TURİZM SEKTÖRÜNDE YAPAY ZEKÂ FAYDALARI, ZORLUKLARI VE STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 35 - 58, 30.07.2025

Yasemin Gedik

Öz

Günümüz iş ortamında inovasyon ve dijital dönüşüm, işletmelerin büyümesi, rekabet gücü ve hayatta kalması için kritik öneme sahiptir. İş ortamı, teknolojik ilerlemeler, tüketici tercih ve davranışlarındaki değişiklikler ve pazar dinamikleri gibi faktörler nedeniyle sürekli değişmektedir. Yapay zekâ (AI), işletmelerin bu değişikliklere hızlı bir şekilde adapte olmalarını ve yeni fırsatları yakalamasını sağlar. AI, makinelerin ve bilgisayarların insan zekâsını simüle ettiği bir bilgisayar bilimi dalıdır. AI’da makineler, insanlar gibi düşünmek ve yalnızca insanların yapabileceği görevleri yerine getirmek üzere programlanmaktadır. AI’nın en büyük avantajlarından biri müşteri deneyimini kişiselleştirme yeteneğidir. AI sistemleri müşterilerin verilerini, örneğin tatil tercihlerini veya satın alma geçmişlerini inceleyebilir ve nihayetinde ilgi alanlarına yönelik teklifler sunabilir. Bununla birlikte, AI’nın büyük hacimli verileri analiz etme yeteneği, işletmelerin veriye dayalı kararlar alarak hedefli pazarlama kampanyaları yürütmesine olanak tanımaktadır. AI, turizm sektöründe operasyonel verimliliği de büyük ölçüde arttırmaktadır. Doğal dil işlemeyle desteklenen sohbet robotları, 7/24 müşteri desteği sağlamaktadır. Sohbet robotları, müşterilerin sorularını yanıtlayabilir, öneriler sunabilir ve rezervasyon işlemlerini yaparak bekleme sürelerini kısaltabilir. Yüz tanıma teknolojileri, havaalanlarında ve otellerde hızlı ve doğru kimlik doğrulamasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Öte yandan, AI, işletmeler tarafından dikkatli bir şekilde düşünülmesini gerektiren, etik, gizlilik, güvenlik, şeffaflık ve hesap verebilirlik gibi sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak, rekabet avantajını korumak, kusursuz müşteri deneyimleri oluşturabilmek ve karlılığı devam ettirebilmek için işletmelerin AI’ya yatırım yapması kritik bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, turizm sektöründe AI’nın yükselen önemini ve etkilerini anlamaya odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, güncel istatistiklerle birlikte AI uygulamalarının avantajları, zorlukları ve stratejilerini de inceleyerek kamu ve özel işletme yöneticilerine ilgili kararları alırken yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay zekâ , turizm , yapay zekâ avantajları , yapay zekâ zorlukları , yapay zekâ stratejileri

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TOURISM: A CONCEPTUAL ASSESSMENT OF BENEFITS, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIES

Öz

In today's business environment, innovation and digital transformation are critical for business growth, competitiveness and survival. The business environment is constantly changing due to factors such as technological advances, changes in consumer preferences and behaviors, and market dynamics. AI enables companies to quickly adapt to these changes and seize new opportunities. AI is a field in computer science in which machines and computers simulate human intelligence. In AI, machines are programmed to think like humans and perform tasks that only humans can do. One of the biggest advantages of AI is its ability to personalize the customer experience. AI systems can examine customer data, such as vacation preferences or purchase history, and deliver personalized offers based on their interests. Furthermore, AI's ability to analyze large volumes of data allows businesses to make informed decisions and implement targeted marketing campaigns. AI also significantly improves operational efficiency in the tourism sector. Supported by natural language processing, chatbots provide 24/7 customer service. Chatbots can answer customer inquiries, offer suggestions and make reservations, reducing waiting times. Facial recognition systems assist with fast and accurate authentication at airports and hotels. On the other hand, AI raises concerns related to ethics, privacy, security, transparency and accountability that require careful consideration by businesses. Nevertheless, it is critical for businesses to invest in AI to maintain competitive advantage, deliver seamless customer experiences and sustain profitability. This study focuses on understanding the rising importance and impact of AI in the tourism sector. Furthermore, the study aims to support decision-making among public and private sector managers by analyzing the advantages, challenges, and strategies of AI applications, supported by recent data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial intelligence , tourism , AI advantages , AI challenges , AI strategies

Kaynakça

• Abd El Kafy, J., Eissawy, T. ve Hasanein, A. (2022). Tourists perceptions toward using artificial intelligence services in tourism and hospitality. Journal of Tourism, Hotels and Heritage, 5(1), 1-20.
