Çocuk ve Ergen Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Yıl 2010,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 898 - 909, 26.06.2010
Aslı Uz Baş
,
Diğdem Müge Siyez
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, 459 çocuk ve ergenden oluşan bir çalışma grubunda Çocuk ve Ergen
Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ye uyarlamak, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Yapılan temel
bileşenler analizinin sonuçları, orijinal faktör yapısına benzer şekilde iki faktörlü bir yapıyı ortaya çıkarmıştır:
Kendine yönelik mükemmeliyetçilik ve sosyal kaynaklı mükemmeliyetçilik. Bu faktör yapısı doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi ile desteklenmiştir. Ölçüt geçerlik çalışması kapsamında, sosyal kaynaklı mükemmeliyetçilik puanları ile
depresyon puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında her iki
mükemmeliyetçilik boyutunun, Frost Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği’nin alt boyutları ile anlamlı olarak
ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin yapılan analizlerin sonuçları, Türkçe’ye uyarlanan
Çocuk ve Ergen Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği’nin çocuk ve ergenlerde mükemmeliyetçiliği ölçmek için güvenilir
bir araç olduğunu göstermiştir.
Kaynakça
- Ablard, K.E., & Parker, W.D. (1997). Parents’ achievement goals and perfectionism in their academically talented children. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 651-666.
- Antony, M.M., Purdon, C.L., Huta, V., & Swinson, R.P. (1998). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36,1143–1154.
- Behling, O. & Law, K.S. (2000). Translating Questionnaires and other Research Instruments: Problems and Solutions. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Bergman, A.J., Nyland, J.E., & Burns, L.R. (2007). Correlates with perfectionism and the utility of a dual process model. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 389-399.
- Bieling, P.J., Israeli, A., Smith, J., & Antony, M.M. (2003). Making the grade: the behavioral consequences of perfectionism in the classroom. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 163-178.
- Bieling, P.J., Israeli, A., & Antony, M.M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1373-1385.
- Brislin R.W. (1970) Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216.
- Burns, D.D. (1980). The perfectionist script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 41, 34-51.
- Byrne, B.M. (1998), Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Callahan, J. (1993). Blue print for an adolescent suicidal crisis. Psychiatric Annals, 23, 263-270.
- Castro, J., Gila, A., Gual, P., Lahortiga, F., Saura, B., & Toro, J. (2004). Perfectionism dimensions in children and adolescents with anorxia nervosa. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 392-398.
- Cattell, R.B. (1966). The scree test fort he number of factors. Sociological Methods & Research, 1, 245-276.
- Chang, E.C. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes: Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 18-26.
- Chang, A., Chau, J., & Holroyd, E. (2003). Translation of questionnaires and issues of equivalence. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29, 316–22.
- Cheng, S.K., Chong, G.H., & Wong, C.W. (1999). Chinese Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale: A validation and prediction of self-esteem and psychological distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 1051-1061.
- DeKryger, N.A. (2005). Childhood perfectionism: measurement, phenomenology, and development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Louisville, Kentucky.
- Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Farnett, E. (2000). The role of perfectionism and depressive cognitions in understanding the hopelessness experienced by adolescent suicide attempters. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 31, 99-111.
- Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. (2002). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5-30). Washington: American Psychological Association.
- Enns, M.W., Cox, B.J., & Clara, I. (2002). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism: developmental origins and association with depression proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 921-935.
- Flett, G.L., Beser, A., Davis, R.A., & Hewitt, P.L. (2002). Dimensions of perfectionism, unconditional self-acceptance, and depression. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21, 119-138.
- Flett, G.L., Hewitt, R.L., Blankstein, K.R., & O'Brien, S. (1991). Perfectionism and learned resourcefulness in depression and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 61-68.
- Flett, G.L., & Hewitt, P.L. (2002). Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues. In G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Ed.), Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5-30). Washington: American Psychological Association.
- Flett, G.L., Hewitt, P.L., Boucher, D.J., Davidson, L.A., & Munro, Y. (2001). The child and adolescent perfectionism scale: development, validation, and association with adjustment Unpublished Manuscript.
