A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON ORGANISATION-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP

Öz

Psychological ownership is a phenomenon in which people develop possessive feelings for a specific target without legal ownership. It might be developed toward the organization or job itself in an organizational context. This study aims to understand organization-based psychological ownership in-depth, whether it can be used as a tool to foster desired outcomes, and how employees perceive the concept and their observations at work perceived effects of COVID-19 pandemic on organization based psychological ownership. Findings from in-depth interviews with 10 full-time employees in Turkey include definition, antecedents, and consequences of psychological ownership, possessions at work, perceived changes due to pandemic and management practices. The results show that organization-based psychological ownership can be used as a tool to increase job performance, productivity and foster extra-role behavior in organizations. This study intends to provide insight into Humans Resources and top management practices by listing the encouraging and discouraging factors related to psychological ownership.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psychological ownership
• organization-based ownership
• organizational behavior

ÖRGÜTE YÖNELİK PSİKOLOJİK SAHİPLENME OLGUSU ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Psikolojik sahiplenme, kişilerin yasal sahipliği olmadan belirli bir hedefe yönelik sahiplenme duygusu geliştirmesidir. Örgütsel bağlamda, örgüte veya işin kendisine yönelik olarak geliştirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışma, örgüte yönelik psikolojik sahiplenmeyi derinlemesine anlamayı, örgütlerde istenen sonuçları teşvik etmek için bir araç olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını, çalışanların kavramı nasıl algıladıklarını ve işyerindeki gözlemlerini ve COVID-19 pandemisinin örgüte yönelik psikolojik sahiplenme üzerindeki algılanan etkisini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye'de 10 tam zamanlı çalışanla yapılan derinlemesine görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular, psikolojik sahipliğin tanımını, öncülleri ve sonuçları, çalışanların işyerinde sahip olduklarını hissettikleri varlıkları, COVID-19’a bağlı olarak algıladıkları değişiklikleri ve yönetim uygulamalarını içermektedir. Sonuçlar, örgüte yönelik psikolojik sahiplenmenin, örgütlerde iş performansını, üretkenliğini artırmak ve ekstra rol davranışlarını teşvik etmek için bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, psikolojik sahiplenme ile ilgili teşvik edici ve cesaret kırıcı faktörleri belirleyerek İnsan Kaynakları ve üst yönetim uygulamaları için içgörü sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikolojik sahiplenme
• örgüte yönelik psikolojik sahiplenme
• örgütsel davranış

Kaynakça

1. Ağbay, N. C. & Akbudak, N. (2021). Understanding the perception of organizational commitment during covıd-19 pandemic: senior hotel managers' perspective. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 9(4), 2398-2415.
2. Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. R., & Luthans, F. (2009). Psychological ownership: Theoretical extensions, measurement, and relation to work outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 173–191.
3. Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., & Palanski, M. E. (2012). Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 21–34.
4. Aslan, M., & Ateşoğlu, H. (2020). Psikolojik sahiplenme ölçeğinin türkçe uyarlaması, güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışmaları. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 4184-4195.
5. Baer, M., & Brown, G. (2012). Blind in one eye: How psychological ownership of ideas affects the types of suggestions people adopt. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118(1), 60–71.
6. Bernhard, F., & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2011). Psychological ownership in small family-owned businesses: Leadership style and nonfamily-employees' work attitudes and behaviors. Group and Organization Management, 36(3), 345–384.
7. Bordarie, J. & Grouille, R. (2022). Understanding the complex relationship between organizational psychological ownership and organisational citizenship behaviours during covid19 crisis. International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends, 120-124.
8. Bullock, R. B. (2015). The Development of Job-Based Psychological Ownership. Seattle Pacific University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

