The Effect of Lidocaine, Bupivacaine and Their Mixture on the Life-span of Fruit Flies

Öz

In this study, the effects of two anesthetic agents with different properties on the life span of

Drosophila melanogaster (fruit-fly) were investigated. There are very few studies on the effects of local anesthetics

in this organism. For this purpose, different doses of the local anesthetic agents (0.0625 %, 0.125 %, 0.25 % and

0.5 %) were applied to third stage larvae. The data obtained from control and test groups showed that there were

changes in the longevity of adults flies which grew from larvae to exposed to these agents. The present results

elucidated that although lidocaine and bupivacaine applications increased life span in parallel with an increase

in dose in female individuals compared to control (p<0.05). The mixture of these two local anesthetics affected

adversely mean life span, maximum mean life span.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bupivacaine,Drosophila melanogaster,lidocaine,the life span

Lidokain, Bupivakain ve Bunların Karışımının Meyve Sineklerinde Ömür Uzunluğu Üzerine Olan Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, farklı özelliklere sahip iki anestezik maddenin Drosophila melanogaster’de (meyve sineği)

ömür uzunluğu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu canlıda lokal anestezik maddelerin etkilerine yönelik oldukça az

sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Bu amaçla üçüncü evre larvalara lokal anestezik maddelerin farklı dozları (% 0.0625,

% 0.125, % 0.25 ve % 0.5) uygulanmıştır. Kontrol ve uygulama gruplarından elde edilen verilerdebu maddelere

maruz kalan larvalardan gelişen ergin sineklerin ömür uzunluğueğişikliklerine neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu

çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar lidokain ve bupivakain uygulamalarının dişi bireylerde ömür uzunluğunu kontrole

göre arttırdığını ortaya çıkarmıştır (p<0.05). Bu iki lokal anestezik maddenin karışımı ise ortalama ömür uzunluğu

ve maksimum ortalama ömür uzunluğu üzerine olumlu etki göstermemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bupivakain,Drosophila melanogaster,lidokain,ömür uzunluğu

Kaynakça

1. Altun D, 2007. Usnea longissima Ach. Likeninin Drosophila melanogaster’ in Çeşitli Gelişim Parametreleri ve Ömür Uzunluğu Üzerine Etkileri. Y.Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
2. Altun D, Uysal H, Aşkın H, and Ayar A, 2011. Determination of the effects of genistein on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera; Drosophilidae). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 86 (1), 120-123.
3. Angerame MR, Hart GP, Odum SM, Springer BD, 2018. Are reinfusion drains safe to use with periarticular liposomal bupivacaine? An analysis of systemic bupivacaine toxicity. Arthroplasty Today, 4: 227-231.
4. Bourg EL, Valenti P, Lucchetta P, Payer F, 2001. Effects of mild heat shocks at young age on aging and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontol., 2, 155-164.
5. Bozcuk AN, 1970. Molecular turnover and ageing in Drosophila subobscura. D. Phil. Thesis, University of Sussex
6. Cankurtaran M, 2010. Yaşlılık, yaşlanma mekanizmaları, antiaging ve yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri. 7. Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi, Antalya.
7. Çelik M, Uysal Soyer Ö, Şekerel BE, 2008. Lidokaine Bağlı Allerji veya Toksisite? Astım Allerji İmmünoloji, 6 (1), 22-24.
8. De Iuliis A, Zanatta L, Vincenti E, Galzigna L, 2001. Differences of ropivacaine and bupivacaine relevant to anti-infl amatory activity platelet aggregation and anti oxidant activity in vitro. Farmaco., 56 (3), 153-157.

