Türkiye’de İşletmelerde Yapay Zekâ Kullanımı ve Geleceğe Dönük Yatırım Eğilimleri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 184 - 203, 30.10.2025

Kevser Şahinbaş

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1731629

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren firmaların yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojilerine yönelik mevcut uygulamalarını ve geleceğe dönük yatırım eğilimlerini etkileyen örgütsel ve teknolojik faktörleri ampirik olarak incelemektir. Çalışmanın teorik çerçevesi, Kaynak Bazlı Görüş (RBV), Yeniliklerin Yayılması Teorisi (DOI) ve Organizasyonel Atalet kavramları üzerine kurulmuştur. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’deki farklı sektörlerde çalışan bireyler oluşturmuş, küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ) ile büyük ölçekli firmalardan olmak üzere 241 firma çalışanına anket uygulanmıştır. Analiz birimi işletme olarak belirlenmiş olup, toplanan verilerde YZ kullanımı ve YZ yatırım düşüncesi dikotomik bağımlı değişkenler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hipotez testleri, lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, firmalarda kullanılan temel dijital teknolojilerin (ERP, CRM, RPA, İK Yazılımları vb. sayım değişkeni) sayısının, hem mevcut YZ kullanımı hem de gelecekteki YZ yatırım düşüncesi üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve beklenenin aksine negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çarpıcı bulgu, bir yeniliğin mevcut sistemlerle uyumlu olmasının benimsemeyi artıracağını öne süren Yeniliklerin Yayılması Teorisi'nin beklentisiyle açıkça çelişmektedir. Ayrıca, firma büyüklüğü, sektör ve işletme deneyimi gibi Kaynak Bazlı Görüş teorisinin temelini oluşturan kurumsal değişkenler ise YZ benimseme ve yatırım kararları üzerinde anlamlı bir ilişki sergilememiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, yüksek düzeyde dijitalleşen firmaların, büyük altyapı yatırımlarını (ERP, CRM) yeni tamamlamış olmanın bir sonucu olarak bir tür Organizasyonel Atalet yaşadığını ve kaynaklarını YZ gibi daha ileri, radikal bir yeniliğe yönlendirmek yerine, mevcut sistemleri optimize etmeyi stratejik olarak ertelediğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, dijital altyapının niceliğinin, YZ için gerekli olan veri kalitesi ve kurumsal esneklik anlamına gelmediği çıkarımını güçlendirmektedir. Bu çalışma, dijitalleşme ile YZ kullanımı arasındaki geçiş süreçlerine dair somut ampirik veri sağlayarak, firmaların YZ entegrasyonu stratejilerini anlamaya yönelik önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. Bulgular, YZ başarısının finansal kaynaklardan ziyade, insan ve veri yetkinliklerine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir; bu da politika odağının YZ danışmanlığı ve eğitim programlarına kaydırılması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşletmelerde Yapay Zeka , Dijital Süreçler , Sektörel Analiz , Dijitalleşme , Teknoloji Kullanımı

Artificial Intelligence Use in Businesses in Türkiye and Future Investment Trends

Öz

The objective of this study is to empirically examine the organizational and technological factors that influence the current applications and future investment intentions of firms operating in various sectors in Turkey regarding artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The theoretical framework of the study is built upon the concepts of the Resource-Based View (RBV), the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and Organizational Inertia. The research population consisted of individuals working in various sectors in Turkey. A convenience sampling method was used to survey 241 employees from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large-scale firms. The unit of analysis was the firm, and AI use and AI investment consideration were defined as dichotomous dependent variables in the collected data. Hypothesis testing was conducted using logistic regression analysis. The analyses revealed that the number of core digital technologies employed by firms (count variables such as ERP, CRM, RPA, HR Software, etc.) had a statistically significant and, contrary to expectations, negative impact on both current AI use and future AI investment consideration. This striking finding clearly contradicts the expectation of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, which posits that an innovation's compatibility with existing systems will increase adoption. Furthermore, institutional variables underlying the Resource-Based View theory, such as firm size, industry, and business experience, did not exhibit a significant relationship on AI adoption and investment decisions. The results suggest that highly digitalized firms experience a form of organizational inertia as a result of having recently completed major infrastructure investments, and instead of allocating their resources to a more advanced, radical innovation such as AI, they strategically postpone optimizing existing systems. This finding reinforces the conclusion that the quantity of digital infrastructure does not necessarily translate into the data quality and organizational flexibility required for AI. By providing concrete empirical data on the transition processes between digitalization and AI adoption, this study makes a significant contribution to understanding firms' AI integration strategies. The findings suggest that AI success depends on human and data competencies rather than financial resources; This suggests that policy focus should shift to AI consulting and training programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence in Businesses , Digital Processes , Sectoral Analysis , Digitalization , Technology Use

Kaynakça

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