Assocation rules analysis of comorbidity and multimorbidity: The concord health and aging in men project. Journals of Gerontology Series A: JMBS 2015; 71: 625–31.
  • Zealley B, de Grey AD. Strategies for engineered negligible senescence. Gerontology 2013; 59: 183–9.
  • Olshansky SJ, Perry D, Miller RA, Butler RN. Pursuing the longevity dividend: scientific goals for an aging world. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Bilim 2007; 1114: 11–3.
  • Saraç ZF, Yılmaz M. Yaşlılık ve sağlıklı beslenme. Aegean J Med Sci 2015; 54(10): 1-11.
  • Paoli A, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Moro T. The influence of meal frequency and timing on health in humans: The role of fasting. Nutr 2019; 11(4): 719.
  • Dahany MM, Drame M, Mahmoudi R, Novella JL, Ciocan D, Kanagaratnam L, et al. Factors associated with successful aging in persons aged 65 to 75 years. Eur Geriatr Med 2014; 5: 365–70 doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.005.
  • Johansson Y, Bachrach-Lindstrom M, Carstensen J, Ek AC. Malnutrition in a home-living older population: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. A prospective study. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18: 1354–64 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02552.x
  • Food And Health Innovation Service [Internet]. Nutrition and the ageing population - A Review of current policy and science September Retrieved November October; 2015 [Cited 2019 December 15]. Available from: http://www.foodhealthinnovation.com/media/5810/ nutrition_and_the_ageing_population.pdf
  • Everitt AV, Ratta SI, Le Couteur DG, de Cabo R. Calorie restriction, aging and longevity. Springer Press. New York; 2010.
  • Fontana L, Partridge L. Promoting health and longevity through diet: From model organisms to humans. Cell 2015; 161: 106–18.
  • Gheorghe A, Mahdi L, Musat O. Age-related macular degeneratıon. Rom J Ophthalmol 2015; 59(2): 74-7.
  • McCusker MM, Durrani K, Payette MJ, Suchecki J. An eye on nutrition: The role of vitamins, essential fatty acids, and antioxidants in age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and cataract. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34(2): 276-85.
  • Niyonzima JC, Nyenze EM, Karimurio J, Kandeke L. To what extent has burundi achieved VISION 2020,“The right to sight” global initiative, targets for eye service delivery?. JOECSA 2017; 20(2):
  • Wu J, Cho E, Willett WC, Sastry SM, Schaumberg DA. Intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin, and other carotenoids and age-related macular degeneration during 2 decades of prospective follow-up. JAMA Ophtha 2015; 133(12): 1415-24.
  • Stevens R, Bartlett H, Cooke R. Dietary analysis and nutritional behaviour in people with and without age-related macular disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10: 112–7.
  • Chiu CJ, Milton RC, Klein R, Gensler G, Taylor A. Dietary compound score and risk of age-related macular degeneration in age-related eye disease study Ophthalmology 2009; 116(5): 939–46.
  • Merle B, Delyfer MN, Korobelnik JF, Rougier MB, Colin J, Malet F, et al Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and the risk for age-related maculopathy: The alienor study. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2011; 52(8): 6004-11.
  • Chew EY, Clemons TE. San Giovanni JP. The age-related eye disease study 2 (areds2) research group the age-related eye disease study. About AREDS2. JAMA 2013; 309(19): 2005-15.
  • Wang JJ, Buitendijk GH, Rochtchina E, Lee KE, Klein BE, Van Duijn CM, et al. Genetic susceptibility, dietary antioxidants, and long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration in two populations. Ophthalmology 2014; 121(3): 667-75.
  • Liu R, Wang T, Zhang B, Qin L, Wu C, Li Q, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2015; 56(1): 252-8.
  • Montgomery MP, Kamel F, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Postel EA, Agarwal A, et al Overall diet quality and age-related macular degeneration. Ophta Epi 2010; 17(1): 58-65.
  • Mares JA, Voland RP, Sondel SA, Millen AE, La Rowe T, Moeller SM, et al Healthy lifestyles related to subsequent prevalence of age-related macular degeneration. ARCH Ophthalmol 2011; 129(4): 470-80.