9. Brown, G., Lawrence, T. B., & Robinson, S. L. (2005). Territoriality in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 30(3), 577-594.
10. Brown, G., Pierce, J. L., & Crossley, C. (2014). Toward an understanding of the development of ownership feelings. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 318–338.
11. Brown, G., & Robinson, S. L. (2011). Reactions to territorial infringement. Organization Science, 22(1), 210–224.
12. Chi, N. W., & Han, T. S. (2008). Exploring the linkages between formal ownership and psychological ownership for the organization: The mediating role of organizational justice. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(4), 691–711.
13. Dawkins, S., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Martin, A. (2015). Psychological ownership: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 163–183.
14. Derin, N. (2018). Kuruma duyulan psikolojik sahiplenme ile yenilikçi iş davranışı arasındaki ilişkide sanal kaytarmanın düzenleyici rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 63-82.
15. Han, T., Chiang, H., & Chang, A. (2010). Employee participation in decision making, psychological ownership and knowledge sharing: Mediating role of organizational commitment in Taiwanese high-tech organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(12), 2218- 2233.
16. Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279
17. He, P., & Pierce, J. (2015). Job- and organization-based psychological ownership: Relationship and outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(2), 151-168.
18. Jami, A., Kouchaki, M., & Gino, F. (2021). I own, so I help out: How psychological ownership increases prosocial behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 47(5), 698-715.
19. Kaur, D., Sambasivan, M., & Kumar, N. (2013). Effect of spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, psychological ownership and burnout on caring behavior of nurses: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(21-22), 3192–3202.
20. Knapp, J. R., Smith, B. R., & Sprinkle, T. A. (2014). Clarifying the relational ties of organizational belonging: Understanding the roles of perceived insider status, psychological ownership, and organizational identification. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(3), 273–285.
21. Liu, J., Wang, H., Hui, C., & Lee, C. (2012). Psychological ownership: How having control matters. Journal of Management Studies, 49(5), 869-895.
22. Mayhew, M. G., Ashkanasy, N. M., Bramble, T., & Gardner, J. (2007). A study of the antecedents and consequences of psychological ownership in organizational settings. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(5), 477–500.
23. O'Driscoll, M., Pierce, J., & Coghlan, A. (2006). The psychology of ownership: Work environment structure, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Group & Organization Management, 31(3), 388-416.
24. Ozler, H., Yilmaz, A., & Ozler, D. (2008). Psychological ownership: an empirical study on its antecedents and impacts upon organizational behaviors. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 6(3), 38-47.
25. Peng, H., & Pierce, J. L. (2015). Job- and organization-based psychological ownership: Relationship and outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(2), 151-168.
26. Pickford, H.C., Joy, G., & Roll, K. (2016). Psychological Ownership: Effects and Applications. (October 20, 2016). Saïd Business School WP 2016-32, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2893092.
27. Pierce, J. L., Rubenfeld, S. A., Morgan, S. (1991). Employee ownership: A conceptual model of process and effects. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 121-144.
28. Pierce, J. L., Jussila, I., & Cummings, A. (2009). Psychological ownership within the job design context: Revision of the job characteristics model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(4), 477–496.
29. Pierce, J., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298-310.
30. Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2003). The state of psychological ownership: Integrating and extending a century of research. Review of General Psychology, 7(1), 84-107.
31. Ramos, H. M., Man, T. W. Y., Mustafa, M., & Ng, Z. Z. (2014). Psychological ownership in small family firms: Family and non-family employees' work attitudes and behaviours. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 300-311.
32. Sieger, P., Bernhard, F., & Frey, U. (2011). Affective commitment and job satisfaction among non-family employees: Investigating the roles of justice perceptions and psychological ownership. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(2), 78–89.
33. Van Dyne, L., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: Three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 439–59.
34. Zhang, Y., Liu, G., Zhang, L., Xu, S., & Cheung, M. W.L. (2021). Psychological ownership: A meta-analysis and comparison of multiple forms of attachment in the workplace. Journal of Management, 47(3), 745–770.
35. Zhu, H., Chen, C. C., Li, X. C., & Zhou, Y. H. (2013). From personal relationship to psychological ownership: The importance of manager–owner relationship closeness in family businesses. Management and Organization Review, 9(2), 295–318.
36. Zwiers, P. (2017). The feelings of psychological ownership amongst blue-collar workers: an ethnography. [Master's Thesis, University of Twente]. University of Twente Student Theses. https://essay.utwente.nl/72464/1/Zwiers_MA_CS.pdf