Araştırma Makalesi
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Relationship between Bullying Behaviors, Anxiety and Social Anxiety in Children

Yıl 2023, , 211 - 247, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.54558/jiss.1192470

Öz

Purpose: Peer bullying is a global problem. Peer bullying, which can take various forms such as name-calling, ostracism, gossiping, damaging one's property, hitting or pushing, is a persistent problem in school children's lives that affects all exposed students (i.e. bully, victim, and bystander). Bullying is when someone who feels powerful/superior to others for whatever reason, uses their "power" in an aggressive way to target another person they see as somehow weaker/vulnerable than they are, with repeated, deliberate, unwanted words or actions. Victims who are targets of bullies are either physically or emotionally hurt and find it difficult to stop what is happening to them on their own. Being bullied by peers it can have short- and long-term negative consequences for all individuals exposed to the events. When bullying incidents are not intervened at the schools, the effects of bullying continue into adulthood. For this reason, it is important to investigate bullying behaviors experienced from an early age and the relationship between children's anxiety and social anxiety levels for developing policies and intervention programs to prevent peer bullying. The aim of this study is to determine the type and frequency of peer bullying behaviors in Cankiri and to examine the relationship between peer bullying and children's anxiety and social anxiety levels.
Method: The research was conducted with cluster sampling method in two primary schools and on 590 students. Data were collected using the Peer Bullying Scale Child Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised Form. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program through descriptive analyses. type of bullying, and in case of bullying, the victims mostly get help from their family or an adult at school.
Findings: In the study, it was found that approximately one fourth of primary school students were exposed to peer bullying, and victim and bullying behaviors differed according to gender, chronic illness, divorce of parents and grade level. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between victim scores and bullying, trait anxiety and social anxiety scores.
Implications: Regular examination of bullying behaviors in schools and teaching victims and bystanders what to do in case of bullying can reduce bullying-related depression and anxiety.
Originality: The research is the first study on the frequency of peer bullying in Çankırı.

Proje Numarası

EF0150219B07

Kaynakça

  • Adıkutlu, O. (2019). Policy landscape in Turkey on school bullying an exploration of main issues and shortcomings from a socio-ecological perspective. Unpublished Thesis. Middle East Technical University, The Graduate School of Social Sciences. Ankara.
  • Ardiavianti, L., Efendi, F., Kurnia, I., & Hsieh, P. (2018). Relationship between Bullying and Social Anxiety and Withdrawal among Adolescents. In Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference (INC 2018), pp. 146-149. DOI: 10.5220/0008321801460149
  • Baldo Moraes, R., Knorst, J. K., Brondani, B., Baldo Marques, B., de Sousa Reis, M., Henriqson, D., & Ardenghi, T. M. (2021). Relationship between gingival bleeding and associated factors with reports of verbal bullying in adolescents. Journal of Periodontology,92(2), 225-233.
  • Chester, K. L., Spencer, N. H., Whiting, L., & Brooks, F. M. (2017). Association between experiencing relational bullying and adolescent health‐related quality of life. Journal of school health, 87 (11), 865-872.
  • Craig WM. 1993. Naturalistic observations of bullies and victims in the school yard. Unpublished PhD thesis, York University (Canada).
  • Cuncic, A. (2020). Effects of Bullying on a Child with Social Anxiety. https://www.verywellmind.com/bullying-effects-social-anxiety-child-3024250 de Jong, P.J., Sportel, B.E., de Hullu, E., & Nauta, M.H. (2012). Co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression symptom in adolescence: Differential links with implicit and explicit self-esteem? Psychological Medicine, 42 (3), 475–484.
  • Ditch the Label (2020). The Annual Bullying Survey 2020. https://www.ditchthelabel.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/The- Annual-Bullying-Survey-2020-2.pdf
  • Doğan-Ateş, A., & Yağmurlu, B. (2010). Examining victimization in Turkish schools. European Journal of Educational Studies, 2(1), 31-37.
  • Doumas, D.M., & Midgett, A. (2021) The association between witnessing cyberbullying and depressive symptoms and social anxiety among elementary school students. Psychology in the Schools, 58, 622–637. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22467
  • Due, P., Holstein, B. E., Lynch, J, Diderichesen, F., Gabhain, S.N., Scheidt, P., Currie, C., & The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Bullying Working Group. (2005). Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: international comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries. European Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 128-132.
  • Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I.M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior, Health Education Research Theory & Practice, 20(1), 81-91.
  • Fitzpatrick, K. M., Dulin, A. J., & Piko, B. F. (2007). Not just pushing and shoving: School bullying among African American adolescents. Journal of School Health, 77(1), 16-22.
  • Fox, K.R., Millner, A.J., & Franklin, J.C. (2016). Classifying nonsuicidal overdoses: Nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide attempts, or neither? Psychiatry Research, 244, 235–242.
  • Gaffney, H., Ttofi, M.M., Farrington, D.P. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of school-bullying prevention programs: An updated meta-analytical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 111–133.
  • Galal, Y. S., Emadeldin, M., & Mwafy, M. A. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of bullying and victimization among school students in rural Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 94(1), 1-12.
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Çocuklarda Zorbalık Davranışları, Kaygı ve Sosyal Kaygı Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2023, , 211 - 247, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.54558/jiss.1192470