  • Zhang M, Chu Y, Mowery J, Konkel B, Galli S, Theos AC, Golestaneh N. Pgc-1α repression and high-fat diet induce age-related macular degeneration-like phenotypes in mice. DMM 2018; 11(9): dmm032698.
  • Chiu CJ, Hubbard LD, Armstrong J, Rogers G, Jacques PF, Chylack Jr LT, et al. Dietary glycemic index and carbohydrate in relation to early age-related macular degeneration. AJCN 2006; 83(4): 880-6.
  • Pollreisz A, Afonyushkin T, Oskolkova OV, Gruber F, Bochkov VN, Schmidt-Erfurth U, et al. Retinal pigment epithelium cells produce VEGF in response to oxidized phospholipids through mechanisms involving ATF4 and protein kinase CK2. Exp Eye Res 2013, 116: 177-184.
  • Kumagai AK. Glucose transport in brain and retina: İmplications in the management and complications of diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 261–73.
  • Stitt AW. Advanced glycation: an important pathological event in diabetic and age related ocular disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85: 746–53.
  • Suji G, Sivakami S. Glucose, glycation and aging. Biogerontology 2004; 5: 365–73.
  • Kalkan K. Klinik Uygulamalarda Beslenme. Akman M (Editör). İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2017.
  • Chiu CJ, Milton RC, Gensler G, Taylor A. Association between dietary glycemic index and age-related macular degeneration in nondiabetic participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. AJCN 2007; 86: 180-8.
  • Hammes HP, Hoerauf H, Alt A. N(epsilon)(carboxymethyl)lysin and the age receptor rage colocalize in age-related macular degeneration. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 1999; 40: 1855–9.
  • Farboud B, Aotaki-Keen A, Miyata T, Hjelmeland LM, Handa JT. Development of a polyclonal antibody with broad epitope specificity for advanced glycation endproducts and localization of these epitopes in bruch’s membrane of the aging eye. Mol Vis 1999; 5: 11.
  • Liu S, Manson JE, Buring JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ridker PM., et al. Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women. AJCN 2002; 75: 492– 8.
  • Türkiye’ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi. Türkiye’ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. Ankara; 2015.
  • Aksoydan E. Yaşlılık ve Beslenme (2. bs.). Ankara; 2010.
  • Jyvakorpi SK, Urtamo A, Kivimaki M, Strandberg TE. Macronutrient composition and sarcopenia in the oldest-old men The Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS). Clin Nutr 2020;
  • Ludwig DS, Astrup A, Willett WC. The glycemic index: Reports of its demise have been exaggerated. Obesity 2015; 23(7): 1327-28.
  • Yıldırım Z, Ucgun NI, Yıldırım F. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Clinics 2011; 66(5): 743-6.
  • Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species and angiotensin ıı signaling in vascular cells-implications in cardiovascular disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37: 1263-73 doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004000800018.
  • Olivares-Corichi IM, Ceballos G, Ortega-Camarillo C, Guzman- Grenfell AM, Hicks JJ. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induce chemical and structural changes on human insulin in vitro, including alterations in its immunoreactivity. Front Bioscience 2005; 10: 834-43.
  • Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillere-Blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int 1996; 49: 1304-13 doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.186.
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Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 165 - 170, 30.09.2021

Öz

Yaşlılık döneminde insanlar birçok kronik dejeneratif hastalıkla karşılaşabilmektedir. Bunlardan birisi de yaşa bağlı olarak gelişen makular dejenerasyondur. Yaşa bağlı makular dejenerasyon, yaşlı bireylerde makulanın etkilendiği yaygın, kronik, ilerleyici dejeneratif bir bozukluktur. Karbonhidrat bakımından zengin ve yüksek glisemik indeksli besinler, oksidatif stres hasarı ve inflamasyon oluşumu yaşa bağlı makular dejenerasyon riskini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Protein alımı ile yaşa bağlı makular dejenerasyon arasındaki olası ilişki proteinlerin oksidasyonu ile açıklanmaktadır. Yağlar sistemik dolaşımda yer alan damar duvarında ekstraselüler lipoprotein depoları oluşturmaları ve neovaskülarizasyon neden olmaları ile hastalık üzerinde etki etmektedir. Bu nedenle her ne kadar yaşlılık dönemi için sağlıklı beslenme önerileri geliştirilmiş olsa da aslında temel olan yaşam boyu sağlıklı beslenme davranışlarının benimsenmesi ve sürdürülmesidir. Buna bağlı olarak, besin çeşitliliği sağlanarak günde en az 3 öğün beslenme modeli benimsenmelidir. Glisemik indeksi düşük besinlerin, vitamin, mineral ve posadan yüksek sebze ve meyve tüketiminin artırılmasının yanında besinlerin doğru hazırlanması, pişirilmesi ve saklanması gerekmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization [Internet]. Ageing: The world’s population is rapidly ageing; 2018 [Cited 2020 November 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/ageing.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [İntenet]. “İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar”; 2019 [Cited 2020 November 28]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2019-33712.