- Frost, R.O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
- Frost, R.O., Hemberg, R.G., Holt, C.S., & Mattia, J.I., & Neubaer, A.L. (1993). A Comparision of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
- Gilman, R., & Ashby, J.S. (2003a). A first study of perfectionism and multidimensional life satisfaction among adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 218-235.
- Gilman, R., & Ashby, J.S. (2003b). Multidimensional perfectionism in a sample of middle school students: An exploratory investigation. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 677-689.
- Harvey, B., Pallant, J., & Harvey, D. (2004). An evaluation of the factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 1997-1018.
- Hawkins, C.C., Watt, H.M.G., & Sinclair, K.G. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale with Australian adolescent girls: clarification of multidimensionality and perfectionist typology. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 1001-1022.
- Helfrich, C.D., Li, Y.F., Mohr, D.C., Meterko, M., & Sales, A.E. (2007). Assessing an organizational culture instrument based on the Competing Values framework: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Implemention Science, 2, 13-
- Hewitt, P.L., Caelian, C.F., Flett, G.L., Sherry, S.B., Collins, L., & Flynn, C.A. (2002). Perfectionism in children: Associations with depression, anxiety, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1049-1061.
- Hewitt, P.L., & Flett, G.L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
- Hill, R.V., Zrull, M.C., & Turlington, S. (1997). Perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 1, 81-103.
- Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M. (1999), "Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives," Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1), 1-55.
- Hyrkas, K., Appelquist-Schmidlechner, K. & Paunonen-Ilmonen, M. (2003). Translating and validating the Finnish version of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale. Scan.J. Caring Sci, 17, 358-364.
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2009, Mayıs). Genel Aile Kuramı. 4. Işık Savaşır Klinik Psikoloji Sempozyumu’nda sunulan bildiri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sürekli Eğitim Merkesi, İzmir.
- Kovacs, M. (1981). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995-998.
- March, J.S., Parker, J.D.A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554 565.
- McCreary, B.T., Joiner, T.E., Schmidt, N.B., & Ialongo, N.S. (2004). The structure and correlates of perfectionism in African American children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 313- 324.
- Miquelon, P., Vallerant, R.J., Grouzet, F.M.E., & Cardinal, G. (2005). Perfectionism, academic motivation, and psychological adjustment: An itegrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 913-924.
- Mısırlı-Taşdemir, O. (2003). The examination of relationships among problem solving skills and self-efficiacy, locus of control, self-esteem, test-anxiety, and perfectionism in gifted children. Unpublished master’s thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
- Neumeister, K.L.S. (2004). Factors Influencing the development of perfectionism in gifted college students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 48, 259-274.
- Öy, B. (1991). Depression scale for children: A study of validity and reliablility. Turkish Psychiatry Journal, 2, 132-135.
- Parker, W.D., & Mills, C. J. (1996). The incidince of perfectionism in gifted students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 40, 194-199.
- Parker, W.D. (1997). An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 545-562.
- Rice, K.G., & Preusser, K.J. (2002). The Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 210-222.
- Rice, K.G., Leever, B.A., Noggle, C.A., & Lapsley, K.G. (2007). Perfectionism and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 139-156.
- Slaney, R.B., Chadha, N., Mobley, M., & Kenndy, S. (2000). Perfectionism in Asian Indians: Exploring the meaning of the construct in India. The Counseling Psychologist, 28, 19-31.
- Staquet, M., Hays, R.D., & Fayers, P.M (1998). Quality of live assessment in clinical trials, methods and practise. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Stoeber, J. (1998). The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: more perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 481-491.
- Stoeber, J., & Rambow, A. (2007). Perfectionism in adolescent school students: relations with motivation, achievement, and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1379-1389.
- Stoeber, J., Kepme, T., & Keogh, E.J. (2008). Facets of self-oriented and socially perfectionism and feelings of pride, shame, and guilt following success and failure. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1506-1516.
- Trumpeter, N., Watson, P.J., & O’Leary, B.J. (2006). Factors within multidimensional perfectionism scales: Complexity of relationships with self-esteem, narcissism, self control, and self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 849-860.
- van Hanswijck de Jonge, L., & Waller, G. (2003). Perfectionism levels in African-American and Caucasian adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1447-1451.
