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Organizational Intervention Method Proposal for Determining the Required Actions in Human Resources Management Practices to Combat With Covid-19

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 288 - 307, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.782458

Öz

Covid-19, which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and was first seen on the same day by detection of the first positive cases in Turkey, has been continuing unprecedented devastating impacts on the lives of people from different dimensions. Currently, while solution-oriented medical approaches towards Covid-19 are being researched with great effort, social isolation constitutes the basis of the measures taken to slow the transmission. In this case, considering the working life, in which on one hand the workflow and continuity are managed, and on the other hand, the workforce is planned by considering the employees health and well being, there is an urgent need for transformation and adaptation in current practices, especially in sectors where it is obligatory to continue operating without a break. Due to its central role in the coordination of management processes, human resources management has become more important than ever in the effective management of this process. In this framework, the study aims to put forward an organizational intervention method proposal for determining the required actions in human resources management practices to combat with Covid 19. In the study, in which a theoretical approach was adopted, first, pandemics and their effects were explained. Then, Covid-19 was discussed and its effects on working life were revealed. In the second part of the study, the problems experienced in human resources management practices in this process were summarized and the intervention method proposal for determining the required actions was detailed. The study concluded that the proposed organizational intervention method, Action Research, may provide an opportunity for participatory and actionable interdisciplinary implementation to actively involve all stakeholders in the process, to combat with the devastating effects of Covid-19 and even turn them into an advantage

