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ERGEN GÖZÜYLE CEZA VE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 249 - 268, 01.01.2017

Öz

Bu araştırmada evde ve okulda maruz kalınan cezaların ergenlerin duygu, düşünce ve davranışları üzerindeki etkilerinin onların bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma olgubilim yöntemine dayalı nitel bir çalışma olarak kurgulanmıştır. Nitel veriler öğrencilerden yarı yapılandırılmış sorulara verdikleri yazılı açıklamalar biçiminde toplanmıştır. Bu çalışma Eskişehir ilindeki bir lisede, büyük bölümü orta ve alt sosyoekonomik düzeydeki ailelerin çocuklarının oluşturduğu, yaşları 14-19 arasında değişen, 120 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular çalışmaya katılan çok az sayıdaki ergenin cezayı bir disiplin aracı olarak tanımladığını; buna karşın ergenlerin büyük çoğunluğunun cezayı bireyin davranışını disipline etme amacı gütmeyen, tam tersine sadece bireyi incitmeye kasteden bir uygulama olarak tanımladığını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Evde ve okulda verilen cezalar da ceza verenlerin aslında davranışı iyileştirme niyetinden yoksun olduklarını, cezaları çok büyük oranda bedel ödetmek ve acı çektirmek amaçlarıyla verdiklerine işaret etmektedir. Cezalar ergenlerin duygusal ve davranışsal gelişimine olumsuz etkilerde bulunmaktadır ve ciddi bir rol model etkisi oluşturmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, I., Said, H. & Khan, F. (2013). Effect of corporal punishment on students’ motivation and classroom learning. Review of European Studies, 5(4), 130-134.
  • Arif, M.S. & Rafi, M.S. (2007). Effects of corporal punishment and psychological treatment on students’ learning and behavior. Egitimde Kuram ve Uygulama-Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 3(2),171-180.
  • Aucoin, K.J., Frick, P.J. & Bodin, S.D. (2006). Corporal punishment and child adjustment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 527– 541. 08/07/2015 tarihinde http://sites01.lsu.edu/faculty/pfricklab/wp- content/uploads/sites/100/2015/11/JADP2006-corporal-punishment.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Aypay, A, (2015a). Sensitivity to punishment in the academic context: It’s relationship with locus of control, gender and grade level. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama-Journal of Theory and Practice in Education 11(4), 1475-1495.
  • Aypay, A, (2015b). Ödül bir ceza mı? Ödül bağımlılığından ceza hassasiyetine. 2. Uluslararası Avrasya Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Beytepe Yerleşkesi, Ankara. Berson, I.R., & Berson
  • M.J. (2003). Digital literacy for effective citizenship. Social Education, 67(3), 164–167.
  • Chisholm, J.F. (2006). Cyberspace violence against girls and adolescent females. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 74-89. 10/11/2016 tarihindehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1196/annals.1385.022/fu ll adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Corr, P.J., Pickering, A.D. & Gray, J.A. (1997). Personality, punishment, and procedural learning: A test of J. A. Gray’s anxiety theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 337-344.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Merrill.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publication.
  • Deater-Deckard, K., Lansford, J.E., Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S. & Bates, J.E. (2003). The development of attitudes about physical punishment: An 8- year longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 351-360. 05/03/2016 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2 755207/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Gershoff, E.T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: Ameta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-579.
  • Gray, J.A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 269-288.
  • Gray, J.A. & McNaughton, N. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety (2nd ed.) London: Oxford University Press.
  • ISG. (2001). Girls on the Net—the survey of adolescent girls' use of the Internet in New Zealand. Auckland: The New Zealand Internet Safety Group. 05/11/2016 tarihinde https://edorigami.wikispaces.com/file/view/girls+o n+the+net.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Kelleci, M. (2008). İnternet, cep telefonu, bilgisayar oyunlarının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına etkileri. TAF Prev Med Bull, 7(3), 253-6.
  • Kohn, A. (1994). The risk of rewards. ERIC/EECE Publications. 23/02/2016 tarihinde http://www.alfiekohn.org/teaching/pdf/The%20Risks%20of% 20Rewards.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (2013). The constructivist credo. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Naz, A., Khan, W., Daraz, U., Hussain, M. & Khan, Q. (2011). The impacts of corporal punishment on students’ academic performance/career and personality development up-to secondary level education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(12), 130-140.
  • Office of The Minister for Children and Youth Affairs. (2010). Children’s Perspectives on Parenting Styles and Discipline: A Developmental Approach. The National Children’s Strategy Research Series. 08/04/2016 tarihinde https://www.tcd.ie/childrensresearchcentre/assets/pdf/Publicati ons/Children's_perspectives_on_parenting_styles.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Parke, R. D. (2002). Punishment revisited – science, values and the right question: Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 596-601.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, inc.
  • Reynolds, G. S. (1975). A Primer of operant conditioning. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
  • Simons, D. A. & Wurtele, S. K. (2010). Relationships between parents' use of corporal punishment and their children's endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(9), 639-646.
  • Turner, H. A. & Finkelhor, D. (1996). Corporal punishment as a stressor among youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 155-166.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Punishment and Its Effects from the Perspective of Adolescent Students

