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Kinoa Ununun ve Kısmi Pişirilerek Dondurma Yönteminin Glutensiz Ekmek Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 406 - 427, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.647249

Öz

Bu çalışmada; farklı oranlarda (%5, 10, 20 ve %30)  kinoa unu  içeren ve kısmi pişirilerek dondurma yöntemiyle üretilen glutensiz ekmeklerin 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 gün depolanması sonrasında. bazı kimyasal, fiziksel, tekstürel ve duyusal kalite kriterlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Glutensiz un formülasyonu olarak; %53.15 pirinç unu, %24.53 nohut unu, %12.32 patates nişastası, %5 mısır unu ve %5 mısır nişastası karışımı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; kinoa unu ilavesi ekmek örneklerinin protein ve toplam diyet lif miktarlarını etkilemezken, nem, kül, kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg) ve fosfor (P) miktarları ile sertlik, sakızımsılık ve çiğnenebilirlilik gibi tekstürel değerlerini arttırmıştır. Renk değerlerinden parlaklık (L*) değeri azalmış, kırmızılık (a*) değeri artmış, sarılık (b*) değeri ise değişiklik göstermemiştir. Depolanan glutensiz ekmeklerde sertlik ve sakızımsılık artarken, elastikiyet ve esneklik azalmıştır. Soğuk depolama ile renk değerlerinde önemli bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre; kinoa unu ilavesi ve kısmi pişirerek dondurulup depolama işlemi glutensiz ekmeklerin kabul edilebilirliğini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Sonuç olarak kinoa ununun %30 oranına kadar formülasyona ilave edilmesinin uygun olduğu, ve glutensiz ekmeklerin 45 güne kadar kısmi pişirilerek dondurulup depolanabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-15/AR-GE/47

Kaynakça

  • Abasız, N. (2004). Ekmek Üretiminde Kullanılan Aktif Soya Ununun Performansını Arttırmada Lipaz ve Glukoz Oksidaz Enzim Katkılarının Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
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  • Alencar, N.M.M., Steel, C.J., Alvim, I.D., Morais, E.C., Bolini, H.M.A. (2015). Addition of Quinoa and Amaranth Flour in Gluten-free Breads Temporal Profile and Instrumental Analysis. Food Science and Technology, 62, 1011-1018.
  • Ali, A., Wani, T.A., Wani, A.I., Masoodi, F.A. (2014). Comparative Study of the Physico-chemical Properties of Rice and Corn Starches Grown in Indian Temperate Climate. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15, 75-82.
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  • Alvarenga, N., Lion, F., Belga, E., Motrena, P., Guerreiro, S., Carvalho, J., Canada, H. (2011). Characterization of Gluten-free Bread Prepared From Maize, Rice and Tapioca Flours Using the Hydrocolloid Seaweed Agar-Agar. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3, 64-68.
  • Alvarez, M.D., Herranz, B., Campos, G., Canet, W. (2017). Ready-to-Eat Chickpea Flour Puree or Cream Processed by Hydrostatic High Pressure with Final Microwave Heating. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 41, 90-99.
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  • Bhol, S., Johndonbosco, S. (2014). Influence of Malted Finger Millet and Red Kidney Bean Flour on Quality Characteristics of Developed Bread. Food Science and Technology, 55, 294-300.
  • Botero,.J.E., Lopez, M., Araya, A., Parada, M.A., Mendez, F., Pizarro, N., Espinosa, P.,Canales, T., Alarcon., C. (2011). Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients with Typical and a Typical Celiac Disease. Journal Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutritient, 3, 265-270.
  • Brito, I.L., Leite de Souza, E., Felex, S.S.S., Madruga, M.S., Yamashita, F., Magnani, M. (2015). Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Gluten-Free Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)-Based Cookies Development using an Experimental Mixture Design. Journal Food Science Technolgy, 52, 5866-5873.
  • Buresova, I., Tokar, M., Maracek, j., Hrivna, L., Famera, O., Sottnikova, V. (2017). The Comparison of the Effect of Added Amaranth, Buckwheat, Chickpea, Corn, Millet and Quinoa Flour on Rice Dough Rheological Characteristics, Textural and Sensory Quality of Bread. Journal of Cereal Science, 75, 158-164.
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  • Collar, C., Angioloni, A. (2014). Nutritional and Functional Performance of High β-Glucan Barley Flours in Breadmaking: Mixed Breads Versus Wheat Breads. European Food Research and Technology, 238, 459-469.
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  • Dirim, S.N., Ergün, K., Çalıskan, G., Özalp, H., Balkesen, N. (2014). Farklı Unların Ekmeğin Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda, 12(4), 27-35.
  • Erdemir, Z.Ş. (2015). Isıl İşlem Görmüş Bakla Ezme Tozunun Ekmek Yapımında Kullanımı ve Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli.
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The Effect of Quinoa Flour and Part-Baking Frozen Process on Gluten Free Bread Quality

