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Examining the Profiles of Scientists in Secondary Science Textbooks in Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 977 - 991, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.702955

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the profiles of scientists in textbooks prepared to be taught in high school science courses in Turkey. The sample of this study consists of 33 high school science textbooks prepared by the Ministry of National Education Publishing House for both general high schools and science high schools and by private publishing houses for the textbooks of biology, physics and chemistry courses at high schools in 2018-2019 academic year. Document analysis design, which is one of the qualitative research methods is used in this study. The data of the study are analyzed in terms of gender, nationalities, physical characteristics, the types of scientific study and working environments of the scientists in the textbooks according to class level, science field and the type of publishing house. According to the results of the study, there is no balanced distribution of gender and nationality in textbooks. In addition, it has been found that scientists are represented as stereotypes and the working environments and forms are largely ambiguous. The results of this study indicate that the descriptions of scientists made in secondary school science textbooks should be rearranged in Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Abd-El-Khalick, F., Myers, J. Y., Summers, R., Brunner, J., Waight, N., Wahbeh, N., Zeineddin, A. A. & Belarmino, J. (2017). A longitudinal analysis of the extent and manner of representations of nature of science in U.S. high school biology and physics textbooks. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 54(1), 82–120. Abd-El-Khalick, F., Waters, M., & Le, A.-P. (2008). Representations of nature of science in high school chemistry textbooks over the past four decades. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45, 835–855. Acevedo-Díaz, J. A., & García-Carmona, A. (2016a). Rosalind Franklin y la estructura del ADN: un caso de historia de la ciencia para aprender sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia. Revista Científica, 25, 162–175. Acevedo-Díaz, J. A., & García-Carmona, A. (2016b). Uso de la historia de la ciencia para comprender aspectos de la naturaleza de la ciencia. Fundamentación de una propuesta basada en la controversia Pasteur versus Liebig sobre la fermentación. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, 11(33), 203–226. Archer, L., Dewitt, J., Osborne, J., Dillon, J., Willis, B. & Wong, B. (2010). ‘Doing’ science versus ‘being’ a scientist: Examining 10/11-year-old school children’s constructions of science through the lens of identity. Science Education, 94(4), 617–639. Bazler, J. A. and Simonis, D. A. (1991). Are high school chemistry textbooks gender fair?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28: 353–362. Carli, L. L., Alawa, L., Lee, Y., Zhao, B., & Kim, E. (2016). Stereotypes about gender and science: Women≠ scientists. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 244-260. Christidou, V., Hatzinikita, V., & Samaras, G. (2012). The image of scientific researchers and their activity in Greek adolescents’ drawings. Public Understanding of Science, 21(5), 626–647. Clough, M. P. (2017). History and Nature of Science in Science Education (Springer, New York), pp. 39-51. Condé, M. L., & Salomon, M. (2018). History of science and science education: A necessary dialogue. International Journal for the Historiography of Science, 5, 1-2. DeWitt, J., Archer, L., & Osborne, J. (2013). Nerdy, brainy and normal: children’s and parents’ constructions of those who are highly engaged with science. Research in Science Education, 43(4), 1455–1476. Drakopoulou, M., Skordoulis, C., & Halkia, K. (2005). History of science in 20th c. Greek science textbooks of primary education. In Proceedings International History, Philosophy and Science Teaching Conference (p. 12). Erten, S., Kiray, S. A., & Sen-Gumus, B. (2013). Influence of scientific stories on students ideas about science and scientists. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 1(2), 122-137. Good, J. J., Woodzicka, J. A., & Wingfield, L. C. (2010). The effects of gender stereotypic and counter-stereotypic textbook images on science performance. The Journal of social psychology, 150(2), 132-147. İdin, Ş., & Yalaki, Y. (2016). Türkiye’deki ortaokul fen bilimleri ders kitaplarında yer verilen Türk-İslam bilim insanlarının incelenmesi. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 30 (2), 37-52. Karaçam, S., Aydın, F., & Digilli, A. (2014). Fen ders kitaplarında sunulan bilim insanlarının basmakalıp bilim insanı imajı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(2), 606-627. Khine, M. (Ed.). (2013). Critical analysis of science textbooks: Evaluating instructional effectiveness. New York/London: Springer Khine, M. S., & Liu, Y. (2017). Descriptive analysis of the graphic representations of science textbooks. European Jourrnal of STEM Education, 2(3). doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/81285. Kılıç, F. (2010). Ortaöğretim kimya ders kitaplarında atom teorilerinin sunumunun bilim tarihi ve felsefesi açısından incelenmesi ve öğretmen görüşleri. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Köseoğlu, E., & Durukan, U. G. (2017). Fen bilgisi ders kitaplarında yer alan bilim insanları [Scientists in the science textbooks]. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(özel sayı), 321-344. Laçin Şimşek, C. (2009). Fen ve Teknoloji dersi öğretim programları ve ders kitapları bilim tarihinden ne kadar ve nasıl yararlanıyor?. İlköğretim Online, 8(1), 129-145. Laçin-Şimşek, C. (2011). Fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretim programı ve kitaplarında Türk-İslam bilginlerine yer verilme durumu. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 8(4), 154-168. Lee, V. R. (2010). Adaptations and continuities in the use and design of visual representations in US middle school science textbooks. International Journal of Science Education, 32(8), 1099–1126. Lehavi, Y., & Eylon, B. S. (2018). Integrating science education research and history and philosophy of science in developing an energy curriculum. In M. Matthews (Ed.), History, philosophy and science teaching. science: philosophy, history and education (pp. 235–260). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. McDonald, C. V., & Abd-El-Khalick, F. (2017). Representations of nature of science in school science textbooks: A global perspective. New York: Routledge. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı-Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı (MEB-TTKB). Ortaöğretim Kurumları Haftalık Ders Çizelgesi. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2018_02/21173451_ort_ogrtm_hdc_2018.pdf, (accessed April 2019). Nakiboğlu C., (2009). Deneyimli kimya öğretmenlerinin ortaöğretim kimya ders kitaplarını kullanımlarının incelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1–10. Niaz, M., & Coştu, B. (2012). Presentation of origin of the covalent bond in Turkish general chemistry textbooks: a history and philosophy of science perspective. Educación Química, 23(2), 257-264. Oberheim, E. (2016). Rediscovering Einstein’s legacy: How Einstein anticipates Kuhn and Feyerabend on the nature of science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 57, 17–26. Pellegrino, A., Peters-Burton, E., & Gallagher, M. (2018). Considering the nature and history of science in secondary science textbooks. The High School Journal,102(1), 18-45. Preston, C. M. (2017). Effect of a diagram on primary students’ understanding about electric circuits. Research in Science Education, 1-24. doi:10.1007/s11165-017-9662-y. Ramnarain, U. D., & Chanetsa, T. (2016). An analysis of South African grade 9 natural sciences textbooks for their representation of nature of science. International Journal of Science Education, 38, 922–933. Samaras, G., Bonoti, F., & Chistidou, V. (2012). Exploring children’s perceptions of scientists through drawings and interviews. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 1541–1546. Simon, J. (2015). History of Science. En Gunstone, R. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Science Education (pp. 456-459). Berlín: Springer-Verlag. Şimşek, H., & Yıldırım, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin. Tippett, C. D. (2016). What recent research on diagrams suggests about learning with rather than learning from visula representations in science. International Journal of Science Education, 38(5), 725-746. Turan, S. (2010). Bilimler Tarihçisi Fuat Sezgin. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları. Vesterinen, V.-M., Aksela,M., & Lavonen, J. (2013). Quantitative analysis of representations of nature of Science in Nordic upper secondary school textbooks using framework of analysis based on philosophy of chemistry. Science & Education, 22, 1839–1855. Villar, P., & Guppy, N. (2015). Gendered science: representational dynamics in British Columbia Science textbooks. Canadian Journal of Education, 38(3), 1–24. Wolfensberger, B., & Canella, C. (2015). Cooperative Learning about Nature of Science with a Case from the History of Science. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 10(6), 865-889. Yacoubian, H. A., Al- Khatib, L., & Mardirossian, T. (2017). Analysis of the image of scientists portrayed in the Lebanese national science textbooks. Science & Education, 26(5), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191- 017-9908-0. Yıldız, S. (2013). Lise biyoloji ders kitaplarında bilim tarihi kullanımının incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul.