- Wei, M., Mallinckrodt, B., Russell, D. W., & Abraham, W. T. (2004). Maladaptive perfectionism as a mediator and moderator between adult attachment and depressive mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 201-212.
Çocuk ve Ergen Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Yıl 2010,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 898 - 909, 26.06.2010
Aslı Uz Baş
,
Diğdem Müge Siyez
Öz
The purpose of this study was to adapt the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale in Turkish
and to investigate the validity and the reliability of the scale in a sample of 459 children and adolescents. The
results of the principal component analysis, consistent with the original factor structure, yielded two-factor
solution: Self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism. This factor structure was supported
by the confirmatory factor analysis. As evidence of convergent validity, socially prescribed perfectionism was
positively correlated with depression. In addition, both subscales were significantly correlated with the subscales
of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The findings of reliability analysis were indicated that the
Turkish version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale was a reliable instrument to measure
perfectionism among children and adolescennts.
Kaynakça
- Ablard, K.E., & Parker, W.D. (1997). Parents’ achievement goals and perfectionism in their academically talented children. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 651-666.
- Antony, M.M., Purdon, C.L., Huta, V., & Swinson, R.P. (1998). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36,1143–1154.
- Behling, O. & Law, K.S. (2000). Translating Questionnaires and other Research Instruments: Problems and Solutions. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Bergman, A.J., Nyland, J.E., & Burns, L.R. (2007). Correlates with perfectionism and the utility of a dual process model. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 389-399.
- Bieling, P.J., Israeli, A., Smith, J., & Antony, M.M. (2003). Making the grade: the behavioral consequences of perfectionism in the classroom. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 163-178.
- Bieling, P.J., Israeli, A., & Antony, M.M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1373-1385.
- Brislin R.W. (1970) Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216.
- Burns, D.D. (1980). The perfectionist script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 41, 34-51.
- Byrne, B.M. (1998), Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Callahan, J. (1993). Blue print for an adolescent suicidal crisis. Psychiatric Annals, 23, 263-270.
- Castro, J., Gila, A., Gual, P., Lahortiga, F., Saura, B., & Toro, J. (2004). Perfectionism dimensions in children and adolescents with anorxia nervosa. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 392-398.
- Cattell, R.B. (1966). The scree test fort he number of factors. Sociological Methods & Research, 1, 245-276.
- Chang, E.C. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes: Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 18-26.
- Chang, A., Chau, J., & Holroyd, E. (2003). Translation of questionnaires and issues of equivalence. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29, 316–22.
- Cheng, S.K., Chong, G.H., & Wong, C.W. (1999). Chinese Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale: A validation and prediction of self-esteem and psychological distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 1051-1061.
- DeKryger, N.A. (2005). Childhood perfectionism: measurement, phenomenology, and development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Louisville, Kentucky.
- Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Farnett, E. (2000). The role of perfectionism and depressive cognitions in understanding the hopelessness experienced by adolescent suicide attempters. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 31, 99-111.
- Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. (2002). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5-30). Washington: American Psychological Association.
- Enns, M.W., Cox, B.J., & Clara, I. (2002). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism: developmental origins and association with depression proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 921-935.
- Flett, G.L., Beser, A., Davis, R.A., & Hewitt, P.L. (2002). Dimensions of perfectionism, unconditional self-acceptance, and depression. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21, 119-138.
- Flett, G.L., Hewitt, R.L., Blankstein, K.R., & O'Brien, S. (1991). Perfectionism and learned resourcefulness in depression and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 61-68.
- Flett, G.L., & Hewitt, P.L. (2002). Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues. In G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Ed.), Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5-30). Washington: American Psychological Association.
- Flett, G.L., Hewitt, P.L., Boucher, D.J., Davidson, L.A., & Munro, Y. (2001). The child and adolescent perfectionism scale: development, validation, and association with adjustment Unpublished Manuscript.
- Frost, R.O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
- Frost, R.O., Hemberg, R.G., Holt, C.S., & Mattia, J.I., & Neubaer, A.L. (1993). A Comparision of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
- Gilman, R., & Ashby, J.S. (2003a). A first study of perfectionism and multidimensional life satisfaction among adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 218-235.