• Abou-Shouk, M., Gad, H. ve Abdelhakim, A. (2021). Exploring customers attitudes to the adoption of robots in tourism and hospitality. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 12(4), 762-776.
• Adrid Indaryanto, A., Harijadi, B. ve Sinaga, E. (2023). The growing use and impact of artificial intelligence technologies in the tourism industry. Sustainable Engineering and Innovation, 5(2), 189-204.
• Aloui, N., Mousa, M. ve Chaouali, W. (2024). Help me Chatbot: Customer-brand relationship in the context of tourism chatbots. Consumer Brand Relationships in Tourism: An International Perspective, Cham, Springer Nature, Switzerland, 87-101.
• Alvarez-Sanchez, A., Jativa-Gudino, T. ve Rios-Armijos, V. (2023). Robotics evolves the industry tourism: Advantages and challenges. International Conference on Tourism, Technology and Systems, Springer Nature, Singapore, 517-527.
• Antony, J. ve Kannan, R. (2024). Revolutionizing the tourism industry through artificial intelligence: A comprehensive review of AI integration, impact on customer experience, operational efficiency, and future trends. International Journal for Multidimensional Research Perspectives, 2(2), 1-14.
• Bello, O. ve Olufemi, K. (2024). Artificial intelligence in fraud prevention: Exploring techniques and applications challenges and opportunities. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(6), 1505-1520.
• Bhalerao, K., Kumar, A., Kumar, A. ve Pujari, P. (2022). A study of barriers and benefits of artificial intelligence adoption in small and medium enterprise. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 26, 1-6.
• Booyse, D. ve Scheepers, C. (2024). Barriers to adopting automated organisational decision-making through the use of artificial intelligence. Management Research Review, 47(1), 64-85.
• Brill, T., Munoz, L. ve Miller, R. (2022). Siri, Alexa, and other digital assistants: a study of customer satisfaction with artificial intelligence applications. The Role of Smart Technologies in Decision Making, Routledge, 35-70.
• Buhalis, D. ve Deimezi, O. (2024). E-tourism developments in Greece: Information communication technologies adoption for the strategic management of the Greek tourism industry. Tourism and hospitality research, 5(2),103-130.
• Buhalis, D. ve Moldavska, I. (2022). Voice assistants in hospitality: Using artificial intelligence for customer service. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(3), 386-403.
• Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence in travel, tourism, and hospitality. Handbook of e-Tourism, Cham, Springer International Publishing, 1943-1962.
• Burgess, S., Sellitto, C., Cox, C. ve Buultjens, J. (2015). Strategies for adopting consumer‐generated media in small‐sized to medium‐sized tourism enterprises. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(5), 432-441.
• Cao, G., Duan, Y., Edwards, J. ve Dwivedi, Y. (2021). Understanding managers attitudes and behavioral intentions towards using artificial intelligence for organizational decision-making. Technovation, Volume 106, 102312, 1-15.
• Chi, N. (2023). The impact of implementing chatbot on customer visit intention: Application for hotel management. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 17(2), 148-165.
• David, L. ve Dadkhah, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the tourism sector: Its sustainability and innovation potential. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 18(3), 609–613.
• Doğan, S. ve Niyet, İ. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) in tourism. Tanrisever, C., Pamukçu, H. and Sharma A. (Ed.) Future Tourism Trends, 2, Building the Future of Tourism, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, 3-21.
• El-Moffock, N. (2023). Digital transformation and AI in tourism: Trends, challenges, and successful experiences. Economic Studies, 23 (1), 522-545.
• Ezzat, M., Farahat, E. ve Al Romeedy, B. (2022). The mediating role of marketing effectiveness in the relationship between artificial intelligence and destination competitiveness. Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research ,14 (1), 113-129.
• Ferras, X., Hitchen, E., Tarrats Pons, E. ve Arimany-Serrat, N. (2020). Smart tourism empowered by artificial intelligence: The case of Lanzarote. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 22(1), 1-13.
