The Attitude of a Critic Accused of Being Nāsibī Towards Shī‘ite-Inclined Narrators: al-Jūzjānī and His Ahwāl al-rijāl

Öz

In his Ahwāl al-rijāl, al-Jūzjānī determined the reliabity of the narrators based on their theological views. This attitude distinguished him from other critics who wrote works in the du‘afā literature. It has been frequently repeated in both classical and modern works that al-Jūzjānī had a prejudice against the Kūfan narrators. In this article, al-Jūzjānī’s criticisms about the Kūfan narrators compared with the opinions of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Yahya ibn Ma‘īn and Ibn ‘Adī. In addition, these narrators were also researched from Shī‘ite sources. Thus, an attempt was made to determine whether al-Jūzjānī harbored any prejudice against the Kūfan Shī‘ite -inclined narrators. It has been observed that al-Jūzjānī’s evaluations differed significantly from the three Sunnī critics. On the other hand, it has been determined that 91% of the narrators criticised by him are found in Shī‘ī sources and 66% of them are considered reliable or Imāmī. This demonstrates that al-Jūzjānī was successful in determining whether a narrator had adopted Shī‘ite views and whether he had connections with the early Shī‘ite circles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hadīth
• Jarh-Ta‘dīl
• Transmitter Critism
• al-Jūzjānī
• Ahwāl al-rijāl.

Kaynakça

1. Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abū ‘Abd Allāh. Kitāb al-‘Ilal wa-ma‘rifat al-rijāl (‘Abd Allāh ibn Ahmad). 3 vols. ed. Wasī Allāh ibn Muhammad ‘Abbās, Riyād: Dār al-Khānī, 1422/2010.
2. Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Suālāt (Riwāyāt Abū Dāwūd). ed. Ziyād Muhammad Mansūr. Madīna: Maktaba al-‘Ulūm wa al-Hikam, 1414/2001.
3. Âşıkkutlu, Emin. “Mukâribü’l-Hadîs”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 31/125-126. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2020.
4. Aydın, Nevzat. “Ebû İshâk el-Cûzcânî’nin “Ahvâlu’r-Ricâl” Adlı Eserindeki Tenkit Metodu, Cerh-Ta‘dîl Lafızları ve Delâletleri”. Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi 18/1 (June 2022), 147-181. https://doi.org/10.18498/amailad.1098643
5. Aydın, Nevzat. “Ebû İshâk el-Cûzcânî’nin Kûfe Ehline Yönelik Cerhlerinin Mezhep Taassubu Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi”, Eskişehir Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/2 (September 2022), 62-84. http://doi.org/1051702/esoguifd. 1107347
6. al-Barqī, Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Rijāl al-Barqī. ed. Khaydar Muhammad ‘Alī al-Baghdādī. Qum: Mu’assasat al-Imām al-Sādiq, 1391/1970.
7. al-Dhahabī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Mīzān al-i‘tidāl fī naqd al-rijāl. 4 vols. ed. ‘Alī al-Bijāwī. Bayrūt: Dār al-Ma‘rifa, 1383/1963.
8. Duman, Ayşe Nur. Hadis Rivayetinde Sünnî-Şiî Etkileşimi. Istanbul: İFAV Yayınları, 2024.

