Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall, NJ: Englewood Cliffs.
Braun, H. I., & Holland, P. W. (1982). Observed score equating: A mathematical analysis of some ETS equating
procedures. In P. W. Holland & D. B. Rubin (Eds.). Test equating (pp.9-49). New York: Academic Press.
Brennan, R. L. (2008). A discussion of population invariance. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32 (1), 102-114.
Cook, L. L., & Eignor, D. R. (1991). An NCME instructional module on IRT equating methods. Educational
Measurement: Issues and Practice, 10, 191-200.
Cook, L. L., & Petersen, N. S. (1987). Problems related to the use of conventional and item response theory
equating methods in less than optimal circumstances. Applied Psychological Measurement, 11, 225-244.
Crocker, L., & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to classical & modern test theory. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich College Publishers.
Dorans, N. J. (Ed.). (2003). Population invariance of score linking: Theory and applications to Advanced
Placement program examinations (ETS Research Report RR-03-27). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Dorans, N. J. (2004). Equating, concordance, and expectation. Applied Psychological Measurement, 28(4), 227
Dorans, N. J., Feigenbaum, M. D. (1994). Equating issues engendered by changes to the SAT and PSAT/NMSQT.
In I. M. Lawrance, N. J. Dorans, M. D. Feigenbaum, N. J. Feryok, A. P. Schmitt, & N. K. Wright (Eds.), Technical issues related to the introduction of the new SAT and PSAT/NMSQT. ETS Research memorandum. No. RM-94-10. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Dorans, N. J., & Holland, P. W. (2000). Population invariance and the equitability of tests: Basic theory and the
linear case. Journal of Educational Measurement, 37, 281-306.
Dorans, N.J., Holland, P. W., Thayer, D.T., & Tateneni, K. (2002, April). Invariance of score linking across gender
groups for three Advanced Placement Program exams. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, New Orleans, La.
Dorans, N., Liu, J., & Hammond, S. (2008). Anchor test type and population invariance: An exploration across
subpopulations and test administrations. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 81-97.
Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Daire Başkanlığı. (2010). Ortaöğretim ÖBBS raporu 2009. Retrieved from
Hanson, B., & Zeng, L. (n.d.). PIE: A computer program for IRT equating. (Windows Console Version, Revised by
Cui, May 20, 2004) [Manual]. Unpublished manuscript, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Harris, D. J., & Kolen, M. J. (1986). Effect of examinee group on equating relationships. Applied Psychological Measurement, 10(1), 35-43.
Holland, P. W., & Dorans, N. J. (2006). Linking and Equating. In R. L. Brennan (Ed.) Educational measurement
(4th ed., pp. 187-220). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Huggins, A. C., & Penfield, R. D. (2012). An NCME instructional module on population invariance in linking and equating. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 31(1), 27-40.
Kolen, M. J. (1988). An NCME instructional module on traditional equating methodology. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 7, 29-36.
Kolen, M. J. (2004). Population invariance in equating and linking: Concept and history. Journal of Educational Measurement, 41(1), 3-14.
Kolen, M. J., & Brennan, R. L. (2004). Test equating, scaling, and linking: Methods and practices (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Liu, M., & Holland, P. W. (2008). Exploring population sensitivity of linking functions across three law school admission test administrations. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 27-44.
Petersen, N. S. (2008). A discussion of population invariance of equating. Applied Psychological Measurement,
, 98-101.
von Davier, A. A. (2007). Potential solutions to practical equating issues. In N. J. Dorans, M. Pommerich & P. W. Holland (Eds.). Linking and Aligning Scores and Scales (pp.89-105). New York: Springer.
von Davier, A. A., & Wilson, C. (2008). Assumption of item response theory true-score equating across two subgroups of examinees and two test formats. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 11-26.
Yang, W.-L., & Gao, R. (2008). Invariance of score linkings across gender groups for forms of a testlet-based College Level Examination Program Examination. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 45-61.
Yi, Q., Harris, D., & Gao, X. (2008). Invariance of equating functions across different subgroups of examinees taking a science achievement test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 62-80.
Zimowski, M. F., Muraki, E., Mislevy, R. J., & Bock, R. D. (2003). BILOGMG 3.0 for Windows: Multiple-group IRT analysis and test maintenance for binary items [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results
In this study, it was investigated that Item Response Theory (IRT) equating results whether or not group invariant. Group invariance of equating functions means that equating is same for everyone in the population. The raw scores which were taken from 9th grade 2009 ÖBBS D form of Social Sciences were equated to 2009 ÖBBS B form of Social Sciences with IRT true-and observed- score equating methods. Equating study was conducted with using equivalent groups design. The subgroups were generated with regard to examinees’ self-perceived competence in geography and history lessons. The results indicated that under the both IRT true-score and observed-score equating methods, equating results were group sensitive.
Kaynakça
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall, NJ: Englewood Cliffs.
Braun, H. I., & Holland, P. W. (1982). Observed score equating: A mathematical analysis of some ETS equating
procedures. In P. W. Holland & D. B. Rubin (Eds.). Test equating (pp.9-49). New York: Academic Press.
Brennan, R. L. (2008). A discussion of population invariance. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32 (1), 102-114.