  • Gerst-Emerson K, Jayawardhana J. Loneliness as a public health issue: the impact of loneliness on health care utilization among older adults. Am J Public Health 2015; 105(5): 1013-9.
  • Fontana L, Kennedy BK, Longo VD, Seals D, Melov S. Medical research: Treat ageing. Nature 2014; 511: 405–7.
  • Held FP, Blyth F, Gnjidic D, Hirani V, Naganathan V, Waite LM, et al. Assocation rules analysis of comorbidity and multimorbidity: The concord health and aging in men project. Journals of Gerontology Series A: JMBS 2015; 71: 625–31.
  • Zealley B, de Grey AD. Strategies for engineered negligible senescence. Gerontology 2013; 59: 183–9.
  • Olshansky SJ, Perry D, Miller RA, Butler RN. Pursuing the longevity dividend: scientific goals for an aging world. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Bilim 2007; 1114: 11–3.
  • Saraç ZF, Yılmaz M. Yaşlılık ve sağlıklı beslenme. Aegean J Med Sci 2015; 54(10): 1-11.
  • Paoli A, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Moro T. The influence of meal frequency and timing on health in humans: The role of fasting. Nutr 2019; 11(4): 719.
  • Dahany MM, Drame M, Mahmoudi R, Novella JL, Ciocan D, Kanagaratnam L, et al. Factors associated with successful aging in persons aged 65 to 75 years. Eur Geriatr Med 2014; 5: 365–70 doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.005.
  • Johansson Y, Bachrach-Lindstrom M, Carstensen J, Ek AC. Malnutrition in a home-living older population: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. A prospective study. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18: 1354–64 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02552.x
  • Food And Health Innovation Service [Internet]. Nutrition and the ageing population - A Review of current policy and science September Retrieved November October; 2015 [Cited 2019 December 15]. Available from: http://www.foodhealthinnovation.com/media/5810/ nutrition_and_the_ageing_population.pdf
  • Everitt AV, Ratta SI, Le Couteur DG, de Cabo R. Calorie restriction, aging and longevity. Springer Press. New York; 2010.
  • Fontana L, Partridge L. Promoting health and longevity through diet: From model organisms to humans. Cell 2015; 161: 106–18.
  • Gheorghe A, Mahdi L, Musat O. Age-related macular degeneratıon. Rom J Ophthalmol 2015; 59(2): 74-7.
  • McCusker MM, Durrani K, Payette MJ, Suchecki J. An eye on nutrition: The role of vitamins, essential fatty acids, and antioxidants in age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and cataract. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34(2): 276-85.
  • Niyonzima JC, Nyenze EM, Karimurio J, Kandeke L. To what extent has burundi achieved VISION 2020,“The right to sight” global initiative, targets for eye service delivery?. JOECSA 2017; 20(2):
  • Wu J, Cho E, Willett WC, Sastry SM, Schaumberg DA. Intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin, and other carotenoids and age-related macular degeneration during 2 decades of prospective follow-up. JAMA Ophtha 2015; 133(12): 1415-24.
  • Stevens R, Bartlett H, Cooke R. Dietary analysis and nutritional behaviour in people with and without age-related macular disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10: 112–7.