9. Gül, Recep Emin. “Ebû İshâk el-Cüzcânî’nin (ö. 259/873) Basralı Râvilere Yönelik ‘Kaderî’ İthamının Mezhep Taassubu Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi”. Rize İlahiyat Dergisi 24/2 (October 2023), 143-159. https://doi.org/10.32950/rid.1308689
10. Ibn Abū Ya‘lā, Abū l-Husayn Muhammad ibn Muhammad. Tabaqāt al-Hanābilah. 2 vols. ed. Muhammad Hāmid. Qāhira: Matba‘a al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyya, 1371/1952.
11. Ibn ‘Adī, Abū Ahmad ‘Abd Allāh. al-Kāmil fī du‘afā’ al-rijāl. 10 vols. ed. Māzin al-Sirsāvī, Bayrūt: Maktaba al-Rushd, 1433/2012.
12. Ibn ‘Asākir, Abū l-Qāsım ‘Alī ibn al-Hasan. Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq wa-dhikr fadlihā wa-tasmiyat man hallahā min al-amāthil aw ijtāza bi-nawāhīhā wa-ahlihā. 80 vols. ed. ‘Umar ibn Gharāma. Beyrūt: Dār al-Fiqr, 1418/1998.
13. Ibn Dāwūd al-Hillī, al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī. Rijāl Ibn Dāwūd. ed. Muhammad Sādiq Āl-i Bahr al-‘Ulūm. Najaf: Manshūrāt al-Rizā, 1393/1972.
14. Ibn Abū Hātim, ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad. Kitāb al-Jarh wa-l-ta‘dīl. 9 vols. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya, 1373/1953.
15. Ibn Hajar, Shihāb al-Dīn Ahmad ibn ‘Alī. Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb. 12 vols. Haydarābād: Matba‘a Majlis Dā’irat al-Ma‘ārif al-Nizāmiyyat al-Qāina, 1325/1908.
16. Ibn Hibbān, Abū Hātim Muhammad al-Bustī. Kitāb al-Thiqāt. 10 vols. ed. ‘Abd al-Mu‘īd Khān. Haydarābād: Dā’irat al-Ma‘ārif al-‘Usmāniyya, 1393/1973.
17. Ibn al-Mutahhar el-Hillī. Khulāsāt al-aqvāl fī ma‘rifat al-rijāl. ed. Jawād al-Qayyūmī. Qum: Nashr al-Qayyūmī, 1388/1964.
18. İsmail, Mohammad Yusuf Mohammad. Ebû İshak el-Cûzcânî (259/873) ve Ahvâlü’r-ricâl Adlı Eseri. Konya: Necmettin Erbakan University, MA Thesis, 2012.
19. al-Jūzjānī, Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Ya‘qūb al-Sa‘dī. Ahwāl al-rijāl. 2 vols. ed. Subhī al-Sāmarrā’ī. Bayrūt: Mu’assasat al-Risāla, n.d.
20. Karagözoğlu, Mustafa Macit. Zayıf Râvîler Duafâ Literatürü ve Zayıf Rivayetler. Istanbul: İFAV Yayınları, 2014.
21. al-Kashshī, Abū ‘Amr Muhammad ibn ‘Umar. Ikhtiyār ma‘rifat al-rijāl: al-ma‘rūf bi-rijāl al-Kashshī. ed. Jawād al-Qayyūmī. Qum: Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1427/2006.
22. Khūī, Abu’l-Qāsim ibn ‘Alī al-Akbar. Mu‘jam rijāl al-hadīth wa-tafsīl tabaqāt al-ruwāt. 24 vols. ed. Bashshār Awwād. Najaf: Mu’assasat al-Hūī el-Islāmī, n.d.
23. Lucas, Scott. Constructive Critics, Hadīth Literature, And The Articulation of Sunnī Islam The Legacy of the Generation of Ibn Sa‘d, Ibn Ma‘īn, and Ibn Hanbal. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2004.
24. al-Māmaqānī, ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muhammad. Tanqīh al-makāl fī ‘ilm al-rijāl. 34 vols. ed. Rizā al-Māmaqānī. Qum: Mu’assasat Āl al-Bayt li-Ihyā’ al-Turāth, 1431/2011.
25. Melchert, Christopher. “The Life and Works of al-Nasā’ī”. Journal of Semitic Studies 59/1 (Autumn 2014), 377-407. doi: 10.1093/jss/fgu006
26. Moghultāy ibn Qilīj, Abū ‘Abd Allāh ‘Alā al-Dīn. Ikmāl Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī asmā’ al-rijāl. 12 vols. ed. ‘Ādil ibn Muhammad – ‘Usāma ibn Ibrāhīm. n.p.: Fārūq al-Hadīth fī al-Tibā‘a wa al-Nashr, n.d.