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 406 - 427, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.647249

Öz

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the some chemical, physical, textural and sensorial quality of frozen part-baked  gluten-free breads (FPB-GFB) which contain different amounts of quinoa flour (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%)  after frozen storage 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 days.  53.15% rice flour, 24.53% chickpea flour, 12.32% potato starch, 5% corn flour and 5% corn starch mixture were used as gluten-free flour formulation. According to the obtained results; The addition of quinoa flour did not affect the protein and total dietary fiber content of FPB-GFB, but increased their moisture, ash, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) amounts and increased textural properties such as firmness, gumminess  and chewiness. Among crumb color parameters of FPB-GFB, while brightness (L *) decrease, redness (a *) increased, yellowness (b *) did not showed an important change. Firmness and gumminess of FPB-GFB increased whereas springiness and resilience were decreased during frozen storage. There was no significant change in color values with frozen  storage.According to sensorial scores; the addition of quinoa flour and part-baking and frozen storage process had a positive effect on the acceptability of gluten-free breads. As a result, it was found that addition of quinoa flour up to 30% level was suitable and gluten-free breads could be partially cooked and stored for up to 45 days.

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-15/AR-GE/47

Kaynakça

  • Abasız, N. (2004). Ekmek Üretiminde Kullanılan Aktif Soya Ununun Performansını Arttırmada Lipaz ve Glukoz Oksidaz Enzim Katkılarının Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Aguilar, N., Albanell, E., Minarro, B., Marta, C. (2015). Chickpea and Tiger Nut Flours as Alternatives to Emulsifier and Shortening in Gluten-Free Bread. Food Science and Technology, 62, 225-232.
  • Alencar, N.M.M., Steel, C.J., Alvim, I.D., Morais, E.C., Bolini, H.M.A. (2015). Addition of Quinoa and Amaranth Flour in Gluten-free Breads Temporal Profile and Instrumental Analysis. Food Science and Technology, 62, 1011-1018.
  • Ali, A., Wani, T.A., Wani, A.I., Masoodi, F.A. (2014). Comparative Study of the Physico-chemical Properties of Rice and Corn Starches Grown in Indian Temperate Climate. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15, 75-82.
  • Alifakı, Y.Ö. (2013). Nohut Unu İlavesinin Kekin Dielektrik Özelikleri ve Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Alvarenga, N., Lion, F., Belga, E., Motrena, P., Guerreiro, S., Carvalho, J., Canada, H. (2011). Characterization of Gluten-free Bread Prepared From Maize, Rice and Tapioca Flours Using the Hydrocolloid Seaweed Agar-Agar. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3, 64-68.
  • Alvarez, M.D., Herranz, B., Campos, G., Canet, W. (2017). Ready-to-Eat Chickpea Flour Puree or Cream Processed by Hydrostatic High Pressure with Final Microwave Heating. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 41, 90-99.
  • Arab, A.A.E., Helmy, I.M.F., Bareh, G.F. (2010). Nutritional Evaluation and Functional Properties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Flour and the Improvement of Spaghetti Produced from Its. Journal of American Science, 6(10), 1055-1072.
  • Axel, C., Röcker, B., Brosnan, B., Zannini, E., Furey, A., Coffey, A., Arendt, E. (2015). Application of Lactobacillus Amylovorus DSM19280 in Gluten-free Sourdough Bread to Improve the Microbial Shelf Life. Food Microbiol, 47, 36-44.
  • Barcenas, M.E., Rosell, C.M. (2006). Effect of Frozen Storage Time on the Bread Crumb and Aging of Par-Baked Bread. Food Chemistry, 95, 438–445.