• Filieri, R., D’Amico, E., Destefanis, A., Paolucci, E. ve Raguseo, E. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI) for tourism: An European-based study on successful AI tourism start-ups. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(11), 4099-4125.
• Florido-Benitez, L. ve Del Alcazar Martinez, B. (2024). How artificial intelligence (AI) is powering new tourism marketing and the future agenda for smart tourist destinations. Electronics, 13(21), 4151.
• Florido-Benitez, L. ve Del Alcazar Martinez, B. (2025). The disruptive use of artificial intelligence (AI) will considerably enhance the tourism and air transport industries. Electronics, 14(1), 16, 1-21.
• Gaafar, H. (2020). Artificial intelligence in Egyptian tourism companies: Implementation and perception. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 18(1), 66-78.
• Garcia-Madurga, M. ve Grillo-Mendez, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the tourism industry: An overview of reviews. Administrative Sciences, 13(8), 172, 1-22.
• Garin-Munoz, T., Perez-Amaral, T. ve Lopez, R. (2020). Consumer engagement in e-tourism: Micro-panel data models for the case of Spain. Tourism Economics, 26(6), 853-872.
• Hanh, N. (2024). Tourists perception of technology adoption in the tourism industry and innovative strategies for integration. Creative Approaches Towards Development of Computing and Multidisciplinary IT Solutions for Society, 291-301.
• Hoyer, W., Kroschke, M. ve Schmitt, B. (2020). Transforming the customer experience through new technologies. Journal of interactive marketing, 51(1), 57-71.
• Jamshed, K., Qureshi, M., Kishwer, R. ve Jamshaid, S. (2024). The benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence applications in tourism industry: How the hospitality industry in Japan is transforming. Alnoor, A., Bayram, G.E., XinYing, C. and Shah, S.H.A. (Ed.) The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Regenerative Tourism and Green Destinations (New Perspectives in Tourism and Hospitality Management), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, 129-147.
• Jeong, M. ve Shin, H. (2020). Tourists experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464-1477.
• Kaushik, A., Agrawal, A. ve Rahman, Z. (2015). Tourist behaviour towards self-service hotel technology adoption: Trust and subjective norm as key antecedents. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 278-289.
• Kazak, A., Chetyrbok, P. ve Oleinikov, N. (2020). Artificial intelligence in the tourism sphere. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 42, 042020.
• Khan, A., Hamid, A., Saad, N., Hussain, Z. ve Arif, A. (2023). Effectiveness of artificial intelligence in building customer loyalty: Investigating the mediating role of chatbot in the tourism sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,13(9), 657-671.
• Kok, J., Boers, E., Kosters, W. ve Van der Putten, P. (2009). Artificial intelligence: Definition, trends, techniques, and cases. Artificial intelligence, 1(270-299), 51.
• Ku, E. ve Chen, C. (2024). Artificial intelligence innovation of tourism businesses: From satisfied tourists to continued service usage intention. International Journal of Information Management, 76, 102757.
• Li, D., Du, P. ve He, H. (2022). Artificial intelligence-based sustainable development of smart heritage tourism. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022(1), 5441170, 1-13.
• Lucic, S. (2022). Digitalization and artificial intelligence: New dimensions in tourism. Tourism International Scientific Conference Vrnjacka Banja-TISC,7(1), 564-581.
• Maheshwari, N., Singh, V., Singh, A. ve Ansari, A. (2024). Understanding artificial intelligence adoption in tourism services and marketing: Boon or bane?. AI Innovations in Service and Tourism Marketing, IGI Global, 359-374.
• Manoharan, G., Rao, C. G., Ashtikar, S. P., Kumar, S. ve Nivedha, M. (2024). Voyage virtuoso: Artificial intelligence in transforming tourism. Utilizing Smart Technology and AI in Hybrid Tourism and Hospitality. IGI Global Milton, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence in tourism: A review of trends opportunities and challenges. International Journal for Multidimensional Research Perspectives, 1(2), 1-11.
• Ogunode, N., Olofu, P. ve Bassey, U. (2023). Barriers to effective usage of artificial intelligence in Tertiary Institution in North-Central, Nigeria. Journal of Interdisciplinary Science, 1(1), 38-43.
• Pillai, R. ve Sivathanu, B. (2020). Adoption of AI-based chatbots for hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(10), 3199-3226.
