Rusya’nın Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü’ndeki Konumu: Sistematik Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

ÖZ Bu çalışma, 2001–2024 yılları arasında Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü (ŞİÖ) üzerine yayınlanmış ve belirli kriterlere uyan 40 hakemli makale, politika raporu ve kurumsal belgeyi sistematik bir derleme yöntemi kullanılarak incelemektedir. Bu derleme, literatürdeki yöntemsel eğilimleri, coğrafi odak ve aktör temsili, tematik öncelikler ve karşılaştırmalı kurumsal konum başlıklarını incelemektedir. Bu bulgular, literatürün %77,5'inin kuramsal ve politika odaklı çalışmalardan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Ancak ampirik veri temelli araştırmaların yeterli olmadığı görülmektedir. Rusya ve Çin, coğrafi odakta en üst sırada yer alırken, Orta Asya ülkeleri ve yeni üyeler çok az temsil edilmektedir. Tematik açıdan güvenlik alanındaki görece yüksek işlevselliğe rağmen, kurumsal kapasite geliştirme ve ekonomik entegrasyon konularında ilerlemenin sınırlı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı analizlerle, Rusya'nın Kolektif Güvenlik Antlaşması Örgütü (KGAÖ) ve Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği (AEB) içindeki tek taraflı liderliğinin ön plana çıktığı, ŞİÖ'de ise Çin ile güç dengesini paylaştığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, hem ŞİÖ literatüründeki boşlukları ortaya çıkarmakta hem de Avrasya'nın çok kutuplu düzenin inşasındaki kurumsal dinamiklerini anlamaya yardımcı olacak yapısal görünümü sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anahtar Kelimeler: Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü (ŞİÖ)
• Rusya
• Avrasya
• Bölgesel güvenlik
• Çok kutupluluk

Russia’s Position in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A Systematic Review

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study uses a systematic review method to examine 40 peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and institutional documents on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) published between 2001 and 2024 that meet specific criteria. This review examines methodological trends, geographic focus and actor representation, thematic priorities, and comparative institutional positioning. These findings indicate that 77.5% of the literature consists of theoretical and policy-oriented studies. However, empirical data-based research is insufficient. Russia and China are at the top of the list in geographic focus, while Central Asian countries and new members are very underrepresented. Despite relatively high functionality in the security field from a thematic perspective, progress in institutional capacity building and economic integration is limited. Comparative analyses reveal that Russia's unilateral leadership in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is prominent, while within the SCO, it shares the balance of power with China. The study both reveals the gaps in the SCO literature and provides a structural view that will help understand the institutional dynamics in the construction of the multipolar order in Eurasia.

Keywords

• Keywords: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
• Russia
• Eurasia
• Regional security
• Multipolarity

Kaynakça

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