Öz

Öz
Amaç: Akran zorbalığı küresel bir sorundur. İsim takma, dışlama, dedikodu yapma, malına zarar verme, vurma veya itme gibi çeşitli şekillerde olabilen akran zorbalığı, okul çağındaki çocukların deneyimlediği, maruz kalan tüm öğrencileri -zorba, kurban ve seyircileri- etkileyen süreğen bir sorundur. Zorbalık, herhangi bir nedenle kendini başkalarından güçlü/ üstün hisseden bir kişinin, kendisinden bir şekilde daha zayıf/ savunmasız gördüğü bir kişiyi tekrar tekrar, kasıtlı, istenmeyen söz veya eylemlerle hedef alarak "gücünü" saldırgan bir şekilde kullanmasıdır. Zorbaların hedefi olan kurbanlar ya fiziksel ya da duygusal olarak incinirler ve başlarına gelenleri kendi başlarına durdurmakta zorlanırlar. Akranlar tarafından zorbalığa uğramak, olaylara maruz kalan tüm bireyler için kısa ve uzun vadeli olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilir. Okullarda zorbalık olaylarına müdahale edilmediğinde, zorbalığın etkileri yetişkinlikte de devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle erken yaşlardan itibaren deneyimlenen zorbalık davranışları ve bunların çocukların kaygı ve sosyal anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması akran zorbalığını önleyici politika ve müdahale programları geliştirilmesi için önemlidir. Araştırmada akran zorbalığı davranışlarının türü ve sıklığı belirlenerek yaşanan akran zorbalığının çocukların kaygı ve sosyal anksiyete düzeyleriyle ilişkisi Çankırı örnekleminde incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: Araştırma küme örnekleme yöntemiyle iki ilkokulda ve 590 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Veriler Akran Zorbalığı Ölçeği Çocuk Formu, Çocuklar İçin Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ve Çocuklar için Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler betimsel analizler yoluyla SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmada ilkokul öğrencilerinin yaklaşık dörtte birinin akran zorbalığına maruz kaldığı, kurban ve zorbalık davranışları cinsiyete, kronik rahatsızlığa, ebeveynlerin boşanmış olmasına ve sınıf düzeyine göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, kurban puanları ile zorbalık, sürekli kaygı ve sosyal anksiyete puanları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Okullarda zorbalık davranışlarının düzenli olarak incelenmesi ve kurban ve seyircilere zorbalık durumunda neler yapabileceklerinin öğretilmesi zorbalıkla ilişkili depresyon ve kaygının azalmasını sağlayabilir.
Özgünlük: Araştırma Çankırı’da akran zorbalığı sıklığı üzerine yapılan ilk çalışmadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Proje Numarası