27. Mudhaffar, Muhammad al-Hasan. al-Ifsāh ‘an ahwāl al-ruwāt al-sihāh. ed. Mu’assasat Āl al-Bayt li-Ihyā’ al-Turāth. 4 vols. Qum: Maktaba al-Wataniyya al-Irāniyya, 1384/1963.
28. al-Najāshī, Ahmad ibn ‘Alī. Rijāl al-Najāshī. ed. Mūsā al-Zanjānī. Qum: Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1418/2005.
29. Oktan, Yusuf. “Erken Dönem Hadis Münekkitlerinden Ebû İshâk el-Cûzecânî’nin Nâsıbîlikle İtham Edilmesinin Tenkidi”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 8/1 (June 2021), 139-169. DOI: 10.33718/tid.910186
30. Özbek, Muhammed Sadık. Yahya b. Maîn ile Ahmed b. Hanbel’in Râviler Hakkındaki Görüş Farklılıkları. Istanbul: Marmara University, MA Thesis, 2019.
31. al-Qāsımī, Muhammad Jamāl al-Dīn. Qawā‘id al-Tahdīth min-funūn mustalah al-hadīth. ed. Muhammad Bahjat al-Baytār. Dimashq: Maktabat an-Nashr al-‘Arabī, 1343/1977.
32. Shāhrūdī, ‘Alī al-Namāzī. Mustadrakāt ‘ilm rijāl al-hadīth. 8 vols. Qum: Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1426/2006.
33. Su, I-Wen. “Al-Jūzjānī’s Approach to Hadith Criticism and His “Antagonism toward ‘Alī”: A Comparative Analysis”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 82/1 (April 2024), 107-21. https://doi.org/10.1086/729679
34. Su, I-Wen. “Ibrāhı̄m b. Yaʿqūb al-Saʿdı̄ al-Jūzjānı̄ (d. 259/873?) and his Aḥwāl al-rijāl: an early systematic approach to Rijāl criticism”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (January 2025), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X24000661
35. al-Tabsī, Muhammad al-Ja‘far. Rijāl al-Shī‘a fī-sıhāh al-sittah. Qum: Markaz Fiqh al-A’imma al-Athār, 1436/2015.
36. al-Tafrişī, Mustafā ibn al-Husayn. Naqd al-rijāl. 5 vols. ed. Mu’assasat Āl al-Bayt li-Ihyā’ al-Turāth. Qum: Mu’assasat Āl al-Bayt li-Ihyā’ al-Turāth, 1418/1998.
37. Topgül, Muhammed Enes. Hadis Râvilerinde Şiîlik Eğilimi. Istanbul: Marmara University, MA Thesis, 2010.
38. Topgül, Muhammed Enes. “Erken Dönem Hadis Çalışmalarında Şiîlik İthamları -Hadis Tarihi Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme-”. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 55/2 (December 2018), 52-77. https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.515302
39. al-Tūsī. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. Rijāl al-Tūsī. ed. Jawād al-Qayyūmī. Qum: Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1430/2010.
40. al-Tustarī, Muhammad Taqī. Qāmūs al-rijāl. 3 vols. Qum: Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1410/1990.
41. Yahyā ibn Ma‘īn. Abū Zakariyyā al-Baghdādī. Tārīkh (narrative via al-Dūrī). 4 vols. ed. Muhammad Nour Sayf. Makkah: Markaz al-Bahth al-‘Ilmī wa Ihyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1399/1979.
42. Yahyā ibn Ma‘īn. Suālât (riwāyāt Ibn al-Junayd). ed. Muhammad Nour Sayf. Madīna: Maktaba ad-Dār, 1408/1988. Yazıcı, Tahsin. “Cûzcân”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 8/96-77. Istanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1993.
43. al-Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn. al-A‘lām: Qāmūs tarājim li-ashhar al-rijāl wa-l-nisā’ min al-‘Arab wa-l-musta‘ribīn wa-l-mustashriqīn. 8 vols. Bayrūt: Dār al-‘Ilm al-Malāyīn, 2002.