The Effect of Paternalistic Leadership Perception on Knowledge-Sharing Behavior in the Context of Social Exchange Theory

Öz

Building upon social exchange theory, this study addresses the following questions: “Is leadership one of the premises of knowledgesharing behavior?” and “Do paternalistic leaders influence employees’ knowledge-sharing behaviors within the organization?” The study aimed to determine the effect of employee perceptions of paternalistic leadership on knowledge-sharing behaviors. For this purpose, data were collected from 376 private sector employees using the survey method. The data were analyzed using SPSS 29 and AMOS 24. According to the findings, the perception of moral leadership has a positive and statistically significant effect on knowledge-donating and knowledge-collecting behavior. Furthermore, while the perception of authoritarian leadership has a positive and statistically significant effect on knowledge-donating behavior, it was determined that the perception of benevolent leadership does not have a statistically significant effect on knowledge-collecting behavior and knowledge-donating, and the perception of authoritarian leadership does not have a statistically significant effect on knowledge-collecting behavior. These results contribute to the literature and present a ground for discussion among researchers in subsequent studies. JEL Classification : M10 , D83

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Paternalistic Leadership
• Paternalistic Leadership Perception
• Knowledge-Sharing
• Knowledge-Sharing Behavior
• Social Exchange Theory

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Etik Beyan

With the decision of KTO Karatay University Human Research Ethics Committee dated 6.3.2023 and numbered 55433, the data collection tool was proven to be suitable for scientific research and publication ethics. Within the scope of the study, scientific research and ethical rules were adhered to.

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

1. Ateş, F. (2017). Sosyal mübadele teorisi. In Turunç, Ö. & Turgut, H. (Eds.), Yönetim ve strateji: 101 teori ve yaklaşım (pp. 150-152). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi. google scholar
2. Ayazlar, G. (2012). Otel işletmelerinde örgütsel öğrenme ve bilgi paylaşımının hizmet inovasyon performansına etkisi: Kuşadası 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma, (Doctoral dissertation, Adnan Menderes University). google scholar
3. Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism. In Kim, U., Yang, KS., Hwang, KK. (Eds.), Indigenous and cultural psychology. international and cultural psychology. Springer, Boston. google scholar
4. Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., et al. (2000). Impact of culture on humanresource management practices: A 10-country comparison. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49, 192-221. google scholar
5. Bavik, Y.L., Tang, P.M., Shao, R. & Lam, L.W. (2018). Ethical leadership and employee knowledge sharing: Exploring dual-mediation paths. The Leadership Quarterly, 29 (2), 322-332. google scholar
6. Bradshaw, R. Chebbi, M. & Oztel, H. (2015). Leadership and knowledge sharing. Asian Journal of Business Research. Retrieved from http://www.magscholar.com/joomla/images/docs/ajbr/ajbrv5n1/Leadership%20and%20Knowledge%20Sharing.pdf Retrieved date: 6.1.2023. google scholar
7. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2023). Sosyal bilimler için veri analiz el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık. google scholar
8. Chan, S.C.H. (2014). Paternalistic leadership and employee voice: Does information sharing matter? Human Relations, 67 (6), 667-693. google scholar

