Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 535 - 564, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7444144

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arand, Charles P. vd. The Lutheran Confessions: History and Theology of the Book of Concord. USA: Fortress Press, 2012.
  • Aydın, Fuat. “Maksimus The Confessor ve Diyotelit Kristolojisi”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/22 (Nisan 2010), 48-70.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. “Hıristiyanlık”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. 17/340-345. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1998.
  • Bayrakdar, Mehmet. Bir Hıristiyan Doğması Teslis. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2015.
  • Beeke, Joel R. “Calvin on Piety”. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. ed. Donald K. McKim. 125-152. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Beintker, Michael. “Eucharist/Communion (Reformed Theology)”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed. Hans Dieter Betz vd. 4/635-636. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007).
  • Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. ed. John T. McNeill. çev. Ford Lewis Battles. 2 Cilt. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006.
  • Calvin, John. “Short Treatise On The Holy Supper Of Our Lord Jesus Christ”. John Calvin: Selections from His Writings. ed. John Dillenberger. 507-541. Philadelphia: Scholars Press, 1975.
  • Cross, Richard. Communicatio Idiomatum: Reformation Christological Debates. USA: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Denys, Edward P. Philip Melanchthon’s Unique Contribution to Education. Chiago: Loyola University Chiago, Doktora Tezi, 1973.
  • Dingel, Irene. “The Creation of Theological Profiles: The Understanding of the Lord’s Supper in Melanchthon and the Formula of Concord”. Philip Melanchthon Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controversy. ed. Robert Kolb vd. 263-281. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck- Ruprecht, 2012.
  • Erbaş, Ali. Hıristiyan Ayinleri. İstanbul: Nun Yayıncılık, 1998.
  • Eroğlu, Ahmet Hikmet. “Ekmek-Şarap Ayini (Evharistiya) Konusunda Katolikler ve Protestanlar Arasındaki Anlayış Farklılıkları”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 39 (Haziran 1999), 439-453.
  • Faber, Riemer A. “Philipp Melanchthon 1497-1560”. Clarion 46/21 (October 1997), 461-463.
  • Faber, Riemer A. “Philipp Melanchthon on Reformed Education”, Clarion 47/18 (September 1998), 428-431.
  • Fairbairn, Donald.- M. Reeves, Ryan. Story of Creeds and Confessions: Tracing the Development of the Christian Faith. USA: Baker Academic, 2019.
  • Hagenbach, Karl Rudolf. A Text Book of the History of Doctrines, 2 Cilt. New York: Sheldon- Company, 1867.
  • Hagglund, Bengt. “Melanchthon versus Luther: The Contemporary Struggle”. Concordia Theological Quarterly 44/2-3 (July 1980), 123-133.
  • Hesselink, I. John. “Calvin’s Theology”. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. ed. Donald K. McKim. 74-92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Janse, Wim. “Calvin’s Doctrine of The Lord’s Supper”. Perichoresis: The Theological Journal of Emanuel University 10/2 (June 2012), 137-163. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10297-012-0007-3
  • Jensen, Gordon A. “The Wittenberg Concord”. Lutheran Quarterly 31/2 (Summer 2017), 150-171. https://doi.org/10.1353/lut.2017.0023
  • Kaufmann, Thomas. “Eucharist/Communion (Reformation)”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed.Hans Dieter Betz vd. 4/626-629. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007.
  • Kolb, Robert. Martin Luther Confessor of the Faith. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Kolb, Robert. “The Critique of Melanchthon’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper by his “Gnesio-Lutheran” Students”. Philip Melanchthon Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controvers. ed. Robert Kolb vd. 236-262. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck- Ruprecht, 2012.
  • Kutsal Kitap: Tevrat, Zebur, İncil. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi- Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2016.
  • Küçük, Abdurrahman – Tümer, Günay. Dinler Tarihi. Ankara: Ocak Yayınları, 2.Basım, 1993.
  • Manschreck, Clyde L. Melanchthon: The Quiet Reformer. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1958.
  • Manschreck, Clyde L. “Preface”. Loci Communes 1555 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine. ed. Clyde L. Manschreck. vii-xxiv. The United States of America: Oxford University Press, 1965.
  • McGrath, Alister E. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. West Sussex: John Wiley- Sons Publication, 2012.
  • McGrath, Alister E.- C. Marks, Darren. "Protestantism: The Problem of Identity". The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism. ed. Alister E. McGrath- Darren C. Marks. 1-20. USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
  • McKim, Donald K. “Manducatio İmpiorum”. Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms. USA: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996.
  • Melanchthon, Philip. Loci Communes 1555 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine. ed. Clyde L. Manschreck. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
  • Mülle, Richard A. “From Zürich or from Wittenberg? An Examination of Calvin's Early Eucharistic Thought”. Calvin Theological Journal 45 (April-November 2010), 243-255.
  • Olgun, Hakan. Sekülerliğin Teolojik Kurgusu Protestanlık. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Olgun, Hakan. “Protestan Ahlakiliği Sorunu ve Philip Melanchthon”. Milel ve Nihal 2/1 (Ocak 2005), 115-144.
  • Ökten, Kaan H. Reformasyon Dönemi Siyasal ve Dinsel Düşünce Tarihine Giriş. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2003.
  • Richard, James William. Philip Melanchthon The Protestant Preceptor of Germany 1497-1560. London: G.P. Putnams’s Sons, 1902.
  • Rupp, Horst F. “Philipp Melanchthon”. Prospects 26/3 (September 1996), 610-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02195060
  • Scaer, David P. “Did Luther and Melanchthon Agree on the Real Presence”. Concordia Theological Quarterly 44/2-3 (July 1980), 141-147.
  • Scheible, Heinz. “Luther and Melanchthon”. Lutheran Quarterly 4/3 (Autumn 1990), 317-339.
  • Selderhuis, Herman J. “Martin Luther and John Calvin”. The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 21/4 (Winter 2017), 145-161.
  • Steiger, Johann Anselm. “Transubstantiation”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed. Hans Dieter Betz vd. 13/78-79. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007.
  • Stump, Joseph. Life of Philip Melanchthon. New York: Pilger Publishing, 2018.
  • Stupperich, Robert. Melanchthon. çev. İhsan Sarı. Bornova: Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1999.
  • Tafilowski, Ryan. "Marburg Colloquy". Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation. ed. Mark A. Lamport. 2/498-500. Maryland: Rowman- Littlefield Publishers, 2017.
  • Tarakçı, Muhammet. Protestanlıkta Sakramentler. Bursa: Emin Yayınları, 2012.
  • The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. ed. ve çev. Theodore Gerhardt Tappert. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 16. Basım. 1987.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. "Beyond Stereotypes: The Real Philip Melanchthon". Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 9-31. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Luther and Melanchthon on Consecrated Communion Wine (Eisleben 1542-43)”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 24-42. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Melanchthon and Luther/ Luther and Melanchthon”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 55-88. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Philip Melanchthon on Bible Translation and Commentaries”. Lutheran Quarterly 33/1 (Spring 2019), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.1353/lut.2019.0012
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Philip Melanchthon’s 1557 Lecture on Colossians 3:1–2 Christology as Context for the Controversy over the Lord’s Supper”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’ Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 209-235. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.

