This study aims to investigate the total chemical component, biological activity and chromatographic analysis of the fruit extract of Styrax officinalis, obtained from local markets trading local products in the Gaziantep region. Methanol was used to extract the pericarp and seed samples that make up the fruit. Fruit pericarp extract with high phenolic content showed a significant capacity in all antioxidant activity analyses. No antibacterial activity of the extracts was observed against the standard strains used. Regarding phenolic acid content, the most abundant phenolic acid in the fruit pericarp extract was chrysin and t-cinnamic acid. In contrast, in the seed extract, it was t-cinnamic acid and quercetin. HPLC results revealed that succinic acid was the main component of organic acid contents in all extracts. The fact that the main components determined from all analyses have various strong pharmacological activities reveals the importance of the widespread use of S. officinalis.
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of stable free radical. Nature, 1199–1200. DOI: 10.1038/1811199a0
CLSI. (2012). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard, (11th ed.). CLSI document M02-A11, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA, 58p.
Dib, R., Makhoul, K. & Maalouf, R. (2016). Preliminary bioactivity investigation of Styrax officinalis fruit extract as potential biopesticide. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 8(12), 209-213. DOI: 10.5897/JPP2016.0422
Dinis, T.C., Madeira, V.M. & Almeida, L.M. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and assay peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161–169. DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
Faizan, M., Afzal, S., Ahmed, S.M., Faraz, A., Chen, C., Yu, F. & Hayat, S. (2022). Styrax: A review on its past and traditional uses. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 6(10), 41-44. DOI: 10.31080/ASAG.2022.06.1189
Gallardo-Guerrero, L., Perez-Galvez, A., Aranda, E., Minquez-Mosquera, M.I. & Hornero-Mendez, D. (2010). Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the dehydration processing of red pepper fruits for paprika production. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 43, 1359-1367. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.04.015
Gupta, M., Sasmal, S., Majumdar, S. & Mukherjee, A. (2012). HPLC profiles of standard phenolic compounds present in medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 4(3), 162-167.
He, Q., Sun, Y., Chen, X., Feng, J. & Liu, Y. (2023). Benzoin Resin: An overview on its production process, phytochemistry, traditional use and quality control. Plants, 12, 1-13. DOI: 10.3390/plants12101976
Jaradat, N. (2020). Phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological effects of the desert plant Styrax officinalis L. Journal of Arid Environments, 182, 1-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104253
Kalpoutzakis, E., Chatzimitakos, T., Athanasiadis, V., Mitakou, S., Aligiannis, N., Bozinou, E., Gortzi, O., Skaltsounis, L.A. & Lalas, S.I. (2023). Determination of the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from parts of plants from the Greek Island of Crete. Plants, 12, 1-15. DOI: 10.3390/plants12051092
Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction - Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6), 307–315. DOI: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
Owusu, E., Ahorlu, M.M., Afutu, E., Akumwena, A. & Asare, G.A. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal plants from a Sub-Saharan African Country against bacterial pathogens from post-operative wound infections. Medical Sciences, 9(2), 23:1-16. DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020023
Paşa, C. (2023). The use of Styrax officinalis L. in folk medicine and chemical composition. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 17(03), 086–089. DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2023.17.3.0462.
Proestos, C., Boziaris, I.S., Nychas, G.J.E. & Komaitis, M. (2006). Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: Investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 95, 664–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.049
Rahman, M.M., Wang, X., Islam, M.R., Akash, S., Supti, F.A., Mitu, M.I., Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Aktar, M.N., Khatun Kali, M.S., Jahan, F.I., Singla, R.K., Shen, B., Rauf, A. & Sharma, R. (2022). Multifunctional role of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: At a glance. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 6(13), 1-23. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976385
Sejahtera Naiborhu, S.M, Manurung, A., Martgrita, M.M. (2021). The study of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Styrax leaves fermentation by Aspergillus niger. 4th International Conference on Life Sciences and Biotechnology (ICOLIB 2021), Atlantis Press, 2022, 79-87. DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-062-6_9
Sharma, S. & Vig, A.P. (2013). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata l. leaves. The Scientific World Journal, 1, 2–7. DOI: 10.1155/2013/604865
Stanković, M.S (2011). Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of Marrubium peregrinum l. extracts. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 33, 63-72.