  • Chiu CJ, Milton RC, Klein R, Gensler G, Taylor A. Dietary compound score and risk of age-related macular degeneration in age-related eye disease study Ophthalmology 2009; 116(5): 939–46.
  • Merle B, Delyfer MN, Korobelnik JF, Rougier MB, Colin J, Malet F, et al Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and the risk for age-related maculopathy: The alienor study. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2011; 52(8): 6004-11.
  • Chew EY, Clemons TE. San Giovanni JP. The age-related eye disease study 2 (areds2) research group the age-related eye disease study. About AREDS2. JAMA 2013; 309(19): 2005-15.
  • Wang JJ, Buitendijk GH, Rochtchina E, Lee KE, Klein BE, Van Duijn CM, et al. Genetic susceptibility, dietary antioxidants, and long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration in two populations. Ophthalmology 2014; 121(3): 667-75.
  • Liu R, Wang T, Zhang B, Qin L, Wu C, Li Q, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2015; 56(1): 252-8.
  • Montgomery MP, Kamel F, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Postel EA, Agarwal A, et al Overall diet quality and age-related macular degeneration. Ophta Epi 2010; 17(1): 58-65.
  • Mares JA, Voland RP, Sondel SA, Millen AE, La Rowe T, Moeller SM, et al Healthy lifestyles related to subsequent prevalence of age-related macular degeneration. ARCH Ophthalmol 2011; 129(4): 470-80.
  • Zhang M, Chu Y, Mowery J, Konkel B, Galli S, Theos AC, Golestaneh N. Pgc-1α repression and high-fat diet induce age-related macular degeneration-like phenotypes in mice. DMM 2018; 11(9): dmm032698.
  • Chiu CJ, Hubbard LD, Armstrong J, Rogers G, Jacques PF, Chylack Jr LT, et al. Dietary glycemic index and carbohydrate in relation to early age-related macular degeneration. AJCN 2006; 83(4): 880-6.
  • Pollreisz A, Afonyushkin T, Oskolkova OV, Gruber F, Bochkov VN, Schmidt-Erfurth U, et al. Retinal pigment epithelium cells produce VEGF in response to oxidized phospholipids through mechanisms involving ATF4 and protein kinase CK2. Exp Eye Res 2013, 116: 177-184.
  • Kumagai AK. Glucose transport in brain and retina: İmplications in the management and complications of diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 261–73.
  • Stitt AW. Advanced glycation: an important pathological event in diabetic and age related ocular disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85: 746–53.
  • Suji G, Sivakami S. Glucose, glycation and aging. Biogerontology 2004; 5: 365–73.
  • Kalkan K. Klinik Uygulamalarda Beslenme. Akman M (Editör). İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2017.
  • Chiu CJ, Milton RC, Gensler G, Taylor A. Association between dietary glycemic index and age-related macular degeneration in nondiabetic participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. AJCN 2007; 86: 180-8.
  • Hammes HP, Hoerauf H, Alt A. N(epsilon)(carboxymethyl)lysin and the age receptor rage colocalize in age-related macular degeneration. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 1999; 40: 1855–9.
  • Farboud B, Aotaki-Keen A, Miyata T, Hjelmeland LM, Handa JT. Development of a polyclonal antibody with broad epitope specificity for advanced glycation endproducts and localization of these epitopes in bruch’s membrane of the aging eye. Mol Vis 1999; 5: 11.
  • Liu S, Manson JE, Buring JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ridker PM., et al. Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women. AJCN 2002; 75: 492– 8.
  • Türkiye’ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi. Türkiye’ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. Ankara; 2015.
  • Aksoydan E. Yaşlılık ve Beslenme (2. bs.). Ankara; 2010.
  • Jyvakorpi SK, Urtamo A, Kivimaki M, Strandberg TE. Macronutrient composition and sarcopenia in the oldest-old men The Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS). Clin Nutr 2020;
  • Ludwig DS, Astrup A, Willett WC. The glycemic index: Reports of its demise have been exaggerated. Obesity 2015; 23(7): 1327-28.
  • Yıldırım Z, Ucgun NI, Yıldırım F. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Clinics 2011; 66(5): 743-6.
  • Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species and angiotensin ıı signaling in vascular cells-implications in cardiovascular disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37: 1263-73 doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004000800018.