9. Chaudhary, A., Islam, T., Ali, H.F. & Jamil, S. (2023). Can paternalistic leaders enhance knowledge sharing? The roles of organizational commitment and Islamic work ethics. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 72 (1/2), 98-118. google scholar
10. Cheng, B.S., Chou, L.F., Huang, M.P. & Farh, J.L. (2004). Patenalistic Leadership and Subordinate Responses: Establishing a Leadership Model in Chinese Organizations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 89-117. google scholar
11. Curun, F. (2021). Sosyal mübadele kuramları. In Bulut, M.B. (Eds.), Sosyal psikoloji kuramları - I (pp. 75-90). İstanbul: Nobel Yayıncılık. google scholar
12. De Long, D.W. & Fahey, L. (2000). Diagnosing Cultural Barriers to Knowledge Management. The Academy of Management Executive, 14 (4), 113-127. google scholar
13. Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, E.S. & Çinko, M. (2022). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS’le veri analizi. İstanbul: The Kitap. google scholar
14. Edu-Valsania, S., Moriano, J.A. & Molero, F. (2016). Authentic leadership andemployeeknowledge sharing behavior: Mediation of the innovation climate and workgroup identification. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37 (4), 487-506. google scholar
15. Esen, M. (2016). Bilgi tabanlı kuram. In Polat, M. ve Arun, K. (Eds.), Yönetim ve organizasyon kuramları (pp. 153-159). İstanbul: Nobel Yayıncılık. google scholar
16. Farh, J.L. & Cheng, B.S. (2000). A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J. T. Li, A. S. Tsui, & E. Weldon (Eds.), Management and organizations in the Chinese context (pp. 94-127). London: Macmillan. google scholar
17. Farh, J.L., Cheng, B.S., Chou, L.F. & Chu, X.P. (2006). Authority and benevolence: Employees’ responses to paternalistic leadership in China. In Tsui, A.S., Bian, Y. & Cheng, L. (Eds.), China’s domestic private firms: Multidisciplinary perspectives on management and performance (pp. 230-260). New York: Sharpe. google scholar
18. Farh, J.L., Liang, J., Chou, L.F. & Cheng, B.S. (2008). Paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations: Research progress and future research directions. In Chen, C.C. & Lee, Y.T. (Eds.), Business leadership in China: Philosophies, theories, and practices (pp. 171-205). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
19. Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39-50. google scholar
20. Gelfand, M. J., Erez, M. & Aycan, Z. (2007). Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 479-514. google scholar
21. Gerpott, F.H., Fasbender, U. & Burmeister, A. (2020). Respectful leadership and followers’ knowledge sharing: A social mindfulness lens. Human Relations, 73 (6), 789-810. google scholar
22. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. google scholar
23. Huck, S.W. (2012). Reading statistics and research. Boston: Pearson. google scholar
24. Ipe, M. (2003). Knowledge sharing in organizations: A conceptual framework. Human Resource Development Review, 2 (4), 337-359. google scholar
25. Jia, Y. ve Pan, Q. (2020). Research on paternalistic leadership and its influence. 2020 International Symposium on Frontiers of Economics and Management Science (FEMS 2020), 24-26. google scholar
26. Karabulut, A. (2019). Paternalist liderlik tarzı ve örgütsel özdeşleşme ilişkisinde algılanan yönetici desteğinin aracılık etkisi. (Master’s thesis, Balıkesir University). google scholar
27. Karakas, F. & Sarigollu, E. (2012). Benevolent leadership: Conceptualization and construct development. Journal of Business Ethics, 108 (4), 537-553. google scholar
28. Knowledge. (2023). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/knowledge Retrieved date: 3.1.2023. google scholar
29. Konya Chamber of Industry (2022). https://www.kos.org.tr/about Retrieved date: 1.12.2022. google scholar
30. Lee, J., Lee, H. & Park, J.G. (2014). Exploring the impact of empowering leadership on knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and team performance in IT service. Information Technology & People, 27 (3), 366-386. google scholar
31. Lee, J.Y., Jang, S.H. & Lee, S.Y. (2018). Paternalistic leadership and knowledge sharing with outsiders in emerging economies: Based on social exchange relations within the China context. Personnel Review, 47, 1094-1115. google scholar
32. Lin, C.P., Huang, H.T. & Huang, T.Y. (2020). The effects of responsible leadership and knowledge sharing on job performance among knowledge workers. Personnel Review, 49 (9), 1879-1896. google scholar
33. Lu, L., Zhou, K., Wang, Y. & Zhu, S. (2022). Relationship between paternalistic leadership and employee innovation: A meta-analysis among chinese samples. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-17. google scholar
34. Mansur, J., Sobral, F. & Goldszmidt, R. (2017). Shades of paternalistic leadership across cultures. Journal of World Business, 52, 702-713. google scholar
35. Meydan, C.H. & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. google scholar
36. Moors, J.J.A. (1986). The meaning of kurtosis: Darlington reexamined. The American Statistician, 40 (4), 283-284. google scholar