Stompor-Gorący, M., Bajek-Bil, A. & Machaczka, M. (2021). Chrysin: Perspectives on contemporary status and future possibilities as pro-health agent. Nutrients, 13, 1-17. DOI: 10.3390/nu13062038.
Timmers, M.A., Guerrero-Medina, J.L., Esposito, D., Grace, M.H., Paredes-López, O., García-Saucedo, P.A. & Lila, M.A. (2015). Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from 463
Mamuyo (Styrax ramirezii Greenm.) fruit. Journal of Agriculturel and Food Chemistry, 63(48), 10459-65. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04781.
Ucan Turkmen, F. & Mercimek Takci, H.A. (2018). Ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B lights effect on black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) juice. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12, 1038–1046. DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9719-2
Yaşar, S., Demir, F., & Karatepe, Y. (2016). Bazı maki türlerinin kimyasal içeriği ve fenolik ekstraktifleri üzerine araştırmalar. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 17(2), 187-193.
Zengin, G., Sarikurkcu, C., Aktumsek, A. & Ceylan, R. (2014). Sideritis galatica Bornm.: A source of multifunctional agents for the management of oxidative damage, Alzheimer’s and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Functional Foods, 11, 538–547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.011 Zhang, Q-W., Lin, L-G. & Ye, W-C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine, 13(20), 1-26. DOI: 10.1186/13020-018-0177-x
Zong, Y., Li, J., Sun, W., Liu, G., Lu, J. & Shan, G. (2016). Determination of succinic acid in desvenlafaxine succinate by high performance ion-exclusion chromatography and high performance ion-exchange chromatography. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 34(2), 189-193. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2015.08017
Styrax officinalis Meyve Özütünün Toplam Kimyasal Bileşenler, Biyolojik Aktivite ve Kromotografik Analizleri
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gaziantep bölgesindeki yöresel ürünlerin ticaretini yapan yerel marketlerden temin edilen Styrax officinalis’in meyve özütünün toplam kimyasal bileşenini, biyolojik aktivitesini ve kromatografik analizini araştırmaktır. Meyveyi oluşturan perikarp ve tohum örneklerini ekstrakte etmek için metanol kullanılmıştır. Yüksek fenolik içeriğe sahip meyve perikarp özütü tüm antioksidan aktivite analizlerinde önemli ölçüde bir kapasite göstermiştir. Özütlerin kullanılan standart suşlara karşı herhangi bir antibakteriyal aktivitesi gözlenememiştir. Fenolik asit içeriği bakımından meyve perikarp özütünde en bol bulunan fenolik asit krizin ve t-sinamik asit iken, tohum üzütünde ise t-sinamik asit ve kuarsetin olmuştur. HPLC sonuçları, süksinik asitin tüm özütlerde organik asit içeriklerinin ana bileşeni olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yapılan tüm analizler sonucunda belirlenen temel bileşenlerin çeşitli güçlü farmakolojik aktivitelere sahip olması S. officinalis’in yaygın olarak kullanılmasının önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of stable free radical. Nature, 1199–1200. DOI: 10.1038/1811199a0
CLSI. (2012). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard, (11th ed.). CLSI document M02-A11, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA, 58p.
Dib, R., Makhoul, K. & Maalouf, R. (2016). Preliminary bioactivity investigation of Styrax officinalis fruit extract as potential biopesticide. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 8(12), 209-213. DOI: 10.5897/JPP2016.0422
Dinis, T.C., Madeira, V.M. & Almeida, L.M. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and assay peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161–169. DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
Faizan, M., Afzal, S., Ahmed, S.M., Faraz, A., Chen, C., Yu, F. & Hayat, S. (2022). Styrax: A review on its past and traditional uses. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 6(10), 41-44. DOI: 10.31080/ASAG.2022.06.1189
Gallardo-Guerrero, L., Perez-Galvez, A., Aranda, E., Minquez-Mosquera, M.I. & Hornero-Mendez, D. (2010). Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the dehydration processing of red pepper fruits for paprika production. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 43, 1359-1367. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.04.015
Gupta, M., Sasmal, S., Majumdar, S. & Mukherjee, A. (2012). HPLC profiles of standard phenolic compounds present in medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 4(3), 162-167.