Türkiye’deki Ortaöğretim Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitaplarında Yer Alan Bilim İnsanı Profillerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 977 - 991, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.702955

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de ortaöğretim düzeyinde fen bilimleri derslerinde okutulmak üzere hazırlanmış olan ders kitaplarındaki bilim insanı portrelerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2018-2019 döneminde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) Yayınevi’nin liseler, MEB Yayınevi’nin fen liseleri ve özel yayınevlerinin liselere yönelik biyoloji, fizik ve kimya derslerinde okutulmak üzere hazırladıkları toplam 33 ortaöğretim fen bilimleri ders kitabı çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman incelemesini içermektedir. Çalışmanın verileri, ders kitaplarındaki bilim insanlarının cinsiyetleri, milliyetleri, fiziksel özellikleri, bilimsel çalışma şekilleri ve çalışma ortamları bakımından sınıf düzeyi, fen bilimleri alanı ve yayın evi türüne göre analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, ders kitaplarında bilim insanlarının cinsiyet ve milliyet olarak eşit dağılmadığı bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak, bilim insanlarının basmakalıp olarak temsil edildiği ve çalışma çevreleri ile şekillerinin ise belirsiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkiye’deki ortaöğretim fen bilimleri ders kitaplarında sunulan bilim insanı tasvirlerinin yeniden düzenlenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abd-El-Khalick, F., Myers, J. Y., Summers, R., Brunner, J., Waight, N., Wahbeh, N., Zeineddin, A. A. & Belarmino, J. (2017). A longitudinal analysis of the extent and manner of representations of nature of science in U.S. high school biology and physics textbooks. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 54(1), 82–120. Abd-El-Khalick, F., Waters, M., & Le, A.-P. (2008). Representations of nature of science in high school chemistry textbooks over the past four decades. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45, 835–855. Acevedo-Díaz, J. A., & García-Carmona, A. (2016a). Rosalind Franklin y la estructura del ADN: un caso de historia de la ciencia para aprender sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia. Revista Científica, 25, 162–175. Acevedo-Díaz, J. A., & García-Carmona, A. (2016b). Uso de la historia de la ciencia para comprender aspectos de la naturaleza de la ciencia. Fundamentación de una propuesta basada en la controversia Pasteur versus Liebig sobre la fermentación. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, 11(33), 203–226. Archer, L., Dewitt, J., Osborne, J., Dillon, J., Willis, B. & Wong, B. (2010). ‘Doing’ science versus ‘being’ a scientist: Examining 10/11-year-old school children’s constructions of science through the lens of identity. Science Education, 94(4), 617–639. Bazler, J. A. and Simonis, D. A. (1991). Are high school chemistry textbooks gender fair?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28: 353–362. Carli, L. L., Alawa, L., Lee, Y., Zhao, B., & Kim, E. (2016). Stereotypes about gender and science: Women≠ scientists. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 244-260. Christidou, V., Hatzinikita, V., & Samaras, G. (2012). The image of scientific researchers and their activity in Greek adolescents’ drawings. Public Understanding of Science, 21(5), 626–647. Clough, M. P. (2017). History and Nature of Science in Science Education (Springer, New York), pp. 39-51. Condé, M. L., & Salomon, M. (2018). History of science and science education: A necessary dialogue. International Journal for the Historiography of Science, 5, 1-2. DeWitt, J., Archer, L., & Osborne, J. (2013). Nerdy, brainy and normal: children’s and parents’ constructions of those who are highly engaged with science. Research in Science Education, 43(4), 1455–1476. Drakopoulou, M., Skordoulis, C., & Halkia, K. (2005). History of science in 20th c. Greek science textbooks of primary education. In Proceedings International History, Philosophy and Science Teaching Conference (p. 12). Erten, S., Kiray, S. A., & Sen-Gumus, B. (2013). Influence of scientific stories on students ideas about science and scientists. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 1(2), 122-137. Good, J. J., Woodzicka, J. A., & Wingfield, L. C. (2010). The effects of gender stereotypic and counter-stereotypic textbook images on science performance. The Journal of social psychology, 150(2), 132-147. İdin, Ş., & Yalaki, Y. (2016). Türkiye’deki ortaokul fen bilimleri ders kitaplarında yer verilen Türk-İslam bilim insanlarının incelenmesi. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 30 (2), 37-52. Karaçam, S., Aydın, F., & Digilli, A. (2014). Fen ders kitaplarında sunulan bilim insanlarının basmakalıp bilim insanı imajı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(2), 606-627. Khine, M. (Ed.). (2013). Critical analysis of science textbooks: Evaluating instructional effectiveness. New York/London: Springer Khine, M. S., & Liu, Y. (2017). Descriptive analysis of the graphic representations of science textbooks. European Jourrnal of STEM Education, 2(3). doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/81285. Kılıç, F. (2010). Ortaöğretim kimya ders kitaplarında atom teorilerinin sunumunun bilim tarihi ve felsefesi açısından incelenmesi ve öğretmen görüşleri. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Köseoğlu, E., & Durukan, U. G. (2017). Fen bilgisi ders kitaplarında yer alan bilim insanları [Scientists in the science textbooks]. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(özel sayı), 321-344. Laçin Şimşek, C. (2009). Fen ve Teknoloji dersi öğretim programları ve ders kitapları bilim tarihinden ne kadar ve nasıl yararlanıyor?. İlköğretim Online, 8(1), 129-145. Laçin-Şimşek, C. (2011). Fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretim programı ve kitaplarında Türk-İslam bilginlerine yer verilme durumu. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 8(4), 154-168. Lee, V. R. (2010). Adaptations and continuities in the use and design of visual representations in US middle school science textbooks. International Journal of Science Education, 32(8), 1099–1126. Lehavi, Y., & Eylon, B. S. (2018). Integrating science education research and history and philosophy of science in developing an energy curriculum. In M. Matthews (Ed.), History, philosophy and science teaching. science: philosophy, history and education (pp. 235–260). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. McDonald, C. V., & Abd-El-Khalick, F. (2017). Representations of nature of science in school science textbooks: A global perspective. New York: Routledge. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı-Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı (MEB-TTKB). Ortaöğretim Kurumları Haftalık Ders Çizelgesi. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2018_02/21173451_ort_ogrtm_hdc_2018.pdf, (accessed April 2019). Nakiboğlu C., (2009). Deneyimli kimya öğretmenlerinin ortaöğretim kimya ders kitaplarını kullanımlarının incelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1–10. Niaz, M., & Coştu, B. (2012). Presentation of origin of the covalent bond in Turkish general chemistry textbooks: a history and philosophy of science perspective. Educación Química, 23(2), 257-264. Oberheim, E. (2016). Rediscovering Einstein’s legacy: How Einstein anticipates Kuhn and Feyerabend on the nature of science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 57, 17–26. Pellegrino, A., Peters-Burton, E., & Gallagher, M. (2018). Considering the nature and history of science in secondary science textbooks. The High School Journal,102(1), 18-45. Preston, C. M. (2017). Effect of a diagram on primary students’ understanding about electric circuits. Research in Science Education, 1-24. doi:10.1007/s11165-017-9662-y. Ramnarain, U. D., & Chanetsa, T. (2016). An analysis of South African grade 9 natural sciences textbooks for their representation of nature of science. International Journal of Science Education, 38, 922–933. Samaras, G., Bonoti, F., & Chistidou, V. (2012). Exploring children’s perceptions of scientists through drawings and interviews. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 1541–1546. Simon, J. (2015). History of Science. En Gunstone, R. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Science Education (pp. 456-459). Berlín: Springer-Verlag. Şimşek, H., & Yıldırım, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin. Tippett, C. D. (2016). What recent research on diagrams suggests about learning with rather than learning from visula representations in science. International Journal of Science Education, 38(5), 725-746. Turan, S. (2010). Bilimler Tarihçisi Fuat Sezgin. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları. Vesterinen, V.-M., Aksela,M., & Lavonen, J. (2013). Quantitative analysis of representations of nature of Science in Nordic upper secondary school textbooks using framework of analysis based on philosophy of chemistry. Science & Education, 22, 1839–1855. Villar, P., & Guppy, N. (2015). Gendered science: representational dynamics in British Columbia Science textbooks. Canadian Journal of Education, 38(3), 1–24. Wolfensberger, B., & Canella, C. (2015). Cooperative Learning about Nature of Science with a Case from the History of Science. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 10(6), 865-889. Yacoubian, H. A., Al- Khatib, L., & Mardirossian, T. (2017). Analysis of the image of scientists portrayed in the Lebanese national science textbooks. Science & Education, 26(5), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191- 017-9908-0. Yıldız, S. (2013). Lise biyoloji ders kitaplarında bilim tarihi kullanımının incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Volkan Göksu Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8202-7730

Tufan İnaltekin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3843-7393

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2020
Kabul Tarihi 30 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Göksu, V., & İnaltekin, T. (2020). Examining the Profiles of Scientists in Secondary Science Textbooks in Turkey. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(2), 977-991. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.702955