Vatandaş Kent Mekân Deneyimleri: Türkiye Bağlamında Bir Ölçek Geliştirme, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, karma yöntem yaklaşımıyla Türkiye’nin Aksaray kentinde yaşayan vatandaşların sıradan günlük yaşam deneyimlerini hizmet mekânı ve deneyim mekânı perspektiflerinden yansıtan bir teorik model oluşturmak ve buna dayalı olarak kentsel mekân deneyimlerini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekler geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Nitel aşamada, maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemine göre yarı yapılandırılmış ve fotoğrafa dayalı görüşmelerle 59 katılımcıdan veri toplanmış, tümevarım yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kent deneyimlerinin kapalı ve açık mekân olmak üzere iki ana etkileşim noktasında yaşandığını göstermiştir. Nicel aşamada, kapalı ve açık mekân deneyim ölçekleri geliştirmek için birinci saha çalışmasında 669, ikinci saha çalışmasında 524 katılımcıdan kolayda örneklemeyle veri toplanmıştır. Analizlerde, açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, kapalı mekan kent deneyimlerinin kapalı mekan yeterlilik deneyimi, sosyal-sembolik deneyimler, duygusal deneyimler ve nostalji deneyimini içeren dört faktörlü bir yapı; açık mekan kent deneyimlerinin açık mekan yeterlilik deneyimi, sosyal deneyim, otantiklik deneyimi, duygusal deneyimler, estetik deneyim ve nostalji ve sosyal konfor deneyimlerini içeren altı faktörlü bir yapı olduğunu göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla çalışma, kavramsal alanyazına, araştırmacılara ve deneyim odaklı kent tasarımında uygulamaya önemli ipuçları sağlayabilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vatandaş Kent Mekân Deneyimi
• Kapalı Mekân Kent Deneyimi
• Açık Mekân Kent Deneyimi
• Ölçek Geliştirme
• Karma Yöntem Araştırması

Citizen Urbanscape Experiences: A Scale Development, Validity and Reliability Study in the Context of Türkiye

Öz

In this study, using a mixed-methods approach, aimed to create a theoretical model reflecting ordinary daily life experiences of citizens living in Aksaray, Türkiye, from servicescape and experiencescape perspectives, and develop valid and reliable scales for measuring their urbanscape experiences based on this model’s findings. In the qualitative phase, data were collected from 59 participants through semi-structured and photo-based interviews using maximum diversity sampling, and analyzed with an inductive approach. The findings revealed that urban experiences lived at two main touchpoints: indoor and outdoor places. In the quantitative phase, data were collected through convenience sampling from 669 participants in the first field study and 524 participants in the second field study to develop indoor and outdoor urban experience scales. Data were analyzed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results indicated that indoor urban experiences are a four-factor construct including indoor place adequacy experience, social-symbolic experiences, emotional experiences, and nostalgia experience; that outdoor urban experiences are a six-factor construct including outdoor place adequacy experience, social experience, authenticity experience, emotional experiences, aesthetic experience and nostalgia and social comfort experiences. The study provided important clues to the literature, researchers and practitioners in experience-oriented urban design.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Citizen Urbanscape Experience
• Indoor Urban Experience
• Outdoor Urban Experience
• Scale Development
• Mixed Methods Research

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