Seçilmiş Çevresel Faktörler ve İhracat İlişkisi: E7 Ülkeleri Örneği

Öz

Amaç: Çevresel faktörlerin ihracat üzerindeki etkileri ülkeler açısından stratejiktir. Çok sayıda çalışma ihracatın farklı makro ekonomik yönlerini değerlendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada E7 ülkelerinin kişi başına düşen karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonları ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi çevresel faktörleri temsil ederken, bu faktörlerin mal ve hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. E7 ülkeleri olarak bilinen Brezilya, Çin, Endonezya, Hindistan, Meksika, Rusya ve Türkiye hızlı sanayileşen ve çevre sorunları yaşayan ülkeler oldukları için bu ilişkinin ortaya konulması oldukça önemlidir. E7 ülkelerinin 1990-2021 dönemine ait çevresel faktörleri ve kişi başına düşen GSYİH’ları bağımsız değişken olarak, mal ve hizmet ihracatı bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada hem yatay kesit bağımlılığını hem de heterojeniteyi dikkate alan CCEMG yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ampirik sonuçlar karbondioksit emisyonu ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin ülke ihracatlarıyla pozitif ilişki içerisinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Politika yapıcılar için önerimiz çevre kirliliğine yol açmayan sürdürülebilir üretim ve ihracat gelişimini sağlayan uygulamalara öncelik vermeleridir. Özgünlük: E7 ülkeleri çevresel faktörlerinin ekonomik değişkenler ile ilişkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar mevcuttur. Ancak bu faktörlerin doğrudan ihracat üzerindeki etkisini değerlendiren çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma seçilmiş çevresel faktörler ile ihracat ilişkisine ampirik ve teorik çerçeve sunarak E7 ülkeleri ihracatı ile ilgili yeşil ekonomi kapsamında ele alınmayan yönleri daha iyi anlamamızı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İhracat
• karbon dioksit emisyonu
• yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi
• E7 ülkeleri
• panel veri analizi

Selected Environmental Factors and Export Relationship: The Case of E7 Countries

Öz

Aim: The impact of environmental factors on exports is strategic for countries. Numerous studies have evaluated different macroeconomic aspects of exports. In this study, per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and renewable energy consumption of the E7 countries represent environmental factors, and the effects of these factors on exports of goods and services are examined. Since the E7 countries – Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey – are rapidly industrializing countries facing environmental problems, revealing this relationship is crucial. Environmental factors and per capita GDP of the E7 countries for the period 1990-2021 are considered as independent variables, while exports of goods and services are considered as the dependent variable. Method: The study used the CCEMG method, which considers both cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. Results: The results of the study showed that carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy consumption are positively related to exports. Conclusion: Our recommendation for policymakers is to prioritize practices that ensure sustainable production and export development that do not lead to environmental pollution. Originality: Studies exist that examine the relationships between environmental factors and economic variables in E7 countries. However, there are no studies that directly evaluate the impact of these factors on exports. This study will provide an empirical and theoretical framework for the relationship between selected environmental factors and exports, enabling us to better understand aspects of E7 countries' exports that are not addressed within the scope of the green economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Export
• carbon dioxide emissions
• renewable energy consumption
• E7 countries
• panel data analysis

Kaynakça

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