• Prahadeeswaran, R. (2023). A Comprehensive review: The convergence of artificial intelligence and tourism. International Journal for Multidimensional Research Perspectives, 1(2), 12-24.
• Radhakrishnan, J. ve Chattopadhyay, M. (2020). Determinants and barriers of artificial intelligence adoption: A literature review. International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, Tiruchirappalli, India, 89-99.
• Samala, N., Katkam, B., Bellamkonda, R. ve Rodriguez, R. (2022). Impact of AI and robotics in the tourism sector: A critical insight. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(1), 73-87.
• Shang, G., Low, S. ve Lim, X. (2023). Prospects, drivers of and barriers to artificial intelligence adoption in project management. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 13(5), 629-645.
• Siddik, A., Forid, M., Yong, L., Du, A. ve Goodell, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence as a catalyst for sustainable tourism growth and economic cycles. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 210, 123875.
• Soares, A., Mendes Filho, L. ve Gretzel, U. (2021). Technology adoption in hotels: Applying institutional theory to tourism. Tourism Review, 76(3), 669-680.
• Solakis, K., Katsoni, V., Mahmoud, A. ve Grigoriou, N. (2024). Factors affecting value co-creation through artificial intelligence in tourism: A general literature review. Journal of Tourism Futures, 10(1), 116-130.
• Sousa, A., Cardoso, P. ve Dias, F. (2024). The use of artificial intelligence systems in tourism and hospitality: The tourists perspective. Administrative Sciences, 14(8), 165, 1-23.
• Shuai, W. ve Karia, N. (2024). AI tourism: Concepts, practices, challenges and future. Global Business & Management Research, 16(4), 475-491.
• Tussyadiah, I. (2020). A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 81, 102883.
• Ukpabi, D. ve Karjaluoto, H. (2017). Consumers acceptance of information and communications technology in tourism: A review. Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 618-644.
• Wang, P. (2019). On defining artificial intelligence. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence, 10(2), 1-37.
• Zavodna, L., Überwimmer, M. ve Frankus, E. (2024). Barriers to the implementation of artificial intelligence in small and medium-sized enterprises: Pilot study. Journal of Economics and Management, 46, 331-352.
• İnternet Kaynakları
• Accenture (2024). Artificial intelligence. https://www.accenture.com/cz-en/insights/artificial-intelligence-summary-index#:~:text=The%20benefits%20of%20AI,-There%20are%20many&text=It%20can%20also%20automate%20complex,and%20creativity%20of%20employee%20decisions. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• American Express (2023). AI & other technologies are helping to improve business travel: Insights from American Express. https://www.americanexpress.com/en-us/newsroom/articles/amex-for-business/ai---other-technologies-are-helping-to-improve-business-travel.html. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Appinventiv (2024). AI in travel and tourism: 10 benefits, use cases and examples.https://appinventiv.com/blog/ai-in-travel/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Applied (2024). Components of artificial intelligence (AI). https://www.appliedaicourse.com/blog/components-of-artificial-intelligence/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025 Barten, M. (2024). 4 Ways facial recognition can be used in the travel. https://www.revfine.com/facial-recognition-travel-industry/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• BBC (2024). AI: 15 key moments in the story of artificial intelligence. https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/articles/zh77cqt. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Botta, L. (2024). Toward circular and sustainable tourism: The key role of new technologies and artificial intelligence. https://ecobnb.com/blog/2024/02/toward-circular-sustainable-tourism-artificial-intelligence-new-technologies/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Canorea, E. (2022). Smart tourism: The future of the sector is technological. https://www.plainconcepts.com/smart-tourism/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• CIGI (2019). CIGI-Ipsos Global survey internet& security trust. https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/documents/2019%20CIGIIpsos%20Global%20Survey%20%20Part%201%20%26%202%20Internet%20Security%2C%20Online%20Privacy%20%26%20Trust.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• CIPESA (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence on data protection and privacy https://cipesa.org/wpcontent/files/briefs/The_Impact_of_Artificial_Intelligence_on_Data_Protection_and_Privacy_-_Brief.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• CISCO (2021). Building consumer confidence through transparency and control. https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/doing_business/trust-center/docs/cisco-cybersecurity-series-2021-cps.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Colorado State University (2024). Why is AI important?. https://csuglobal.edu/blog/why-ai-important Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Coppola,, D. (2024). Share of consumers concerned about data and privacy risks posed by AI in selected countries in 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1488365/consumers-privacy-concerns-about-ai/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Dippnall, S. (2024). The top 5 AI challenges: Insights and solutions. https://www.sandtech.com/insight/the-top-5-ai-challenges-insights-and-solutions/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Efimova, D. (2024). Artificial intelligence in tourism. https://startups.epam.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-in-tourism-and-travel-industry. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Ferhataj, A. ve Memaj, F. (2024). Challenges and opportunities of AI implementation in tourism: AN ethical and technological perspective. Studijos Verlas Visuomene: Dabartis ir Ateities Izvalgos, 1(IX), 217-231.