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 249 - 268, 01.01.2017

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the punishment exposed at home and at school on adolescents' feelings, views and behaviours based on their perspectives. This study was designed as a qualitative study based on phenomenological method. The qualitative data were gathered from the students in the form of written explanations they provided to semi-structured questions. This study was conducted with 120 students, aged between 1419 who were studying at a high school in the Eskisehir province of Turkey, and most of whom were from families with middle and low socio-economic status. The findings revealed that only a small number of the adolescents who participated in the study defined punishment as a tool of discipline, whereas most of them defined it as a practice that does not aim to discipline individuals' behaviours, but intends to hurt them. As for the punishment used at home and at school, it seems that those who impose the punishment lack the intent of improving the behaviours, and use punishment to make individuals pay the price of their actions and persecute them. Punishment negatively affects the affective and behavioural development of adolescents, and those who apply the punishment presents a role model to them

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, I., Said, H. & Khan, F. (2013). Effect of corporal punishment on students’ motivation and classroom learning. Review of European Studies, 5(4), 130-134.
  • Arif, M.S. & Rafi, M.S. (2007). Effects of corporal punishment and psychological treatment on students’ learning and behavior. Egitimde Kuram ve Uygulama-Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 3(2),171-180.
  • Aucoin, K.J., Frick, P.J. & Bodin, S.D. (2006). Corporal punishment and child adjustment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 527– 541. 08/07/2015 tarihinde http://sites01.lsu.edu/faculty/pfricklab/wp- content/uploads/sites/100/2015/11/JADP2006-corporal-punishment.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Aypay, A, (2015a). Sensitivity to punishment in the academic context: It’s relationship with locus of control, gender and grade level. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama-Journal of Theory and Practice in Education 11(4), 1475-1495.
  • Aypay, A, (2015b). Ödül bir ceza mı? Ödül bağımlılığından ceza hassasiyetine. 2. Uluslararası Avrasya Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Beytepe Yerleşkesi, Ankara. Berson, I.R., & Berson
  • M.J. (2003). Digital literacy for effective citizenship. Social Education, 67(3), 164–167.
  • Chisholm, J.F. (2006). Cyberspace violence against girls and adolescent females. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 74-89. 10/11/2016 tarihindehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1196/annals.1385.022/fu ll adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Corr, P.J., Pickering, A.D. & Gray, J.A. (1997). Personality, punishment, and procedural learning: A test of J. A. Gray’s anxiety theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 337-344.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Merrill.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publication.
  • Deater-Deckard, K., Lansford, J.E., Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S. & Bates, J.E. (2003). The development of attitudes about physical punishment: An 8- year longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 351-360. 05/03/2016 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2 755207/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Gershoff, E.T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: Ameta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-579.
  • Gray, J.A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 269-288.
  • Gray, J.A. & McNaughton, N. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety (2nd ed.) London: Oxford University Press.
  • ISG. (2001). Girls on the Net—the survey of adolescent girls' use of the Internet in New Zealand. Auckland: The New Zealand Internet Safety Group. 05/11/2016 tarihinde https://edorigami.wikispaces.com/file/view/girls+o n+the+net.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Kelleci, M. (2008). İnternet, cep telefonu, bilgisayar oyunlarının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına etkileri. TAF Prev Med Bull, 7(3), 253-6.
  • Kohn, A. (1994). The risk of rewards. ERIC/EECE Publications. 23/02/2016 tarihinde http://www.alfiekohn.org/teaching/pdf/The%20Risks%20of% 20Rewards.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (2013). The constructivist credo. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Naz, A., Khan, W., Daraz, U., Hussain, M. & Khan, Q. (2011). The impacts of corporal punishment on students’ academic performance/career and personality development up-to secondary level education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(12), 130-140.
  • Office of The Minister for Children and Youth Affairs. (2010). Children’s Perspectives on Parenting Styles and Discipline: A Developmental Approach. The National Children’s Strategy Research Series. 08/04/2016 tarihinde https://www.tcd.ie/childrensresearchcentre/assets/pdf/Publicati ons/Children's_perspectives_on_parenting_styles.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Parke, R. D. (2002). Punishment revisited – science, values and the right question: Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 596-601.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, inc.
  • Reynolds, G. S. (1975). A Primer of operant conditioning. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
  • Simons, D. A. & Wurtele, S. K. (2010). Relationships between parents' use of corporal punishment and their children's endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(9), 639-646.
  • Turner, H. A. & Finkelhor, D. (1996). Corporal punishment as a stressor among youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 155-166.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ayşe Aypay Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aypay, A. (2017). ERGEN GÖZÜYLE CEZA VE ETKİLERİ. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 249-268.

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