  • Olivares-Corichi IM, Ceballos G, Ortega-Camarillo C, Guzman- Grenfell AM, Hicks JJ. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induce chemical and structural changes on human insulin in vitro, including alterations in its immunoreactivity. Front Bioscience 2005; 10: 834-43.
  • Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillere-Blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int 1996; 49: 1304-13 doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.186.
  • Alderman CJ, Shah S, Foreman JC, Chain BM, Katz DR. The role of advanced oxidation protein products in regulation of dendritic cell function. Free Radic. Biol. Med 2002; 32: 377-85 doi: 10.1016/S0891- 5849(01)00735-3.
  • Totan Y, Yagci R, Bardak Y, Ozyurt H, Kendir F, Yılmaz G, et al. Oxidative macromolecular damage in age-related macular degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2009; 34: 1089-93 doi: 10.3109/ 02713680903353772.
  • Bejarano E, Taylor, A. Too sweet: problems of protein glycation in the eye. Exp Eye Res 2019; 178: 255-62.
  • Curcio CA, Johnson M, Huang JD, Rudolf M. Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in retinal aging and age-related macular degeneration. Journal of Lipid Research 2010; 51(3): 451-67.
  • Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Nash SD, Krantz EM, Nieto FJ, Huang GH, et al. The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and associated risk factors. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128(6): 750-8.
  • Shen J, He J, Wang F. Association of lipids with age-related macular degeneration. Discov Med 2016; 22(120): 129-45.
  • Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Spiegelman D, Stampfer M, Willet WC. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: Cohort follow up study in the United States. BMJ 1996, 313: 84–90.
  • Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. NEJM 1997; 337: 1491–9.
  • Connor WE, Neuringer M, Reisbick S. Essential fatty acids: The importance of n3 fatty acids in the retina and brain. Nutr Rev 1992; 50: 21–9.
  • Cho E, Hung S, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. AJCN 2001; 73(2): 209-18.
  • Querques G Souied EH. The role of omega-3 and micronutrients in age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2014; 59(5): 532-9.
  • Simon MV, Agnolazza DL, German OL, Garelli A, Politi LE, Agbaga MP, et al. Synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from eicosapentaenoic acid in retina neurons protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress. J Neurochem 2016; 136(5): 931-46.
  • Johansson I, Monsen VT, Pettersen K, Mildenberger J, Misund K, Kaarniranta K, et al. The marine n-3 PUFA DHA evokes cytoprotection against oxidative stress and protein misfolding by inducing autophagy and NFE2L2 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Autophagy 2015; 11(9): 1636-51.
  • Semeraro F, Gambicordi E, Cancarini A, Morescalchi F, Costagliola C, Russo A. Treatment of exudative age‐related macular degeneration with aflibercept combined with pranoprofen eye drops or nutraceutical support with omega‐3: A randomized trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85(5): 908-13.
  • Hollyfield JG, Bonilha V L, Rayborn ME, Yang X, Shadrach KG, Lu L, et al. Oxidative damage-induced inflammation initiates age-related macular degeneration. Nat Med 2008; 14(2): 194-8.
  • Seddon JM, Rosner B, Sperduto RD, Yannuzzi L, Haller JA, Blair NP, et al. Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration. Arch Opht 2001; 119(8): 1191-9.
  • Gorusupudi A, Liu A, Hageman GS, Bernstein PS. Associations of human retinal very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with dietary lipid biomarkers. J Lipid Res 2016; 57(3): 499-508.
  • Fang IM, Yang CH, Yang CM. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces linoleic acid induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression via PPARγ and Nuclear Factor-Κb Pathway in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res 2014; 58(10): 2053-65.
  • Zemski Berry KA, Gordon WC, Murphy RC, Bazan NG. Spatial organization of lipids in the human retina and optic nerve by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2014; 55(3): 504-15.
  • Biederman AM, Kuhn DE, O’Brien KM, Crockett EL. Mitochondrial membranes in cardiac muscle from Antarctic notothenioid fishes vary in phospholipid composition and membrane fluidity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: BMB 2019; 235: 46-53.