37. Niu, C.P., Wang, A.C. & Cheng, B.S. (2009). Effectiveness of a moral and benevolent leader: Probing the interactions of the dimensions of google scholar
38. paternalistic leadership. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 32-39. google scholar
39. Novitasari, D., Haque, M. G., Supriatna, H., Asbari, M. & Purwanto, A. (2021). Understanding the links between charismatic leadership, intrinsic motivation and tacit knowledge sharing among MSME employees. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2 (3), 1-13. google scholar
40. Pellegrini, E. & Scandura, T. (2006). Leader-member exchange (LMX), paternalism, and delegation in the Turkish business culture: An empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies, 37, 264-279. google scholar
41. Pellegrini, E. & Scandura, T. (2008). Paternalistic leadership: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 34 (3), 566-593. google scholar
42. Rhee, Y.W. & Choi, J.N. (2017). Knowledge management behavior and individual creativity: Goal orientations as antecedents and in-group social status as moderating contingency. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 813-832. google scholar
43. Saygili, M., Özer, Ö. & Karakaya, P.Ö. (2020). Paternalistic leadership, ethical climate and performance in health staff. Hospital Topics, 98 (1), 26-35. google scholar
44. Schumacker, R.E. & Lomax, R.G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. New York: Taylor and Francis. google scholar
45. Seçer, İ. (2017). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar
46. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. google scholar
47. Shariq, S.M., Mukhtar, U. & Anwar, S. (2019). Mediating and moderating impact of goal orientation and emotional intelligence on the relationship of knowledge oriented leadership and knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23 (2), 332-350. google scholar
48. Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C. & Harter, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the autonomy- preference-index (API). Health Expectations, 13 (3), 234-243. google scholar
49. Son, T.T., Phong, L.B. & Loan, B.T.T. (2020). Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: Determinants of firm’s operational and financial performance. SAGE Open, 10 (2), 1-13. google scholar
50. Srivastaba, A., Bartol, K. & Locke, E. (2006). Empowering leadership in management teams: Effectson knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49 (6), 1239-1251. google scholar
51. Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2018). Using multivariate statistics. New York: Pearson. google scholar
52. Tan, J.X., Zawawi, D. & Aziz, Y.A. (2016). Benevolent leadership and its organizational outcomes: A social exchange theory perspective. International Journal of Economics & Management, 10 (2), 343-364. google scholar
53. Teo, T., Tsai, L.T. & Yang, C.C. (2023). Applying SEM in educational research. In Khine, M.S. (Eds.), Application of structural equation modeling in educational research and practice (pp. 3-21). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. google scholar
54. Ulukapı Yılmaz, H. (2022). Büyük veri ve örgütsel performans. In Uğuz Arsu, Ş. & Aytaç, Z. (Eds.), Örgütsel davranış ve büyük veri (pp. 41-60). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi. google scholar
55. van den Hoff, B. & de Ridder, J.A. (2004). Knowledge sharing in context: The influence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8 (6), 117-130. google scholar
56. Wong, C.S., Lan, J., Peng, K.Z. & Iun, J. (2022). Should we stop using the label of “paternalistic leadership”? Evidence from three Chinese samples. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43 (6), 909-927. google scholar
57. Xue, Y., Bradley, J. & Liang, H. (2011). Team climate, empowering leadership, and knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15 (2), 299-312. google scholar
58. Yang, J.T. (2007). Knowledge sharing: Investigating appropriate leadership roles and collaborative culture. Tourism Management, 28, 530-543. google scholar
59. Yanhui, T., Shengjun, B. & Du keke (2021). The influence of paternalistic leadership and ethical leadership on high school teachers’ knowledge sharing behavior: An empirical study based on comparative advantage analysis. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 571, 102-108. google scholar
60. Yıkılmaz, İ. & Sağbaş, M. (2022). Paternalistik liderlik: Askeri liderlik uygulamalarına alternatif bir bakış açısı. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5 (7), 988-1000. google scholar
61. Yürür, S. (2019). Sosyal mübadele kuramı. In Yürür, S. (Eds.), Örgütsel davranış kuramları (pp. 245-279). İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım. google scholar
62. Zeb, A., Abdullah, N.H., Hussain, A. & Safi, A. (2020). Authentic leadership, knowledge sharing, and employees’ creativity. Management Research Review, 43 (6), 669-690. google scholar
63. Zhang, Y., Huai, M.Y. & Xie, Y.H. (2015). Paternalistic leadership and employee voice in China: A dual process model. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 25-36. google scholar