Kaynakça

  • Adelman, C. (1993). Kurt Lewin and the origins of action research. Educational Action Research, 1 (1), 7-24.
  • Akbaş, Ö. Z. & Dursun, Ö. (2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi sürecinde özel alanına kamusal alanı sığdıran çalışan anneler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (5), 78-94.
  • Alcon, S. A. (2003). A Pest in the land: New world epidemics in a global perspective. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Asgary, R., Pavlin, J. A., Ripp, J. A., Reithinger, R., & Polyak, C. S. (2015). Ebola policies that hinder epidemic response by limiting scientific discourse. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92 (2), 240-241.
  • Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten günümüze epidemiler, pandemiler ve Covid-19. Ayrıntı Dergisi, 8 (85), 35-41.
  • Beyhan, A. (2013). Eğitim örgütlerinde eylem araştırması. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 1 (2), 65-89.
  • Bortel, V. T., Basnayake, A., Wurie, F., Jambai, M., Koroma, A. S., Muana, A. T., Hann, K., Eaton, J., Martin, S., & Nellums, L. B. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94 (3), 210-214.
  • Carnevalea, J. B. & Hatak, I. (2020). Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management. Journal of Business Research, 116, 183-187.
  • Cartwright, S. & Cooper, C. L. (1997). Managing workplace stress. Washington: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Chambel, M. J., Castanheira, F., & Sobral, F. (2016). Temporary agency versus permanent workers: A multigroup analysis of human resource management, work engagement and organizational commitment. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 37 (4), 665-689.
  • Cockerman, W. C. (2004). Medical sociology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Education.
  • Cox, T., Griffiths, A. J., Barlow, C. A., Randall, R. J., Thomson, L. E., & Rial-Gonzalez, E. (2000). Organisational interventions for work stress. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. (Çev. M. Bütün & S. B. Demir). İstanbul: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Davies, S. E. (2013). National security and pandemics. UN Chronicle, 50 (2), 20-24.
  • Dawson, C. (2016). Araştırma yöntemlerine giriş. (Çev. A. Arı). Konya: Eğitim Kitabevi.
  • DeMarie, S. M., & Hitt, M. A. (2000). Strategic implications of the information age. Journal of Labor Research, 11 (3), 419-429.
  • Dhevabachachai, N., & Muangasama, K. N. (2013). The preferred word paradigm for generation y in the hotel ındustry: A case study of the international tourism and hospitality programme. International Education Studies, 6 (10), 27-38.
  • Dikmen, U. A., Kına H. M., Özkan S. ve İlhan M. N. (2020). COVID-19 epidemiyolojisi: Pandemiden ne öğrendik. Journal of Biotechnol and Strategic Health Research, 1(Özel Sayı), 29-36.
  • DSÖ..(1948). Constitution of the World Health Organization. Erişim: https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/constitution, 10.08.2020.
  • ----.(2010). What is a pandemic? Erişim: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/en/
  • ----.(2016). Ebola situation report. Erişim: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204714/1/ebolasitrep_30mar2016_eng.pdf
  • ----.(‎2018)‎. Managing epidemics: Key facts about major deadly diseases. Erişim: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272442
  • ---- (2020a). Disease outbreaks by year. Erişim: https://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/year/en/
  • ----.(2020b). Q&A on coronaviruses. Erişim: (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses
  • ----.(2020c). Modes of transmission of virus causing Covid-19: Implications for IPC precaution recommendations. Erişim: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations
  • ECDC (2019). Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK. Erişim: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-sixth-update-Outbreak-ofnovelcoronavirus-disease-2019-COVID-19.pdf
  • Elliott, J. (1991) Action research for educational change. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
  • EU-OSHA (2010). European agency for safety and health at work, European survey of enterprises on new and emerging risks. Erişim: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/european-survey-enterprises-new-and-emerging-risks-managing-safety-and-health-work/view
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. Erişim: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3557504
  • Greenberg, N., Wessely, S., & Wykes, T. (2015). Potential mental health consequences for workers in the Ebola regions of West Africa: A lesson for all challenging environments. Journal of Mental Health, 24 (1), 1-3.
  • Greenwood, D. J., Whyte, W. F., & Harkavy, I. (1993). Participatory action research as a process and as a goal. Human Relations, 46 (2), 175-192.
  • Hall, R. C. W., Hall, R. C. W., & Chapman, M. J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: Lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30 (5), 446-452.
  • Hays, J. N. (2005). Epidemics and pandemics: Their impacts on human history. California: ABC-CLIO Inc. Hennequin, E. (2007). What career success means to blue-collar workers. Career Development Internationa, 12 (6): 565-581.
  • Honigsbaum, M. (2009). Historical keyword pandemic. The Lancet, 373 (9679), 1939.
  • Hu, X., Kaplan, S., & Dalal, R. S. (2010). An examination of blue-versus white-collar workers’ conceptualizations of job satisfaction facets. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76 (2), 317-325.
  • ILO (2001). Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems. Geneva: ILO.
  • ---- (2020a). ILO monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. (Second edition: Updated estimates and analysis). Geneva: ILO.
  • ---- (2020b). COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses. Geneva: ILO.
  • ---- (2020c). COVID-19 cruelly highlights inequalities and threatens to deepen them. Geneva: ILO.
  • İlhan, Ü. D. (2010). Kuşaklar açısından çalışma değerleri ve örgütsel bağlılık. Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
  • İlhan, Ü. D., Kümbül-Güler, B., & Aksaraylı, M. (2019). Çalışma değerleri ve örgüte duygusal bağlılık: X ve Y kuşağı mavi yakalı çalışanlar üzerine bir çalışma. Journal of Yaşar University, 14 (56): 379-406.
  • Jackson, D., Bradbury-Jones, C., Baptiste, D., Gelling, L., Morin, K., Neville, S., & Smith G. D. (2020). Life in the Pandemic: Some Reflections on Nursing in the Context of COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2041-2043.
  • Johnson, N. & Mueller, J. (2002). Updating the accounts: Global mortality of the 1918-1920 Spanish influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 76 (1), 105-115.
  • Karafillakis, E., Jalloh, M. F., Nuriddin A, vd. (2015). Once there is life, there is hope: Ebola survivors’ experiences, behaviours and attitudes in Sierra Leone, 2015. Business Management Journal Global Health, 1, 1-9.
  • Kemmis, S. & Wilkinson, M. (1998). Participatory action research and the study of practice. B. Atweh, S. Kemmiş, & P. Weeks (Eds.), Action research in practice: Partnerships for social justice in education (ss. 21-36). New York: Routledge.
  • Kılıç, O. (2004). Eski çağdan yakın çağa genel hatlarıyla dünyada ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde salgın hastalıklar. Elazığ: Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Lam TT, Jia, N., Zhang, YW., vd. (2020). Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature, 583, 282-298.
  • Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2 (4), 34-46.
  • Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical work- force during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288.
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • McMillen, C. W. (2016). Pandemics: A very short ıntroduction. UK: Oxford University Press.
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Covid-19 ile Mücadelede İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarında İhtiyaç Duyulan Aksiyonların Belirlenmesine Yönelik Örgütsel Müdahale Yöntemi Önerisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue, 288 - 307, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.782458