  • Bhol, S., Johndonbosco, S. (2014). Influence of Malted Finger Millet and Red Kidney Bean Flour on Quality Characteristics of Developed Bread. Food Science and Technology, 55, 294-300.
  • Botero,.J.E., Lopez, M., Araya, A., Parada, M.A., Mendez, F., Pizarro, N., Espinosa, P.,Canales, T., Alarcon., C. (2011). Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients with Typical and a Typical Celiac Disease. Journal Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutritient, 3, 265-270.
  • Brito, I.L., Leite de Souza, E., Felex, S.S.S., Madruga, M.S., Yamashita, F., Magnani, M. (2015). Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Gluten-Free Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)-Based Cookies Development using an Experimental Mixture Design. Journal Food Science Technolgy, 52, 5866-5873.
  • Buresova, I., Tokar, M., Maracek, j., Hrivna, L., Famera, O., Sottnikova, V. (2017). The Comparison of the Effect of Added Amaranth, Buckwheat, Chickpea, Corn, Millet and Quinoa Flour on Rice Dough Rheological Characteristics, Textural and Sensory Quality of Bread. Journal of Cereal Science, 75, 158-164.
  • Caruso, R., Pallone, F., Stasi, E., Romeo, S., Monteleone, G. (2013). Appropriate Nutrient Supplementation in Celiac Disease. Annals of Medicine, 8, 522-531.
  • Collar, C., Angioloni, A. (2014). Nutritional and Functional Performance of High β-Glucan Barley Flours in Breadmaking: Mixed Breads Versus Wheat Breads. European Food Research and Technology, 238, 459-469.
  • Comai, S., Bertazzo, A., Bailoni, L., Zancato, M., Costa, C.V.L., Allegri, G. (2007). The Content of Proteic and Nonproteic (free and protein-bound) Tryptophan in Quinoa and Cereal Flours. Food Chemistry, 100, 1350-1355.
  • Çelik, İ., Kotancılar, H.G., Ertugay, Z. (1996). Doğu Anadoluda Yetiştirilen Buğdayların Fiziksel Kimyasal ve Teknolojik Özellikleri ile Ekmeklik Kalitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27 (4), 562-575.
  • Demiray, E., Çelik, İ., Nogay, O., Tülek, Y. (2015). Denizli Karahöyük Ekmeği Zıgır’ın Renk ve Tekstürel Özellikleri. Akademik Gıda, 13, 223-228.
  • Dirim, S.N., Ergün, K., Çalıskan, G., Özalp, H., Balkesen, N. (2014). Farklı Unların Ekmeğin Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda, 12(4), 27-35.
  • Erdemir, Z.Ş. (2015). Isıl İşlem Görmüş Bakla Ezme Tozunun Ekmek Yapımında Kullanımı ve Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli.
  • Fard, E.D. (2014). Köfte Tipi Et Ürünlerinde Emülsiye Edilmiş Zeytin Yağı ve Nohut Unu Kullanımının Ürün Özelliklerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
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  • Gül, H., Acun, S., Türk, S., Nayır, N., Şen, H. ( 2012). Doğal Antioksidan ve Diyet Lif Kaynağı Olarak Şarap İşletmeleri Atığı Olan Üzüm Posasının Fonksiyonel Ekmek Üretiminde Kullanılabilme Olanaklarının Araştırılması. TAGEM Rapor No: 10/AR-GE/08, 86s.
  • Gül H., Hayıt F. (2017, May). Optimization of Gluten-Free Bread Formulation by using Response Surface Methodology. Abstract Proceeding Book of International Conference on Agriculture, Forest, Food Sciences and Technologies (ICAFOF 2017) Conference, May 15 - 17, 2017, Cappadocia / Turkey.
  • Hatipoğlu, S. (2016). Patates Unu ve Gam İlavesinin Glutensiz Ekmek Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli.
  • Hayıt, F. (2018). Çölyak hastalarına yönelik kısmi pişirilerek dondurma yöntemi ile glutensiz ekmek üretimi ve kalitesinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Estitüsü, Isparta.
  • Hefnawy, T.M.H., El-Shourbagy, G.A., Ramadan, M.F. (2012). Impact of Adding Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Flour to Wheat Flour on the Rheological Properties of Toast Bread. International Food Research Journal, 19(2), 521-525.
  • Iglesias-Puig, E., Monedero, V., Haros, M. (2015). Bread with Whole Quinoa Flour and Bifidobacterial Phytases Increases Dietary Mineral Intake and Bioavailability. Food Science and Technology, 60, 71-77.