9. Doğan A, 1999. Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji. KAÜ Sağlık Yüksekokulu Yay. No: 1, Kars
10. Graf U, Van Schaik N, 1992. Improved high bioaktivation cross for the wing somatic mutation and recombiration test in Drosophila melanogaster, Mutation Research, 271, 59-67.
11. Günaydın B, 2000. Lokal Anesteziklerin Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Kemiluminans Yöntemiyle Araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
12. Günaydın B, Demiryürek AT, 2003. Effects of tetracaine and bupivacaine on chemiluminescence generated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated human leukocytes and cell-free systems. International Immunopharmacology 3, 757-764.
13. Helfand SL, Inouye SK, 2002. Rejuvenating views of the ageing process. Nat Rev Genet., 3, 149-153.
14. Huang SF, Li ZY, Wang XQ, Wang QX, Hu FF, 2010. Cerium caused life span shortening and oxidative stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73, 89-93.
15. Jordens RG, Berry MD, Gillot C, Boulton AA, 1999. Prolongation of life in an experimental model of aging in Drosophila melanogaster, Neurochemical research, 24 (2), 227-233.
16. Kayhan Z, 1997. Klinik Anestezi. 2nd ed. Logos Yayıncılık, 447 s, İstanbul.
17. Landenberger A, Kabil H, Harshman LG, Zempleni J, 2004. Biotin deficiency decreases life span and fertility but increases stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 15, 591-600.
18. Lenfant F, Lahet JJ, Courderot-Masuyer C, Freysz M, Rochette L, 2004. Lidocaine has better antioxidant potential than ropivacaine and bupivacaine: in vitro comparison in a model of human erythrocytes submitted to an oxidative stres. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 58, 248-254.
19. Lenfant F, Lahet JJ, Volot F, Schafer I, Freysz M, Rochette L, 1999. Effects of bupivacaine on human erythrocytes submitted to stresss and evidence for an interaction between bupivacaine and fl umazenil. Br J Clin Pharmacol., 48, 826-828.
20. Lesnefsky E, VanBenthuysen K, McMurtry L, Shikes RH, Johnston RB, Horwitz LD, 1989. Lidocaine reduces canine infarct size and decreases release of a lipid peroxidation product. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 13, 895-901.
21. Mycek MJ, Harvey RA, Champe PC, 1998. Lippincott’s Illustrated review: Pharmacology. Çeviri Ed: Oktay S., Berkman K., Onat F., 2nd ed., Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, 117-118, İstanbul.
22. Nalbant S, 2006. Yaşlanmanın Biyolojisi. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg., 52 (Özel Ek A), A12-A17.
23. Parsons PA, Roman HL, Sandler LM, Campell A, 1973. Annual review of genetics, vol.7, Ann. Rev. Inc., 504 p, California.
24. Plantampa C, Estragnata V, Fellousb S, Desouhanta E, Gibert P. 2017. Where and what to feed? Differential effects on fecundity and longevity in the invasive Drosophila suzukii. Basic and Applied Ecology 19: 56–66
25. Rachel H, Markham A, 2000. Levobupivacaine: A Review of its Pharmacology and Use as a Local Anaesthetic. 59, 551-579.
26. Ragab GA, Fathy MZ, 2018. Evaluation of the epidural analgesic effect of Nalbuphine, Lidocaine and Nalbuphine-Lidocaine combination in bucks. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 7: 27-30
27. Ramazzotto LJ, Curro FA, Paterson JA, Tanner P, Coleman M, 1985. Toxicological assessment of lidocaine in the pregnant rat. J Dent Res., 64 (10), 1214-1218.
28. Schneider LE, do Amaral VS, Dihl RR, Lehmann M, Reguly ML, de Andrade HHR, 2009. Assessment of genotoxicity of Lidocaine, Prilonest and Septanest in the drosophila wing-spot test. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 205-208.
29. Seeman P, 1972. The membrane actions of anesthetics and tranquilizers. Pharmacol Rev., 24, 583-655.
30. Spinedi A, Pacini L, Luly P, 1989. A study of the mechanism by which some amphiphilic drugs affect human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem J, 261, 569-73.
31. Strehler BL, 1962. Time, Cells and Ageing. Academic Press. New York and London.
32. Zhao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Liu X, Li Z, 2008. Extension of life span and improvement of vitality of Drosophila melanogaster by long-term supplementation with different molecular weight polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis. Pharmacological Research, 57, 67-72.