From Thermal Processing to Pancreatic Cell Damage: Assessing Acrylamide as a Foodborne Contaminant on Oxidative Stress

Öz

Acrylamide is an ingredient generated by the Maillard reaction in thermally processed foods. As a ubiquitous contaminant, acrylamide is considered a significant public health risk due to the potential for cumulative dietary exposure across the general population. The pancreas is particularly vulnerable to such foodborne toxins owing to its relatively low intrinsic antioxidant defense capacity and critical metabolic roles. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic, proliferative, and oxidative effects of acrylamide exposure on healthy human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (hTERT-HPNE) in vitro. After exposing hTERT-HPNE cells to several concentrations (0.5-1-1.5 mM) of acrylamide, cell viability was assessed using the MTT test; the prolonged proliferative effects of acrylamide and its ability to form colonies were analyzed by clonogenic assay. The Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) were assessed via colorimetric methods to identify alterations in the cellular redox equilibrium. MTT assays indicated that acrylamide induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in hTERT-HPNE cells, with a significant reduction in cell viability (p < 0.05) observed at doses of 1 mM and higher. The clonogenic assay results indicated that acrylamide diminished the colony-forming capability of cells, even at low concentrations, and that extended exposure curtailed proliferative potential. Biochemical tests indicated a statistically significant elevation in TOS values and a reduction in TAS values corresponding to the increment in acrylamide dosage. Oxidative stress was identified as the principal catalyst of cellular damage, especially at concentrations exceeding the 1 mM threshold. This study contributes to the relatively limited literature by demonstrating the direct toxic effects of acrylamide on healthy pancreatic cells, specifically focusing on the TAS/TOS and clonogenicity axes. Our data indicate that acrylamide exposure may result in damage to pancreatic cells and facilitate oxidative stress-induced cell death and carcinogenesis, underscoring the necessity of monitoring dietary acrylamide as a priority for public health risk evaluations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acrylamide
• hTERT-HPNE
• Cytotoxicity
• Oxidative Stress

Destekleyen Kurum

There is no financial support available.

Etik Beyan

No ethics committee approval is required for this study. The wet-signed consent form has been added to the article process file.

Teşekkür

I thank to Prof.Dr. Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu for her valuable help and kind guidance.

Termal İşlemden Pankreas Hücre Hasarına: Oksidatif Stres Üzerinde Gıda Kaynaklı Bir Kontaminant Olarak Akrilamidin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Akrilamid, termal olarak işlenmiş gıdalarda Maillard reaksiyonu sonucu oluşan bir bileşiktir. Yaygın bir kirletici olan akrilamid, genel nüfus üzerinde birikimli beslenme maruziyeti potansiyeli nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı riski olarak kabul edilmektedir. Pankreas, nispeten düşük içsel antioksidan savunma kapasitesi ve kritik metabolik rolleri nedeniyle bu tür gıda kaynaklı toksinlere karşı özellikle savunmasızdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akrilamid maruziyetinin sağlıklı insan pankreas kanal epitel hücreleri (hTERT-HPNE) üzerindeki sitotoksik, proliferatif ve oksidatif etkilerini in vitro düzeyde incelemektir. hTERT-HPNE hücrelerinin farklı konsantrasyonlarda (0.5-1-1.5 mM) akrilamid maruziyeti sonrasında hücre canlılığı MTT analizi ile belirlenmiş; akrilamidin uzun dönemli proliferatif etkileri ve koloni oluşturma kapasitesi klonojenik assay ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hücresel redoks dengesindeki değişimleri saptamak amacıyla Total Antioksidan Seviye (TAS) ve Total Oksidan Seviye (TOS) kolorimetrik yöntemlerle ölçülmüştür. MTT sonuçları, akrilamidin hTERT-HPNE hücrelerinde doz bağımlı bir sitotoksisiteye neden olduğunu ve hücre canlılığının 1 mM ve üzeri dozlarda anlamlı derecede (p < 0.05) azaldığını göstermiştir. Klonojenik assay bulguları, akrilamidin düşük dozlarda bile hücrelerin koloni oluşturma yeteneğini baskıladığını ve uzun süreli maruziyetin proliferatif kapasiteyi inhibe ettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Biyokimyasal analizlerde, akrilamid dozundaki artışa paralel olarak TOS değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış, TAS değerlerinde ise azalma kaydedilmiştir. Özellikle 1 mM eşik dozundan itibaren oksidatif stresin hücresel hasarın birincil tetikleyicisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma; akrilamidin sağlıklı pankreas hücreleri üzerindeki doğrudan toksik etkilerini, özellikle TAS/TOS ve klonojeniklik eksenlerine odaklanarak göstererek, nispeten sınırlı olan literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Verilerimiz, akrilamid maruziyetinin pankreas hücrelerine zarar verebileceğini ve oksidatif stresin neden olduğu hücre ölümünü ve karsinojenezi kolaylaştırabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu da halk sağlığı risk değerlendirmelerinde beslenme kaynaklı akrilamidin izlenmesinin öncelikli bir konu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akrilamid
• hTERT-HPNE
• Sitotoksisite
• Oksidatif stres

Destekleyen Kurum

Mali destek bulunmamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir. Islak imzalı onay formu makale işlem dosyasına eklenmiştir.

Teşekkür

Prof. Dr. Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu'na değerli yardımları ve nazik rehberliği için teşekkür ederim.

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