Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi Karşısında Akademisyenler ve Öğrenciler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 21, 129 - 161, 21.03.2023

Serkan Sarıtaş , Yusuf Badavan

https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.1218275

Öz

Dördüncü sanayi devriminin, toplumun bütün sistemleri üzerinde etkileri olduğu gibi eğitim üzerinde de etkilerinin olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Bu devrimle ortaya çıkan “Eğitim 4.0” ve “Üniversite 4.0” kavramları bağlamında eğitim ve öğretim süreçlerinin daha fazla otonom bir şekilde yönetildiği görülmektedir. Bu gelişmeler, üniversitelerin önemli parçaları olan akademisyenleri ve öğrencileri de etkilemektedir. Alanyazın taraması yöntemiyle yürütülen araştırmada dördüncü sanayi devriminin üniversite öğrencileri ve akademisyenler bakımından yansımaları ile akademik kapitalizm konusu ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre dördüncü sanayi devrimi; akademisyenler bakımından, daha fazla performans baskısı, daha güvencesiz çalışma, yükseköğretimin metalaşması ve ticarileşmesi; öğrenciler bakımından ise istihdam edilmeme riskinin artması, sürekli öğrenme, yetkinliklerini devamlı güncelleme ve geliştirme gibi durumların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Çalışma ile akademisyenlerin ve öğrencilerin dijital yetkinliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve sürekli güncellenmesi, akademisyenlerin patent alma ve ar-ge süreçlerine katılım konularında bilinçlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi, Endüstri 4.0, Eğitim 4.0, Üniversite 4.0

Academics and Unıversity Students Against the Industry 4.0

Öz

It is observed that the fourth industrial revolution has effects on education as it has effects on all systems of society. In the context of the concepts of "Education 4.0" and "University 4.0" that emerged with this revolution, it is seen that education and training processes are managed more autonomously. These developments also affect academics and students, who are important parts of universities. In this study, the reflections of the fourth industrial revolution on university students and academics and the issue of academic capitalism were discussed. According to the results of the study, the fourth industrial revolution has led to more performance pressure, more precarious work, commodification and commercialization of higher education for academics, and increased risk of not being employed, continuous learning, continuous updating and development of competencies for students. With this study, it is recommended that the digital competencies of academics and students should be developed and continuously updated, and academics should be made aware of patenting and participation in R&D processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0, Education 4.0, University 4.0, Endüstri 4.0