  • Iqbal, A., Khalil, I.A., Ateeq, N., Khan, M.S. (2006). Nutritional Quality of Important Food Legumes. Food Chemistry, 97, 331–335.
  • İşleroğlu, H., Dirim, S., Ertekin, F. (2009). Gluten İçermeyen, Hububat Esaslı Alternatif Ürün Formülasyonları ve Üretim Teknolojileri. Gıda, 34, 29-36.
  • Karagül, M., Ercan, R. (1993). Zenginleştirilmiş Ekmeklerde İşleme ve Depolama Sırasında Bazı Vitamin ve Mineral Madde Miktarlarındaki Değişmeler. Gıda, 18, 357-363.
  • Keskin, Ş., Evlice, K.A. (2015). Fırın Ürünlerinde Kinoa Kullanımı. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 150-156.
  • Kılınçarslan, O., Hepsağ, F. (2010). Kaplama Malzemesi Olarak Mısır Unlarının Bazı Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 5(2), 20-27.
  • Kittisuban, P., Ritthiruangdej, P., Suphantharika, M. (2014). Optimization of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Yeast β- Glucan, and Whey Protein Levels Based on Physical Properties of Gluten- Free Rice Bread Using Response Surface Methodology. Food Science and Technology, 57, 738-748.
  • Koehler, P. (2014). Celiac Disease and Gluten. Multidisciplinary Challenges and Opportunities, 1-96.
  • Kohajdova, Z., Karovičová, J., Magala, M. (2011). Utilisation of Chickpea Flour for Crackers Production. Acta Chimica Slovaca, 4(2), 98–107.
  • Korus, J., Witczak, M., Ziobro, R., Juszczak, L. (2017). Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) Flour and Protein Preparation as Natural Nutrients and Structure Forming Agents in Starch Based Glutenfree Bread. Food Science and Technology, 84, 143-150.
  • Kotancılar, G., Çelik, İ., Ertugay, Z., Elgün, A. (1996). Farklı Ambalajlarda Depolanan Katkılı ve Katkısız Unlarda Meydana Gelen Reolojik ve Ekmek Özelliklerindeki Değişimlerin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 31-49.
  • Koziol, M. (1992). Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 5, 35-68.Li, G., Zhu, F. (2017). Physicochemical Properties of Quinoa Flour as Affected by Starch Interactions. Food Chemistry, 221,1560–1568.
  • Martinez, M.M., Gomez, M. (2017). Rheological and Microstructural Evolution of the Most Common Gluten-Free Flours and Starches During Bread Fermentation and Baking. Journal of Food Engineering, 197, 78-86.
  • Martinez, M.M., Román, L., Gomez, M. (2018). Implications of Hydration Depletion in the in Vitro Starch Digestibility of White Bread Crumb and Crust. Food Chemistry, 239, 295-303.
  • Masure, H.G., Fierens, E., Delcour, J.A. (2016). Current and Forward Looking Experimental Approaches in Gluten-Free Bread Making Research. Journal of Cereal Science, 67, 92–111.
  • Mohammed, I., Ahmed, A.R., Senge, B. (2012). Dough Rheology and Bread Quality of Wheat–Chickpea Flour Blends. Industrial Crops and Products, 36, 196–202.
  • Mudgil, D., Barak, S., Khatkar, B.S. (2016). Optimization of Bread Firmness, Specific Loaf Volume and Sensory Acceptability of Bread with Soluble Fiber and Different Water Levels. Journal of Cereal Science, 70, 186-191.
  • Nehra, V., Marietta, E., Murray, J. (2013). Celiac Disease. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 298-306.
  • Nowak, V., Du, J., Charrondiere, U.R. (2016). Assessment of the Nutritional Composition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Chemistry, 193, 47-54.
  • Onyango, C., Mutungi, C., Unbehend, G., Lindhauer, M.G. (2010). Rheological and Baking Characteristics of Batter and Bread Prepared from Pregelatinised Cassava Starch and Sorghum and Modified Using Microbial Transglutaminase. Journal of Food Engineering, 97, 465-470.
  • Oxentenko, A.S., Murray, J.A. (2015). Celiac Disease: Ten Things That Every Gastroenterologist Should Know. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 8, 1396-1404.
  • Öztürk, S., Fırat, S., Tutar, A., Dizman, M. (2015). Humik Asitin Ekmek ve Kek Üretiminde Kullanımı. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1-5.