- Gilman, R., & Ashby, J.S. (2003b). Multidimensional perfectionism in a sample of middle school students: An exploratory investigation. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 677-689.
- Harvey, B., Pallant, J., & Harvey, D. (2004). An evaluation of the factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 1997-1018.
- Hawkins, C.C., Watt, H.M.G., & Sinclair, K.G. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale with Australian adolescent girls: clarification of multidimensionality and perfectionist typology. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 1001-1022.
- Helfrich, C.D., Li, Y.F., Mohr, D.C., Meterko, M., & Sales, A.E. (2007). Assessing an organizational culture instrument based on the Competing Values framework: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Implemention Science, 2, 13-
- Hewitt, P.L., Caelian, C.F., Flett, G.L., Sherry, S.B., Collins, L., & Flynn, C.A. (2002). Perfectionism in children: Associations with depression, anxiety, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1049-1061.
- Hewitt, P.L., & Flett, G.L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
- Hill, R.V., Zrull, M.C., & Turlington, S. (1997). Perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 1, 81-103.
- Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M. (1999), "Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives," Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1), 1-55.
- Hyrkas, K., Appelquist-Schmidlechner, K. & Paunonen-Ilmonen, M. (2003). Translating and validating the Finnish version of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale. Scan.J. Caring Sci, 17, 358-364.
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2009, Mayıs). Genel Aile Kuramı. 4. Işık Savaşır Klinik Psikoloji Sempozyumu’nda sunulan bildiri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sürekli Eğitim Merkesi, İzmir.
- Kovacs, M. (1981). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995-998.
- March, J.S., Parker, J.D.A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554 565.
- McCreary, B.T., Joiner, T.E., Schmidt, N.B., & Ialongo, N.S. (2004). The structure and correlates of perfectionism in African American children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 313- 324.
- Miquelon, P., Vallerant, R.J., Grouzet, F.M.E., & Cardinal, G. (2005). Perfectionism, academic motivation, and psychological adjustment: An itegrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 913-924.
- Mısırlı-Taşdemir, O. (2003). The examination of relationships among problem solving skills and self-efficiacy, locus of control, self-esteem, test-anxiety, and perfectionism in gifted children. Unpublished master’s thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
- Neumeister, K.L.S. (2004). Factors Influencing the development of perfectionism in gifted college students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 48, 259-274.
- Öy, B. (1991). Depression scale for children: A study of validity and reliablility. Turkish Psychiatry Journal, 2, 132-135.
- Parker, W.D., & Mills, C. J. (1996). The incidince of perfectionism in gifted students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 40, 194-199.
- Parker, W.D. (1997). An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 545-562.
- Rice, K.G., & Preusser, K.J. (2002). The Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 210-222.
- Rice, K.G., Leever, B.A., Noggle, C.A., & Lapsley, K.G. (2007). Perfectionism and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 139-156.
- Slaney, R.B., Chadha, N., Mobley, M., & Kenndy, S. (2000). Perfectionism in Asian Indians: Exploring the meaning of the construct in India. The Counseling Psychologist, 28, 19-31.
- Staquet, M., Hays, R.D., & Fayers, P.M (1998). Quality of live assessment in clinical trials, methods and practise. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Stoeber, J. (1998). The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: more perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 481-491.
- Stoeber, J., & Rambow, A. (2007). Perfectionism in adolescent school students: relations with motivation, achievement, and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1379-1389.
- Stoeber, J., Kepme, T., & Keogh, E.J. (2008). Facets of self-oriented and socially perfectionism and feelings of pride, shame, and guilt following success and failure. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1506-1516.
- Trumpeter, N., Watson, P.J., & O’Leary, B.J. (2006). Factors within multidimensional perfectionism scales: Complexity of relationships with self-esteem, narcissism, self control, and self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 849-860.
- van Hanswijck de Jonge, L., & Waller, G. (2003). Perfectionism levels in African-American and Caucasian adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1447-1451.
- Wei, M., Mallinckrodt, B., Russell, D. W., & Abraham, W. T. (2004). Maladaptive perfectionism as a mediator and moderator between adult attachment and depressive mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 201-212.