Tuz Stresi Altında Tane Sorgum Fide Dokularında Antioksidan Enzimler ve Toplam Fenolik Bileşiklerdeki Değişimler

Öz

Sorgum (Sorghum spp), hayvan yemi ve insan gıdası olarak kullanılan, dünyanın önemli sıcak iklim tahıllarından biridir. Sorgum, tuzlu topraklara ve çeşitli iklim koşullarına diğer tahıllardan daha iyi uyum sağlamaktadır. Tuz stresi, bitki büyümesini, gelişimini, verimi ve kalitesini belirgin şekilde sınırlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, tuz stresi altında sorgumdaki antioksidan savunma enzimleri ile toplam fenol bileşiklerindeki değişiklikleri araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Hoagland besin ortamında tutulan Acme Brom Corn sorgum çeşidine farklı tuzluluk düzeyleri (0, 50, 100, 150 ve 200 mM NaCl) uygulanarak; kontrollü koşullarda, tuz stresinde ve stres olmadan 10’ar gün iklim kabininde tutulan deneyler 3 tekrarlı yürütülmüştür. Deneylerin sonunda, bitki kökleri ve yaprakları ayrı ayrı hasat edilip, harmanlanmış; 0,5 ve 0,25 g'lık kısımlar halinde alüminyum folyolara yerleştirilmiş, ardından sıvı nitrojende şoklanarak -20 °C'de saklanmıştır. Daha sonra tuz stresi kaynaklı antioksidan enzimler; klorofil ve karotenler spektrofotometrik olarak belirlenmiştir. Kök glutatyon redüktaz (GR), prolin ve ascorbate peroxidase (APX) aktivitesi arasındaki korelasyonlar istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Antiradikal kapasite, glutatyon S-Transferaz (GST), MDA, toplam fenolikler, katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitesi arasındaki korelasyonlar da anlamlı bulunmuştur. Yaprak SOD, toplam fenolikler ve GST arasındaki, yaprak Chl a, CAT, antiradikal kapasite ve yaprak APX ile Chl a arasındaki, toplam Chl ile karoten arasındaki, GR ile Chl b arasındaki ve MDA ile prolin arasındaki korelasyonlar anlamlı bulunmuştur. Artan antioksidan enzim aktivitesi ve toplam fenolikler, sorgum bitkilerinin tuz stresi direncine destek sağlasa da, bu mekanizmalar yüksek tuzluluk düzeylerinde yeterli olmadığı için tuz stresi ile antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri arasındaki ilişkilerin daha iyi anlaşılması için daha yüksek olan tuz dozlarında, irdelenen karakterler bakımından kullanılan sorgum çeşidinin denemeye alınmasının gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Kuşkusuz elde edilen bulgular genelleştirilememeli, elde edilen sonuçların deneme yılına, genotipe, kullanılan tuz dozlar ile ilgili enzim aktiviteleri, ile uygulanan yöntemlere bağlı olduğu gözden ırak tutulmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tuzluluk stresi
• Katalaz
• Klorofil
• Süperoksit dismutaz
• Glutatyon S-transferaz

Alterations of Antioxidative Enzymes and Total Phenolics of Grain Sorghum Seedling Tissues Under Salt Stress

Öz

Sorghum (Sorghum spp) is one of the world's significant warm-climate cereals, used both as animal feed and human food. It demonstrates better adaptation to saline soils and diverse climatic conditions compared to other cereals. Salt stress significantly limits plant growth, development, yield, and quality. This study aimed to investigate the changes in antioxidant defense enzymes and total phenolic compounds in sorghum under salt stress. Different salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) were applied to the Acme Brom Corn sorghum variety grown in Hoagland nutrient medium. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in a climate chamber for 10 days, both under salt stress and non-stress conditions, with three replicates. At the end of the experiments, the roots and leaves of the plants were harvested separately, homogenized, and placed in aluminium foil in portions of 0.5 g and 0.25 g, shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -20 °C. Antioxidant enzymes induced by salt stress, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoids, were determined spectrophotometrically. Statistically significant correlations were found between root glutathione reductase (GR), proline, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, and between antiradical capacity, glutathione S-transferase (GST), MDA, total phenolics, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In leaves, significant correlations were observed between SOD, total phenolics, and GST, as well as between Chl a, CAT, antiradical capacity, APX, and carotenoids. Significant correlations were also identified between total chlorophyll and carotenoids, GR and Chl b, and MDA and proline. Although increased antioxidant enzyme activity and total phenolics support the salt stress resistance of sorghum plants, these mechanisms were insufficient at high salinity levels. Therefore, it was concluded that further studies are needed to better understand the relationships between salt stress and antioxidant enzyme activities at higher salt concentrations using the investigated sorghum variety. It should be noted that the findings should not be generalized, as the results depend on the experimental year, genotype, salt doses applied, enzyme activities investigated, and methods used.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salinity stress
• Catalase
• Chlorophyll
• Superperoxide dismutase
• Glutathione S-tranferase

Kaynakça

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