He, Q., Sun, Y., Chen, X., Feng, J. & Liu, Y. (2023). Benzoin Resin: An overview on its production process, phytochemistry, traditional use and quality control. Plants, 12, 1-13. DOI: 10.3390/plants12101976
Jaradat, N. (2020). Phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological effects of the desert plant Styrax officinalis L. Journal of Arid Environments, 182, 1-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104253
Kalpoutzakis, E., Chatzimitakos, T., Athanasiadis, V., Mitakou, S., Aligiannis, N., Bozinou, E., Gortzi, O., Skaltsounis, L.A. & Lalas, S.I. (2023). Determination of the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from parts of plants from the Greek Island of Crete. Plants, 12, 1-15. DOI: 10.3390/plants12051092
Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction - Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6), 307–315. DOI: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
Owusu, E., Ahorlu, M.M., Afutu, E., Akumwena, A. & Asare, G.A. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal plants from a Sub-Saharan African Country against bacterial pathogens from post-operative wound infections. Medical Sciences, 9(2), 23:1-16. DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020023
Paşa, C. (2023). The use of Styrax officinalis L. in folk medicine and chemical composition. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 17(03), 086–089. DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2023.17.3.0462.
Proestos, C., Boziaris, I.S., Nychas, G.J.E. & Komaitis, M. (2006). Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: Investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 95, 664–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.049
Rahman, M.M., Wang, X., Islam, M.R., Akash, S., Supti, F.A., Mitu, M.I., Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Aktar, M.N., Khatun Kali, M.S., Jahan, F.I., Singla, R.K., Shen, B., Rauf, A. & Sharma, R. (2022). Multifunctional role of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: At a glance. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 6(13), 1-23. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976385
Sejahtera Naiborhu, S.M, Manurung, A., Martgrita, M.M. (2021). The study of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Styrax leaves fermentation by Aspergillus niger. 4th International Conference on Life Sciences and Biotechnology (ICOLIB 2021), Atlantis Press, 2022, 79-87. DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-062-6_9
Sharma, S. & Vig, A.P. (2013). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata l. leaves. The Scientific World Journal, 1, 2–7. DOI: 10.1155/2013/604865
Stanković, M.S (2011). Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of Marrubium peregrinum l. extracts. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 33, 63-72.
Stompor-Gorący, M., Bajek-Bil, A. & Machaczka, M. (2021). Chrysin: Perspectives on contemporary status and future possibilities as pro-health agent. Nutrients, 13, 1-17. DOI: 10.3390/nu13062038.
Timmers, M.A., Guerrero-Medina, J.L., Esposito, D., Grace, M.H., Paredes-López, O., García-Saucedo, P.A. & Lila, M.A. (2015). Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from 463
Mamuyo (Styrax ramirezii Greenm.) fruit. Journal of Agriculturel and Food Chemistry, 63(48), 10459-65. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04781.
Ucan Turkmen, F. & Mercimek Takci, H.A. (2018). Ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B lights effect on black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) juice. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12, 1038–1046. DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9719-2
Yaşar, S., Demir, F., & Karatepe, Y. (2016). Bazı maki türlerinin kimyasal içeriği ve fenolik ekstraktifleri üzerine araştırmalar. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 17(2), 187-193.
Zengin, G., Sarikurkcu, C., Aktumsek, A. & Ceylan, R. (2014). Sideritis galatica Bornm.: A source of multifunctional agents for the management of oxidative damage, Alzheimer’s and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Functional Foods, 11, 538–547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.011 Zhang, Q-W., Lin, L-G. & Ye, W-C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine, 13(20), 1-26. DOI: 10.1186/13020-018-0177-x
Zong, Y., Li, J., Sun, W., Liu, G., Lu, J. & Shan, G. (2016). Determination of succinic acid in desvenlafaxine succinate by high performance ion-exclusion chromatography and high performance ion-exchange chromatography. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 34(2), 189-193. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2015.08017
Sak, S., Sümengen Özdenefe, M., Erol, Ü. H., Mercimek Takcı, A. (2024). Total Chemical Components, Biological Activity and Chromatographic Analyzes of Styrax officinalis Fruit Extract. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 9(3), 457-463. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1511075
JAES/AAS-Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences/Anatolian Academic Sciences&Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Dergisi/Anadolu Akademik Bilimler-AÇEH/AAS