  • Özuğur, G., Hayta, M. (2011). Tahıl Esaslı Glutensiz Ürünlerin Besinsel ve Teknolojik Özelliklerinin İyileştirilmesi. Gıda, 36, 287-294.
  • Paciulli, M., Rinaldi, M., Cirlini, M., Scazzina, F., Chiavaro, E. (2016). Chestnut Flour Addition in Commercial Gluten-Free Bread, A Shelf-Life Study. Food Science and Technology, 70, 88-95.
  • Przetaczek-Roznowska, I. (2017). Physicochemical Properties of Starches Isolated from Pumpkin Compared with Potato and Corn Starches. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 101, 536-542.
  • Rababah, T.M., Mahasneh, M.A., Ereifej, K.I. (2006). Effect of Chickpea, Broad Bean, or Isolated Soy Protein Additions on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Biscuits. Journal of Food Science, 71, 6.
  • Rinaldi, M., Paciulli, M., Caligiani, A., Scazzina, F., Chiavaro, E. (2017). Sourdough Fermentation and Chestnut Flour in Gluten-Free Bread: A Shelflife Evaluation. Food Chemistry, 224, 144–152.
  • Rizzello, C.G., Calasso, M., Campanella, D., Angelis, M.D., Gobbetti, M. (2014). Use of Sourdough Fermentation and Mixture of Wheat, Chickpea, Lentil and Bean Flours for Enhancing the Nutritional, Texture and Sensory Characteristics of White Bread. International Journal of Food Microbiology 180, 78–87.
  • Rodge, A.B., Sonkamble, S.M., Salve, R.V., Hashmi, S.I. (2012). Effect of Hydrocolloid (guar gum) Incorporation on the Quality Characteristics of Bread. Journal Food Process Technolgy, 3, 2-7.
  • Rosell, C.M., Garzon, R. (2015). Chemical Composition of Bakery Products. Handbook of Food Chemistry, 1-28.
  • Rybicka, I., Swiglo, A.G. (2017). Minerals in Grain Gluten-Free Products. The Content of Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 59, 61-67.
  • Singh, P.N., Ram, H. (1990). Effect of Phosphorous and Sulphur Application on Protein and Amino Acid Contents in Chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 3, 36–39.
  • Torbica, A., Hadnadev, M., Hadnadev, T.D. (2012). Rice and Buckwheat Flour Characterisation and Its Relation to Cookie Quality. Food Research International, 48, 277–283.
  • Turkut, G.M., Çakmak, H., Kumcuoğlu, S., Tavman, S. (2016). Effect of Quinoa Flour on Gluten-Free Bread Batter Rheology and Bread Quality. Journal of Cereal Science, 69,174-181.
  • Ulukut, K.A.G. (2010). Çerezlik Mısır Hamuruna Nohut Unu, Yerfıstığı Unu Ve Kırmızıbiber Tohum Unu Eklenmesi Sonucu Isıl ve Reolojik Özelliklerde Meydana Gelen Değişimin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Villancacci, V., Ceppa, P., Tavani, E., Vindigni, C., Volta, U. (2011). Coeliac Disease: the Histology Report. Digestive and Liver Disease, 43, 385-395.
  • Wischmann, B., Ahmt, T., Bandsholm, O., Blennow, A., Young, N., Jeppesen, L., Thomsen, L. (2007). Testing Properties of Potato Starch from Different Scales of Isolations A Ringtest. Journal of Food Engineering, 79, 970–978.
  • Wu, Q., Miano, Y. (2008). Mechanochemical Efects of Micronization on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Flour. Carbohydrate Polymers, 72, 398–402.
  • Yarpuz, D. (2011). Glutensiz Ekmek Üzerine Araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Estitüsü, Konya.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Doğan, İ.S. (2015). Glutensiz Ekmek Karışımlarının Kalite ve Bileşenler Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Gıda, 40(6), 335-342.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatma Hayıt 0000-0003-0097-406X

Hülya Gül

Proje Numarası TAGEM-15/AR-GE/47
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hayıt, F., & Gül, H. (2019). Kinoa Ununun ve Kısmi Pişirilerek Dondurma Yönteminin Glutensiz Ekmek Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 406-427. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.647249

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