Cook, L. L., & Eignor, D. R. (1991). An NCME instructional module on IRT equating methods. Educational
Measurement: Issues and Practice, 10, 191-200.
Cook, L. L., & Petersen, N. S. (1987). Problems related to the use of conventional and item response theory
equating methods in less than optimal circumstances. Applied Psychological Measurement, 11, 225-244.
Crocker, L., & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to classical & modern test theory. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich College Publishers.
Dorans, N. J. (Ed.). (2003). Population invariance of score linking: Theory and applications to Advanced
Placement program examinations (ETS Research Report RR-03-27). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Dorans, N. J. (2004). Equating, concordance, and expectation. Applied Psychological Measurement, 28(4), 227
Dorans, N. J., Feigenbaum, M. D. (1994). Equating issues engendered by changes to the SAT and PSAT/NMSQT.
In I. M. Lawrance, N. J. Dorans, M. D. Feigenbaum, N. J. Feryok, A. P. Schmitt, & N. K. Wright (Eds.), Technical issues related to the introduction of the new SAT and PSAT/NMSQT. ETS Research memorandum. No. RM-94-10. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Dorans, N. J., & Holland, P. W. (2000). Population invariance and the equitability of tests: Basic theory and the
linear case. Journal of Educational Measurement, 37, 281-306.
Dorans, N.J., Holland, P. W., Thayer, D.T., & Tateneni, K. (2002, April). Invariance of score linking across gender
groups for three Advanced Placement Program exams. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, New Orleans, La.
Dorans, N., Liu, J., & Hammond, S. (2008). Anchor test type and population invariance: An exploration across
subpopulations and test administrations. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 81-97.
Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Daire Başkanlığı. (2010). Ortaöğretim ÖBBS raporu 2009. Retrieved from
Hanson, B., & Zeng, L. (n.d.). PIE: A computer program for IRT equating. (Windows Console Version, Revised by
Cui, May 20, 2004) [Manual]. Unpublished manuscript, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Harris, D. J., & Kolen, M. J. (1986). Effect of examinee group on equating relationships. Applied Psychological Measurement, 10(1), 35-43.
Holland, P. W., & Dorans, N. J. (2006). Linking and Equating. In R. L. Brennan (Ed.) Educational measurement
(4th ed., pp. 187-220). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Huggins, A. C., & Penfield, R. D. (2012). An NCME instructional module on population invariance in linking and equating. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 31(1), 27-40.
Kolen, M. J. (1988). An NCME instructional module on traditional equating methodology. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 7, 29-36.
Kolen, M. J. (2004). Population invariance in equating and linking: Concept and history. Journal of Educational Measurement, 41(1), 3-14.
Kolen, M. J., & Brennan, R. L. (2004). Test equating, scaling, and linking: Methods and practices (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Liu, M., & Holland, P. W. (2008). Exploring population sensitivity of linking functions across three law school admission test administrations. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 27-44.
Petersen, N. S. (2008). A discussion of population invariance of equating. Applied Psychological Measurement,
, 98-101.
von Davier, A. A. (2007). Potential solutions to practical equating issues. In N. J. Dorans, M. Pommerich & P. W. Holland (Eds.). Linking and Aligning Scores and Scales (pp.89-105). New York: Springer.
von Davier, A. A., & Wilson, C. (2008). Assumption of item response theory true-score equating across two subgroups of examinees and two test formats. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 11-26.
Yang, W.-L., & Gao, R. (2008). Invariance of score linkings across gender groups for forms of a testlet-based College Level Examination Program Examination. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 45-61.
Yi, Q., Harris, D., & Gao, X. (2008). Invariance of equating functions across different subgroups of examinees taking a science achievement test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32, 62-80.
Zimowski, M. F., Muraki, E., Mislevy, R. J., & Bock, R. D. (2003). BILOGMG 3.0 for Windows: Multiple-group IRT analysis and test maintenance for binary items [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
Gübeş, N., & Kalecioğlu, H. (2016). Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results. İlköğretim Online, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2017.34481
AMA
Gübeş N, Kalecioğlu H. Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results. İOO. Aralık 2016;16(1). doi:10.17051/io.2017.34481
Chicago
Gübeş, Neşe, ve Hülya Kalecioğlu. “Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results”. İlköğretim Online 16, sy. 1 (Aralık 2016). https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2017.34481.
EndNote
Gübeş N, Kalecioğlu H (01 Aralık 2016) Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results. İlköğretim Online 16 1
IEEE
N. Gübeş ve H. Kalecioğlu, “Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results”, İOO, c. 16, sy. 1, 2016, doi: 10.17051/io.2017.34481.
ISNAD
Gübeş, Neşe - Kalecioğlu, Hülya. “Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results”. İlköğretim Online 16/1 (Aralık 2016). https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2017.34481.
JAMA
Gübeş N, Kalecioğlu H. Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results. İOO. 2016;16. doi:10.17051/io.2017.34481.
MLA
Gübeş, Neşe ve Hülya Kalecioğlu. “Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results”. İlköğretim Online, c. 16, sy. 1, 2016, doi:10.17051/io.2017.34481.
Vancouver
Gübeş N, Kalecioğlu H. Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results. İOO. 2016;16(1).