EF0150219B07

Kaynakça

  • Adıkutlu, O. (2019). Policy landscape in Turkey on school bullying an exploration of main issues and shortcomings from a socio-ecological perspective. Unpublished Thesis. Middle East Technical University, The Graduate School of Social Sciences. Ankara.
  • Ardiavianti, L., Efendi, F., Kurnia, I., & Hsieh, P. (2018). Relationship between Bullying and Social Anxiety and Withdrawal among Adolescents. In Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference (INC 2018), pp. 146-149. DOI: 10.5220/0008321801460149
  • Baldo Moraes, R., Knorst, J. K., Brondani, B., Baldo Marques, B., de Sousa Reis, M., Henriqson, D., & Ardenghi, T. M. (2021). Relationship between gingival bleeding and associated factors with reports of verbal bullying in adolescents. Journal of Periodontology,92(2), 225-233.
  • Chester, K. L., Spencer, N. H., Whiting, L., & Brooks, F. M. (2017). Association between experiencing relational bullying and adolescent health‐related quality of life. Journal of school health, 87 (11), 865-872.
  • Craig WM. 1993. Naturalistic observations of bullies and victims in the school yard. Unpublished PhD thesis, York University (Canada).
  • Cuncic, A. (2020). Effects of Bullying on a Child with Social Anxiety. https://www.verywellmind.com/bullying-effects-social-anxiety-child-3024250 de Jong, P.J., Sportel, B.E., de Hullu, E., & Nauta, M.H. (2012). Co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression symptom in adolescence: Differential links with implicit and explicit self-esteem? Psychological Medicine, 42 (3), 475–484.
  • Ditch the Label (2020). The Annual Bullying Survey 2020. https://www.ditchthelabel.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/The- Annual-Bullying-Survey-2020-2.pdf
  • Doğan-Ateş, A., & Yağmurlu, B. (2010). Examining victimization in Turkish schools. European Journal of Educational Studies, 2(1), 31-37.
  • Doumas, D.M., & Midgett, A. (2021) The association between witnessing cyberbullying and depressive symptoms and social anxiety among elementary school students. Psychology in the Schools, 58, 622–637. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22467
  • Due, P., Holstein, B. E., Lynch, J, Diderichesen, F., Gabhain, S.N., Scheidt, P., Currie, C., & The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Bullying Working Group. (2005). Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: international comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries. European Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 128-132.
  • Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I.M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior, Health Education Research Theory & Practice, 20(1), 81-91.
  • Fitzpatrick, K. M., Dulin, A. J., & Piko, B. F. (2007). Not just pushing and shoving: School bullying among African American adolescents. Journal of School Health, 77(1), 16-22.
  • Fox, K.R., Millner, A.J., & Franklin, J.C. (2016). Classifying nonsuicidal overdoses: Nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide attempts, or neither? Psychiatry Research, 244, 235–242.
  • Gaffney, H., Ttofi, M.M., Farrington, D.P. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of school-bullying prevention programs: An updated meta-analytical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 111–133.
  • Galal, Y. S., Emadeldin, M., & Mwafy, M. A. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of bullying and victimization among school students in rural Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 94(1), 1-12.
  • Gini G., & Pozzoli T. (2009). Association between bullying and psychosomatic problems: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 123(3),1059–1065.
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  • Lereya, S.T., Copeland, W.E., Costello, E.J., & Wolke, D. (2015). Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: Two cohorts in two countries. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(6),524–531.
  • Litwiller, B. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2013). Cyber bullying and physical bullying in adolescent suicide: the role of violent behavior and substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 675-684.
  • Menesini, E., Eslea, M., Smith, P. K., Genta, M. L., Giannetti, E., Fonzi, A., & Costabile, A. (1997). Cross-national comparison of children’s attitudes towards bully/victim problems in school. Aggressive Behavior, 23, 245–57.
  • Midgett, A., & Doumas, D.M. (2019). Witnessing bullying at school: the association between being a bystander and anxiety and depressive symptoms. School Mental Health,11,454–463 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-019-09312-6
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  • Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M.D., Haynie, D.L., Ruan, W.J., & Scheidt, P.C. (2003). Relationships between bullying and violence among US youth. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 157(4),348–353
  • Nansel, T. R., Craig, W., Overpeck, M. D., Saluja, G., & Ruan, W. J. (2004). Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Bullying Analyses Working Group. Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviors and psychosocial adjustment. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(8), 730–736. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.8.730
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  • Novalia, R. (2016). Dampak Bullying Terhadap Kondisi Pisikososial anak di perkampungan sosial pingit. (The Impact of Bullying on the Psychosocial Condition of Children in the Pingit Social Village.) Unpublished Thesis, Uin Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
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  • Olafsen, R. & Viemerö, V. (2000). Bully/victim problems and coping with stress in school among 10- to 12-year-old pupils in Åland, Finland. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 57–65.
  • Olweus, D. (1987). Bully/victims Problems Among Schoolchildren in Scandinavia. J.P. Myklebust, R. Ommundsen (Eds.), Psykologprofesjonen mot ar 2000, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway, pp. 395-413.
  • Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In: Pepler, D. and Rubin, K. (Eds) The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
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  • Pabian, S., & Vandebosch, H. (2015). An investigation of short-term longitudinal associations between social anxiety and victimization and perpetration of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 328–339.
  • Pepler,D., Jiang, D., Craig, W., & Connolly, J. (2008). Developmental Trajectories of Bullying and Associated Factors. Child Development, 79(2), 325-338. PISA. (2019). 2018 Türkiye Ön Raporu. 2020http://www.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_12/03105347_PISA_2018_Turkiye_On_Raporu.pdf.
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  • Pörhölä, M., Almonkari, M., & Kunttu, K. (2019). Bullying and social anxiety experiences in university learning situations. Social Psychology of Education, 22(3), 723-742.
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  • Radwan, N., Abd-Ellatif, E. E., & Abu-Elenin, M. (2021). bullying and associated common health manifestations among primary school children in Tanta city, Egypt. The Egyptian Family Medicine Journal, 5(2), 4-19.
  • Ranta, K., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Fröjd, S., & Marttunen, M. (2013). Peer victimization and social phobia: A follow-up study among adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,48(4), 533-544.
  • Rivers, I., Poteat, V.P., Noret, N., & Ashurst, N. (2009). Observing bullying at school: The mental health implications of witness status. School Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 211–223.
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  • Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368–375. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021.
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  • Wu, X., Qi, J., & Zhen, R. (2021). Bullying victimization and adolescents' social anxiety: Roles of shame and self-esteem. Child Indicators Research, 14(2), 769-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09777-x
  • Yeager, D. S., Fong, C. J., Lee, H. Y., & Espelage, D. L. (2015). Declines in efficacy of anti-bullying programs among older adolescents: Theory and a three-level meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 37, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.11.005
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Özlem Yeşim Özbek Baştuğ 0000-0002-4222-4040

Pervin Oya Taneri 0000-0003-3482-3868

Proje Numarası EF0150219B07
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Kasım 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Özbek Baştuğ, Ö. Y., & Taneri, P. O. (2023). Çocuklarda Zorbalık Davranışları, Kaygı ve Sosyal Kaygı Arasındaki İlişki. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(2), 211-247. https://doi.org/10.54558/jiss.1192470