Öz

11 Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen Covid-19, Türkiye’de de aynı tarihte ilk pozitif vakaların tespit edilmesiyle birlikte yaşamın birçok alanında benzeri görülmemiş yıkıcı etkiler yaratarak devam etmektedir. Koruyucu aşı geliştirilmediği ve henüz üzerinde hemfikir olunan bir tedavi yöntemi olmadığı günümüz koşullarında, Covid-19’a yönelik çözüm odaklı tıbbı yaklaşımlar büyük bir gayretle araştırılırken, bulaşı yavaşlatmak ve salgını engellemek için alınan önlemlerin temelini, sosyal izolasyon oluşturmaktadır. Bu durumda bir yandan iş akışının ve sürekliliğinin yönetildiği diğer yandan çalışanların sağlığının gözetilerek işgücünün planlandığı çalışma hayatı düşünüldüğünde, özellikle hiç ara vermeksizin faaliyete devam etmenin zorunlu olduğu sektörler açısından mevcut uygulamalarda dönüşüm ve uyum gerekliliğine ivedi ihtiyaç doğmuştur. Yönetim süreçlerinin koordinasyonundaki merkezi rolü nedeniyle insan kaynakları yönetimi, bu sürecin etkin yönetilebilmesinde ve insan kaynağının planlanmasında her zamankinden daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, bir sağlık krizi olmakla birlikte, çalışma hayatı için de bir kriz unsuru haline gelen Covid-19 ile mücadelede insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarında ihtiyaç duyulan aksiyonların belirlenmesine yönelik örgütsel müdahale yöntemi önerisi ortaya koymaktır. Teorik bir yaklaşımla çalışmada, öncelikle pandemiler ve etkileri açıklanmış, sonrasında dar kapsamda Covid-19 ele alınarak çalışma hayatı üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde Covid-19 sürecinde insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarında yaşanan sorunlar özetlenip ihtiyaç duyulan aksiyonların belirlenmesine yönelik örgütsel müdahale yöntemi önerisi detaylandırılmıştır. Çalışmada, önerilen örgütsel müdahale yöntemi olan Eylem Araştırmasının tüm paydaşları sürece aktif olarak dâhil ederek Covid-19’un yıkıcı etkileriyle başa çıkmak ve hatta bunları bir avantaja dönüştürmek için katılımlı ve eyleme geçirilebilir disiplinler arası bir uygulama fırsatı sunabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adelman, C. (1993). Kurt Lewin and the origins of action research. Educational Action Research, 1 (1), 7-24.
  • Akbaş, Ö. Z. & Dursun, Ö. (2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi sürecinde özel alanına kamusal alanı sığdıran çalışan anneler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (5), 78-94.
  • Alcon, S. A. (2003). A Pest in the land: New world epidemics in a global perspective. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Asgary, R., Pavlin, J. A., Ripp, J. A., Reithinger, R., & Polyak, C. S. (2015). Ebola policies that hinder epidemic response by limiting scientific discourse. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92 (2), 240-241.
  • Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten günümüze epidemiler, pandemiler ve Covid-19. Ayrıntı Dergisi, 8 (85), 35-41.
  • Beyhan, A. (2013). Eğitim örgütlerinde eylem araştırması. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 1 (2), 65-89.
  • Bortel, V. T., Basnayake, A., Wurie, F., Jambai, M., Koroma, A. S., Muana, A. T., Hann, K., Eaton, J., Martin, S., & Nellums, L. B. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94 (3), 210-214.
  • Carnevalea, J. B. & Hatak, I. (2020). Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management. Journal of Business Research, 116, 183-187.
  • Cartwright, S. & Cooper, C. L. (1997). Managing workplace stress. Washington: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Chambel, M. J., Castanheira, F., & Sobral, F. (2016). Temporary agency versus permanent workers: A multigroup analysis of human resource management, work engagement and organizational commitment. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 37 (4), 665-689.
  • Cockerman, W. C. (2004). Medical sociology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Education.
  • Cox, T., Griffiths, A. J., Barlow, C. A., Randall, R. J., Thomson, L. E., & Rial-Gonzalez, E. (2000). Organisational interventions for work stress. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. (Çev. M. Bütün & S. B. Demir). İstanbul: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Davies, S. E. (2013). National security and pandemics. UN Chronicle, 50 (2), 20-24.
  • Dawson, C. (2016). Araştırma yöntemlerine giriş. (Çev. A. Arı). Konya: Eğitim Kitabevi.
  • DeMarie, S. M., & Hitt, M. A. (2000). Strategic implications of the information age. Journal of Labor Research, 11 (3), 419-429.