  • Shaw PX, Zhang L, Zhang M, Du H, Zhao L, Lee C, et al. Complement factor H genotypes impact risk of age-related macular degeneration by interaction with oxidized phospholipids Proc Natl Acad Sci 2012; 109(34): 13757-62.
  • Suzuki M, Kamei M, Itabe H, Yoneda K, Bando H, Kume N, et al. Oxidized phospholipids in the macula increase with age and in eyes with age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 2007; 13: 772-8.
  • Suzuki M, Tsujikawa M, Itabe H, Du ZJ, Xie P, Matsumura N, et al. Chronic photo-oxidative stress and subsequent MCP-1 activation as causative factors for age-related macular degeneration. J Cell Sci 2012; 125(10): 2407-15.
  • Xiao Q, Yu K, Cui YY, Hartzell HC. Dysregulation of human bestrophin-1 by ceramide-induced dephosphorylation. J Physiol 2009; 587(18): 4379-91.
  • Wang HH, Li T, Portincasa P, Ford DA, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Tso P, Wang DQH, et al. New insights into the role of lith genes in the formation of cholesterol-supersaturated bile. Liver Res 2017; 1(1): 42-53.
  • Pikuleva IA, Curcio CA. Cholesterol in the retina: The best is yet to come. Prog Ret Eye Res 2014; 41: 64-89.
  • Rodriguez IR, Clark ME, Lee JW Curcio CA. 7-ketocholesterol accumulates in ocular tissues as a consequence of aging and is present in highlevels in drusen. Exp Eye Res 2014; 128: 151-5.
  • Saadane A, Mast N, Charvet CD, Omarova S, Zheng W, Huang SS, et al. Retinal and nonocular abnormalities in Cyp27a1(-/-)Cyp46a1(-/-) mice with dysfunctional metabolism of cholesterol. Am J Pathol 2014; 184(9): 2403-2419.
  • Hu Y, Lin H, Dib B, Atik A, Bouzika P, Lin C, et al. Cholesterol crystals induce inflammatory cytokines expression in a human retinal pigment epithelium cell line by activating the NF-Κb Pathway. Discov Med 2014; 18(97): 7-14.
  • Toops KA, Tan LX, Jiang Z, Radu RA, Lakkaraju A. Cholesterolmediated activation of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26(1): 1-14.
  • Cezario SM, Calastri MCJ, Oliveira CIF, Carmo TS, Pinhel MADS, Godoy MFD, et al. Association of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein e genetic variants with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2015; 78(2): 85-8.
  • Hogg RE, Woodside JV, Gilchrist SE, Graydon R, Fletcher AE, Chan W, et al. Cardiovascular disease and hypertension are strong risk factors for choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 2008; 115(6): 1046-52.
  • Lee K, Jin H, Chei S, Oh HJ, Lee JY, Lee BY. Effect of dietary silk peptide on obesity, hyperglycemia, and skeletal muscle regeneration in high-fat diet-fed mice. Cells 2020; 9(2): 377.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Özgür 0000-0002-7801-7932

Asli Uçar 0000-0002-0279-249X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Özgür, M., & Uçar, A. (2021). Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 165-170.
AMA Özgür M, Uçar A. Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi. İKÇÜSBFD. Eylül 2021;6(3):165-170.
Chicago Özgür, Mustafa, ve Asli Uçar. “Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri Ve Kolesterolün Etkisi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6, sy. 3 (Eylül 2021): 165-70.
EndNote Özgür M, Uçar A (01 Eylül 2021) Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6 3 165–170.
IEEE M. Özgür ve A. Uçar, “Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi”, İKÇÜSBFD, c. 6, sy. 3, ss. 165–170, 2021.
ISNAD Özgür, Mustafa - Uçar, Asli. “Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri Ve Kolesterolün Etkisi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6/3 (Eylül 2021), 165-170.
JAMA Özgür M, Uçar A. Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6:165–170.
MLA Özgür, Mustafa ve Asli Uçar. “Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri Ve Kolesterolün Etkisi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 165-70.
Vancouver Özgür M, Uçar A. Yaşa Bağlı Makular Dejenerasyonda Makro Besin Ögeleri ve Kolesterolün Etkisi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6(3):165-70.