Kaynakça

• Aktan, C. C. (2022). Mübtezel kalabalık. Konya: LiteraTürk Academia.
• Aladyshkin, I. V., Kulik, S. V., Odinokaya, M. A., Safonova, A. S., & Kalmykova, S. V. (2020). Development of electronic information and educational environment of the university 4.0 and prospects of integration of engineering education and humanities. Z. Anikina (Ed.), Integrating engineering education and humanities for global ıntercultural perspectives (s. 659-671). New York: Springer.
• Atalay, S. (2019). Akademik taylorizm, performans yönetimi ve akademik üretimde niceliğin önemi: Akademisyenler üzerine niteliksel bir çalışma. SEFAD, 42, 291-322.
• Aydın-Turan, Ş., Dil, E., & Memiş-Sağır, P. (2019). Performans odaklı bir üniversitede akademisyenlerin çalışma deneyimleri. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(33), 59-84.
• Bok, D. (2007). Piyasa ortamında üniversiteler. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
• Böğrekci, İ. (2019). Sanayi 4.0 ve sensör dünyası. K. Çetinkaya, P. Demircioğlu, K. Özsoy, & B. Duman (Eds.), Sanayi 4.0 teknolojik alanları ve uygulamaları (s. 71-91). Ankara: Pegem.
• Bretza, L., Klinkner, F., Kandler, M., Shun, Y., & Lanza, G. (2022). The ECO maturity model – a human-centered industry 4.0 maturity model. 9th CIRP Conference on Assembly Technology and Systems. 2022, (s. 90-95). Elsevier.
• Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy. Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press.
• Deem, R. (2001). Globalisation, new managerialism, academic capitalism and entrepreneurialism in universities: Is the local dimension still important? Comparative Education, 37(1), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050060020020408
• Demircioğlu, P. (2019). Sanayi 4.0 ve ar-ge-tasarım merkezleri. K. Çetinkaya, P. Demircioğlu, K. Özsoy, & B. Duman (Eds.), Sanayi 4.0 teknolojik alanları ve uygulamaları (s. 123-152). Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Educase. (2020). 2020 EDUCAUSE horizon report: Teaching and learning edition. Educase. https://library.educause.edu//media/files/library/2020/3/2020_horizon_report_pdf.pdf
• Ellahi, R. M., Khan, M. U., & Shah, A. (2019). Redesigning curriculum in line with industry 4.0. Procedia Computer Science, 151, 699-708.
• Ercan, F. (1998). Eğitim ve kapitalizm: Neo-liberal eğitim ekonomisinin eleştirisi. İstanbul: Bilim Yayıncılık. Erdoğdu, M. M., & Akar, S. (2020). Dördüncü sanayi devrimi çerçevesinde koşulsuz temel gelir: Türkiye için bir değerlendirme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 15(3), 903-924. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.613200
• FICCI, & Young, E. &. (2017). Leapfrogging to education 4.0: Student at the core. New Delhi: FICCI; Ernst & Young.
• Fikirli, Ö., & Çetin, A. K. (2017). İktisadi doktrinde Schumpeteryan yaratıcı yıkımdan yaratıcı birikime. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, 6(1), 27-64.
• Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2013, September 17). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation. Oxford, UK. 11 25, 2020 tarihinde https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf
• Giesenbauer, B., & Müller-Christ, G. (2020). University 4.0: Promoting the transformation of higher education institutions toward sustainable development. Sustainability, 12, 3371-3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083371
• Gleason, N. (2018). Higher education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Gözler, K. (2019, Kasım 29). Akademinin değersizleşmesi üzerine. Türk Anayasa Hukuk Sitesi. http://www.anayasa.gen.tr/degersizlesme.htm
• Gray, A. (2016, January 19). The 10 skills you need to thrive in the fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-10-skills-you-need-to-thrive-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/
• Gueye, M. L., & Exposito, E. (2020). University 4.0: The industry 4.0 paradigm applied to education. IX Congreso Nacional de Tecnologías en la Educación. Puebla. https://hal-univ-pau.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02957371
• Hong, C., & Ma, W. W. (2020). Introduction: Education 4.0: Applied degree education and the future of work. C. Hong, & W. W. Ma (Eds.), Applied degree education and the future of work: Education 4.0 (s. 1-13). Singapore: Springer.
• Islam, A. (2022). Industry 4.0: Skill set for employability. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100280
• it's OWL, C. (2016). On the road to industry 4.0: Technology transfer in the SME sector. Paderborn: it's OWL, Clustermanagement. https://www.its-owl.com/fileadmin/PDF/Informationsmaterialien/2017-Technology_Transfer_web.pdf
• Johannessen, J.-A. (2019). The workplace of the future: The fourth industrial revolution, the precariat and the death of hierarchies. New York: Routledge.
• Kayembe, C., & Nel, D. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for education in the fourth ındustrial revolution. African Journal of Public Affairs, 11(3), 79-94.
• Keele, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering (Version 2.3 b.). Keele: Keele University and University of Durham. https://www.elsevier.com/__data/promis_misc/525444systematicreviewsguide.pdf
• Kusmin, K.-L., Tammets, K., & Ley, T. (2018). University-industry interoperability framework for developing the future competences of industry 4.0. Interaction Design and Architecture(s) Journal, (38), 28-45. https://doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-038-002
• Lapteva, A., & Efimov, V. (2016). New generation of universities: University 4.0. Journal of Siberian Federal University, 11(9), 2681-2696.
• Lena-Dominelli, A. H. (1996). Globalization, contract government and the taylorization of intellectual labour in academia. Studies in Political Economy, Spring(49), 71-100.
• Lenzen, D. (2015). University of the world: A case for a world university system. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
• Liyanage, S. I., & Netswera, F. G. (2021). Greening universities with mode 3 and quintuple helix model of innovation–production of knowledge and innovation in knowledge based economy, Botswana. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00769-y
• Michalski, A., Głodziński, E., & Bӧde, K. (2022). Lean construction management techniques and BIM technology - systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 1036-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.107
• Miranda, J., Navarrete, C., Noguez, J., Molina-Espinosa, J.-M., Ramírez-Montoya, M.-S., Navarro-Tuch, S. A., . . . Molina, A. (2021). The core components of education 4.0 in higher education: Three case studies in engineering education. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 93, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107278
• Mrig, A., & Sanaghan, P. (2018). The Future of Higher Education. Academic Impressions. Oğuzhan, Ö. (2013). Neoliberal politikaların üniversitelere etkisi ve bir praksis çabası olarak "neden?". Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition, 3(6), 102-119.
• Özgün, Y. (2010). Bologna süreci'nin etkileri üzerine bir analiz. İktisat Dergisi, 506-507, 66-74.
• Penprase, E. (2018). The fourth industrial revolution and higher education. N. W. Gleason (Ed.), Higher education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution (s. 207-229). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Peters, M. A. (2017). Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial revolution. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49(1), 1-6.
• Plattform Industrie 4.0. (2014). Plattform industrie 4.0. 2022 May. Retrieved from https://www.plattform-i40.de/PI40/Navigation/EN/ThePlatform/Background/background.html
• Reischauer, G. (2018). Industry 4.0 as policy-driven discourse to institutionalize innovation systems in manufacturing. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 132, 26-33.
• Schwab, K. (2016). World Economic Forum: The fourth industrial revolution: what it means, how to respond. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
• Shahroom, A. A., & Hussin, N. (2018). Industrial revolution 4.0 and education. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9), 314-319.
• Teixeria, J. E., & Tavares-Lehmann, A. (2022). Industry 4.0 in the European Union: Policies and national strategies. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 180, 1-12.
• Timur, T. (2000). Toplumsal değişme ve üniversiteler. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
• TÜSİAD. (2016). Türkiye'nin küresel rekabetçiliği için bir gereklilik olarak sanayi 4.0: Gelişmekte olan ekonomi perspektifi. İstanbul: TÜSİAD. 2021 Nisan. Retrieved from https://www.ydd.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/TUSIAD-sanayi-40_1.pdf
• UoF, U. o. (2022). Universities of the future. 2022 January. Retrieved from https://universitiesofthefuture.eu/
• Vatansever, A., & Yalçın, M. G. (2015). Ne ders olsa veririz: Akademisyenin vasıfsız işçiye dönüşümü. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• WEF, W. E. (2016). The future of jobs: Employment, skills and workforce strategy for the fourth industrial revolution. Davos: World Economic Forum. 2021 June. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf
• Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112.
• Xing, B., Marwala, L., & Marwala, T. (2018). Adopt fast, adapt quick: Adaptive approaches in the South African context. N. W. Gleason (Ed.), Higher education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution (s. 171-206). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Xu, X., Lu, Y., Vogel-Heuser, B., & Wang, L. (2021). Industry 4.0 and industry 5.0—Inception, conception and perception. Journal of Manufacturing Systems (61), 530-535.