  • Dhevabachachai, N., & Muangasama, K. N. (2013). The preferred word paradigm for generation y in the hotel ındustry: A case study of the international tourism and hospitality programme. International Education Studies, 6 (10), 27-38.
  • Dikmen, U. A., Kına H. M., Özkan S. ve İlhan M. N. (2020). COVID-19 epidemiyolojisi: Pandemiden ne öğrendik. Journal of Biotechnol and Strategic Health Research, 1(Özel Sayı), 29-36.
  • DSÖ..(1948). Constitution of the World Health Organization. Erişim: https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/constitution, 10.08.2020.
  • ----.(2010). What is a pandemic? Erişim: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/en/
  • ----.(2016). Ebola situation report. Erişim: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204714/1/ebolasitrep_30mar2016_eng.pdf
  • ----.(‎2018)‎. Managing epidemics: Key facts about major deadly diseases. Erişim: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272442
  • ---- (2020a). Disease outbreaks by year. Erişim: https://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/year/en/
  • ----.(2020b). Q&A on coronaviruses. Erişim: (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses
  • ----.(2020c). Modes of transmission of virus causing Covid-19: Implications for IPC precaution recommendations. Erişim: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations
  • ECDC (2019). Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK. Erişim: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-sixth-update-Outbreak-ofnovelcoronavirus-disease-2019-COVID-19.pdf
  • Elliott, J. (1991) Action research for educational change. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
  • EU-OSHA (2010). European agency for safety and health at work, European survey of enterprises on new and emerging risks. Erişim: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/european-survey-enterprises-new-and-emerging-risks-managing-safety-and-health-work/view
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. Erişim: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3557504
  • Greenberg, N., Wessely, S., & Wykes, T. (2015). Potential mental health consequences for workers in the Ebola regions of West Africa: A lesson for all challenging environments. Journal of Mental Health, 24 (1), 1-3.
  • Greenwood, D. J., Whyte, W. F., & Harkavy, I. (1993). Participatory action research as a process and as a goal. Human Relations, 46 (2), 175-192.
  • Hall, R. C. W., Hall, R. C. W., & Chapman, M. J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: Lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30 (5), 446-452.
  • Hays, J. N. (2005). Epidemics and pandemics: Their impacts on human history. California: ABC-CLIO Inc. Hennequin, E. (2007). What career success means to blue-collar workers. Career Development Internationa, 12 (6): 565-581.
  • Honigsbaum, M. (2009). Historical keyword pandemic. The Lancet, 373 (9679), 1939.
  • Hu, X., Kaplan, S., & Dalal, R. S. (2010). An examination of blue-versus white-collar workers’ conceptualizations of job satisfaction facets. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76 (2), 317-325.
  • ILO (2001). Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems. Geneva: ILO.
  • ---- (2020a). ILO monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. (Second edition: Updated estimates and analysis). Geneva: ILO.
  • ---- (2020b). COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses. Geneva: ILO.
  • ---- (2020c). COVID-19 cruelly highlights inequalities and threatens to deepen them. Geneva: ILO.
  • İlhan, Ü. D. (2010). Kuşaklar açısından çalışma değerleri ve örgütsel bağlılık. Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
  • İlhan, Ü. D., Kümbül-Güler, B., & Aksaraylı, M. (2019). Çalışma değerleri ve örgüte duygusal bağlılık: X ve Y kuşağı mavi yakalı çalışanlar üzerine bir çalışma. Journal of Yaşar University, 14 (56): 379-406.
  • Jackson, D., Bradbury-Jones, C., Baptiste, D., Gelling, L., Morin, K., Neville, S., & Smith G. D. (2020). Life in the Pandemic: Some Reflections on Nursing in the Context of COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2041-2043.
  • Johnson, N. & Mueller, J. (2002). Updating the accounts: Global mortality of the 1918-1920 Spanish influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 76 (1), 105-115.
  • Karafillakis, E., Jalloh, M. F., Nuriddin A, vd. (2015). Once there is life, there is hope: Ebola survivors’ experiences, behaviours and attitudes in Sierra Leone, 2015. Business Management Journal Global Health, 1, 1-9.
