İsrail-Gazze Savaşının Gazzeli Çocukların Eğitim ve Psikososyal Durumlarına Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, İsrail-Gazze savaşının Gazzeli ilköğretim çağındaki çocukların eğitim ve psikososyal durumları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla Gazze’deki 15 çocuğun velileriyle detaylı görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş; elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kapsamında olgubilim deseni temel alınarak tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, savaşın çocukların eğitimini tamamen kesintiye uğrattığını, okula devam imkânını yok ettiğini ve eğitim materyallerine erişimi ciddi derecede sıkıntılı hâle getirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Savaş ortamını yaşayan çocukların eğitim performanslarını olumsuz etkileyen hususlar arasında motivasyon kaybı, internet erişimindeki sınırlılıklar ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde karşılaşılan çeşitli zorlukların yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Psikososyal açıdan incelendiğinde ise çocuklarda yoğun stres, anksiyete ve depresyon gibi psikososyal sorunlar gözlemlenmiş; ancak aile desteğinin çocukların duygusal dayanıklılıklarını artırmada önemli bir rol oynayabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Savaş süreci çocukların sosyal bağlarında ciddi kırılmalara neden olmuş; arkadaş ilişkilerinin kopması ve yalnızlık hissinin yoğunlaşması gibi psikososyal sorunlara zemin hazırlamıştır. Araştırma, savaş bölgelerinde eğitim süreçlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak amacıyla stratejik değerde olabilecek bazı öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu öneriler arasında güvenli eğitim ortamlarının sağlanması için altyapı iyileştirmeleri, öğretmenler için travma farkındalığı eğitimi verilmesi, altyapı koşulları uygun hâle getirildiğinde dijital eğitim imkânlarının geliştirilmesi ve psikososyal destek programlarının yaygınlaştırılması bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca uluslararası destek mekanizmalarının, savaş bölgelerine kapsamlı müdahale edebilme becerilerinin kritik önemde olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çocuk psikolojisi
• psikososyal destek
• savaşta eğitim
• İsrail-Gazze savaşı
• Gazzeli çocuklar

The Impacts of the Israel-Gaza War on Gazan Children's Education and Psychosocial Conditions

Öz

This study aims to examine the impacts of the Israel-Gaza war on the education and psychosocial conditions of primary school-aged children in Gaza. In the study, detailed interviews were conducted with the parents of 15 children in Gaza through semi-structured interviews; the data obtained were examined using thematic analysis based on the phenomenological design within the scope of qualitative research. The findings of the study have revealed that the war completely has disrupted the children's education, eliminated their ability to attend school, and made access to educational materials extremely difficult. Among the factors negatively affecting the educational performance of children living in a war environment are loss of motivation, limited internet access, and various difficulties encountered in the distance learning process. From a psychosocial perspective, intense stress, anxiety, and depression have been observed in children; in addition, family support has been found to play an important role in increasing children's emotional resilience. The war has caused serious disruptions in children's social bonds, paving the way for psychosocial problems such as the breakdown of friendships and intensified feelings of loneliness. The study offers some possible strategic recommendations aimed at ensuring the sustainability of education processes in war zones. These recommendations include infrastructure improvements to ensure safe educational environments, trauma awareness training for teachers, the development of digital education opportunities when infrastructure conditions are suitable, and the expansion of psychosocial support programmes. Furthermore, it can be said that international support mechanisms have a critical importance in terms of their ability to intervene comprehensively in war zones.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• child psychology
• psychosocial support
• education in war
• Gazan children
• Israel-Gaza war

Kaynakça

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