• Finio, M. (2023). How to build a successful AI strategy. https://www.ibm.com/think/insights/artificial-intelligence-strategy. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Gibson, K. (2024). Building an AI business strategy: A beginner's guide. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/ai-business-strategy. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• GrandView (2024). Global artificial intelligence market size & outlook. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/horizon/outlook/artificial-intelligence-market-size/global Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Haan, K. ve Holznienkemper, L. (2024). 22 top AI statistics and trends in 2024. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/ai-statistics/#7. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Haan, K. ve Watts, R. (2024). How businesses are using artificial intelligence in 2024. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/ai-in-business/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Howarth, J. (2024). 54 New artificial intelligence statistics. https://explodingtopics.com/blog/ai-statistics. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• ISO (2024a). Artificial intelligence: What it is, how it works and why it matters. https://www.iso.org/artificial-intelligence. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• ISO (2024b). Machine learning (ML): All there is to know. https://www.iso.org/artificial-intelligence/machine-learning. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Kanade, V. (2022). What is artificial intelligence (AI)? Definition, types, goals, challenges, and trends in 2022. https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/articles/what-is-ai/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Karjian, R. (2024). The history of artificial intelligence: Complete AI timeline. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/tip/The-history-of-artificial-intelligence-Complete-AI-timeline. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Kell, J. (2023). How the airline industry is using A.I. to improve the entire experience of flying. https://fortune.com/2023/01/31/tech-forward-everyday-ai-airline-industry-fuel-consumption-food-waste/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Liul, M. (2024). Main examples of artificial intelligence in the tourism industry. https://integrio.net/blog/benefits-of-ai-in-tourism. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Ma, S. ve Zhang, L. (2024). Enhancing tourists satisfaction: Leveraging artificial intelligence in the tourism. Pacific International Journal, 7(3), 89-98 Mailchimp (2024). AI transparency: Building trust in AI. https://mailchimp.com/resources/ai-transparency/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Marr, B. (2023). The 15 biggest risks of artificial intelligence. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2023/06/02/the-15-biggest-risks-of-artificial-intelligence/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Marr, B. (2024). Examples that illustrate why transparency is crucial in AI. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2024/05/17/examples-that-illustrate-why-transparency-is-crucial-in-ai/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Maryville University (2023). History of AI: Timeline and the Future. https://online.maryville.edu/blog/history-of-ai/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Milton, T. ve Philosophers, C. (2023). Artificial intelligence in tourism: A review of trends opportunities and challenges. International Journal for Multidimensional Research Perspectives, 1(2), 1-11. Mitchell, J. (2024). Key components of artificial intelligence (AI). https://futureskillsacademy.com/blog/key-components-of-ai/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• MITRE (2023). Public trust in AI technology declines amid release of consumer AI tools. https://www.mitre.org/news-insights/news-release/public-trust-ai-technology-declines-amid-release-consumer-ai-tools. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Mucci, T. (2024). The history of artificial intelligence. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/history-of-artificial-intelligence. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• NetApp (2024). What is Artificial Intelligence (AI). https://www.netapp.com/artificial-intelligence/what-is-artificial-intelligence/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• OECD (2024). Artificial intelligence and tourism: G7/ OECD policy paper, OECD tourism papers, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/12/artificial-intelligence-and-tourism_41e7f157/3f9a4d8d-en.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• OVIC (2024). Artificial intelligence and privacy: Issues and challenges. https://ovic.vic.gov.au/privacy/resources-for-organisations/artificial-intelligence-and-privacy-issues-and-challenges/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• PR Newswire (2024). Revenue organizations using AI in 2024 reported 29 percent higher sales growth than their peers, according to new report from Gong. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/revenue-organizations-using-ai-in-2024-reported-29-percent-higher-sales-growth-than-their-peers-according-to-new-report-from-gong-302312896.html. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• PwC (2024). 2025 AI business predictions. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/tech-effect/ai-analytics/ai-predictions.html#ai-will-be-a-value-play--and-a-boon-for-sustainability. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Salminen, M. ve Mauladhika, B. (2024). AI statistics and trends: New research for 2025. https://www.hostinger.co.uk/tutorials/ai-statistics#:~:text=Artificial%20intelligence%20(AI)%20adoption%20is,healthcare%2C%20retail%2C%20and%20manufacturing. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Samoili, S., Lopez Cobo, M., Gomez, E., De Prato, G., Martinez-Plumed, F. ve Delipetrev, B. (2020). AI watch. Defining artificial intelligence. Towards an operational definition and taxonomy of artificial intelligence. EUR 30117 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/28047/1/3.%20jrc118163_ai_watch._defining_artificial_intelligence_1.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Sapra, Y. (2024). AI in aviation: How AI is assisting weather forecasting for flights. https://www.hashstudioz.com/blog/ai-in-aviation-how-ai-is-assisting-weather-forecasting-for-flights/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• ScaDS (2023). Cracking the code: The black box problem of AI. https://scads.ai/cracking-the-code-the-black-box-problem-of-ai/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Security (2024). 80% of data experts believe AI increases data security challenges. https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/100631-80-of-data-experts-believe-ai-increases-data-security-challenges. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Smartclick (2024). Benefits of artificial intelligence in travel. https://smartclick.ai/articles/benefits-of-artificial-intelligence-in-travel/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Stamford, C. (2019). Gartner survey shows 37 percent of organizations have implemented AI in some form. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2019-01-21-gartner-survey-shows-37-percent-of-organizations-have. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Stanford University (2024). The 4 steps to building an effective AI strategy. https://online.stanford.edu/4-steps-building-effective-ai-strategy. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Statista (2024a). Total contribution of travel and tourism to gross domestic product (GDP) worldwide in 2019 and 2023, with a forecast for 2024 and 2034. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233223/travel-and-tourism-total-economic-contribution-worldwide/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Statista (2024b). Global tourism industry- statistics & facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/962/global-tourism/#topicOverview. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Statista (2024c). Leisure tourism spending worldwide from 2019 to 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1093335/leisure-travel-spending-worldwide/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Stryker, C. ve Kavlakoglu, E. (2024). What is AI?. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/artificial-intelligence. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Sun, J. (2023). How is AI reshaping the travel experience? https://www.weforum.org/stories/2023/12/how-is-ai-reshaping-the-travel-tourism/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Symphony (2024). The rise of artificial intelligence in aviation: transforming the skies. https://symphony-solutions.com/insights/ai-in-aviation. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Thormundsson, B. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) market size worldwide from 2020 to 2030. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Timonera, K. (2024). Understanding AI privacy: Key challenges and solutions. https://www.eweek.com/artificial-intelligence/ai-privacy-issues/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• TIS (2024). How artificial intelligence is transforming the travel and tourism industry?. https://www.tisglobalsummit.com/artificial-intelligence-transform-travel-tourism/. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• University of Queensland (2024). History of artificial intelligence. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/intelligent-machines/history-artificial-intelligence. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• UNWTO (2024). Global tourism set for full recovery by end of the year with spending growing faster than arrivals. https://www.unwto.org/news/global-tourism-set-for-full-recovery-by-end-of-the-year-with-spending-growing-faster-than-arrivals#:~:text=Around%201.1%20billion%20tourists%20travelled,%25%20of%20pre%2Dpandemic%20levels. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Wren, H. (2024). What is AI transparency? A comprehensive guide. https://www.zendesk.com/blog/ai-transparency/#Regulations%20and%20standards%20of%20transparency%20in%20AI. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• WTTC (2024). AI set to revolutionise travel & tourism, says latest WTTC report. https://wttc.org/news-article/ai-set-to-revolutionise-travel-and-tourism-says-latest-wttc-report. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2025
• Yadav, N., Shukla, A., Khunasathitchai, K. ve Kaur, R. (2024). AI adaptions: Challenges and strategies for the hotel and tourism Industry. Hotel and Travel Management in the AI Era, IGI Global, 19-38