  • Kemmis, S. & Wilkinson, M. (1998). Participatory action research and the study of practice. B. Atweh, S. Kemmiş, & P. Weeks (Eds.), Action research in practice: Partnerships for social justice in education (ss. 21-36). New York: Routledge.
  • Kılıç, O. (2004). Eski çağdan yakın çağa genel hatlarıyla dünyada ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde salgın hastalıklar. Elazığ: Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Lam TT, Jia, N., Zhang, YW., vd. (2020). Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature, 583, 282-298.
  • Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2 (4), 34-46.
  • Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical work- force during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288.
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • McMillen, C. W. (2016). Pandemics: A very short ıntroduction. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Nabarro, D., & Wannous, C. (2016). The links between public and ecosystem health in light of the recent Ebola outbreaks and pandemic emergence. EcoHealth, 13 (2), 227-229.
  • Nielsen, K. & Abildgaard, J. S. (2013). Organizational interventions: A research-based framework for the evaluation of both process and effects. Work & Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations, 27, 3, 278-297.
  • Nielsen, K., Randall, R., Holten, A. L., & González, E. R. (2010). Conducting organizational-level occupational health interventions: What works? Work & Stress, 24 (3), 234-259.
  • O'Brien, R. (2001). An Overview of the Methodological Approach of Action Research. Roberto Richardson (Ed.), Theory and Practice of Action Research. João Pessoa, Brazil: Federal University of Paraíba.
  • Ozanne, J. L., & Saatcioglu, B. (2008). Participatory action research. Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (3), 423-439.
  • Paglia, E. (2013). Psychological support during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Intervention, 11 (2), 195-198.
  • Porta, M. (2014). A Dictionary of Epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Qiu, W., Rutherford, S., Mao, A. & Chu, C. (2016). The pandemic and its impacts. Health, Culture and Society, 9, (8), 473-481.
  • Raoult, D., Mouffok, N., Bitam, I., Piarroux, R., & Drancourt, M. (2013). Plague: History and contemporary analysis. Journal of Infection, 66, 18-26.
  • Samal, J. (2014). A historical exploration of pandemics of some selected diseases in the world. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 4 (2), 165-169.
  • Shellhaas, R. A. (2020). Neurologists and COVID-19: A note on courage in a time of uncertainty. Neurology, 94, 1-3.
  • Singh, J. & Singh, J. (2020). COVID-19 and its impact on society. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2 (1), 1-15.
  • Smallman-Raynor, M., Niall, J., & Andrew D. C. (2002). The spatial anatomoy of an epidemic: Influenza in London and the County Boroughs of England and Wales 1918-1919. The Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 27 (4), 452-470.
  • Susman, G. (1983). Action research: A sociotechnical systems perspective. G. Morgan (Ed.), Beyond method: Strategies for Social Research (ss. 95-113). Newbury Park: Sage.
  • Temel, M. K. & Ertin, H. (2020). 1918 grip pandemisi kıssasından COVID-19 pandemisine hisseler. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (Özel Sayı), 63-78.
  • Taylor, F. W. (1914). The principles of scientific management. New York: Harper.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). Covid-19 salgın yönetimi ve çalışma rehberi. Erişim: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/salgin-yonetimi-ve-calisma-rehberi.html
  • Verikios, G., Sullivan, M., Stojanovski, P., Giesecke, J., & Woo, G. (2015). Assessing regional risks from pandemic ınfluenza: A scenario analysis. The World Economy, 39 (8), 1225-1255.
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical science monitor: International medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e923549.
  • Yin, Y. & Wunderink, R. G. (2018). MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia. Respirology, 23 (2), 130-137.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans
Bölüm İşletme Finans
Yazarlar

Ümit Deniz İlhan 0000-0003-3565-0938

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: COVID-19 Special Issue

Kaynak Göster

APA İlhan, Ü. D. (2020). Covid-19 ile Mücadelede İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarında İhtiyaç Duyulan Aksiyonların Belirlenmesine Yönelik Örgütsel Müdahale Yöntemi Önerisi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 288-307. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.782458