The Position of Philip Melanchthon in Protestant Reformation and his Understanding of the Eucharist

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 535 - 564, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7444144

Öz

Philip Melanchthon, one of the important leaders of the Reformation movement, went down in history as the person who shaped the Lutheran theology. He also studied on the basic principles of Protestantism. Although he won general approval for his contributions to Reform theology, he was criticized for the transformation of his thoughts during the Reformation struggle. The Sacrament of the Eucharist, which is one of the issues he was criticized for, is one of the obstacles to the doctrinal unification of the Protestant denominations such as Calvinism and Lutheranism. The discussions among the reformist clergy about the existence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist played an important role in determining the ranks of the Protestant leaders. Through intense discussions, Philip Melanchthon shared the same ideas with his companion Martin Luther about the physical existence of Jesus Christ. However, in the upcoming years of the Reformation, he was harshly criticized by the Lutheran clergy with the accusations that he betrayed Luther because of his new interpretations on the matter. It is understood that social events, religious radicalism and political developments in Germany influenced his thoughts. In this study, it is mentioned that Philip Melanchthon's studies in the Reformation movement, his contributions to Reformation theology, and his importance in the history of the Reformation. The primary concern of this study is the Sacrament of the Eucharist and Melanchthon's thoughts about the nature of the existence of Jesus Christ. In addition, Melanchthon and Reformed clergy’s thoughts about the Eucharist were compared, and it was aimed to reveal his original position in Protestantism by considering his approaches on this matter.

Kaynakça

  • Arand, Charles P. vd. The Lutheran Confessions: History and Theology of the Book of Concord. USA: Fortress Press, 2012.
  • Aydın, Fuat. “Maksimus The Confessor ve Diyotelit Kristolojisi”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/22 (Nisan 2010), 48-70.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. “Hıristiyanlık”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. 17/340-345. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1998.
  • Bayrakdar, Mehmet. Bir Hıristiyan Doğması Teslis. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2015.
  • Beeke, Joel R. “Calvin on Piety”. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. ed. Donald K. McKim. 125-152. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Beintker, Michael. “Eucharist/Communion (Reformed Theology)”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed. Hans Dieter Betz vd. 4/635-636. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007).
  • Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. ed. John T. McNeill. çev. Ford Lewis Battles. 2 Cilt. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006.
  • Calvin, John. “Short Treatise On The Holy Supper Of Our Lord Jesus Christ”. John Calvin: Selections from His Writings. ed. John Dillenberger. 507-541. Philadelphia: Scholars Press, 1975.
  • Cross, Richard. Communicatio Idiomatum: Reformation Christological Debates. USA: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Denys, Edward P. Philip Melanchthon’s Unique Contribution to Education. Chiago: Loyola University Chiago, Doktora Tezi, 1973.
  • Dingel, Irene. “The Creation of Theological Profiles: The Understanding of the Lord’s Supper in Melanchthon and the Formula of Concord”. Philip Melanchthon Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controversy. ed. Robert Kolb vd. 263-281. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck- Ruprecht, 2012.
  • Erbaş, Ali. Hıristiyan Ayinleri. İstanbul: Nun Yayıncılık, 1998.
  • Eroğlu, Ahmet Hikmet. “Ekmek-Şarap Ayini (Evharistiya) Konusunda Katolikler ve Protestanlar Arasındaki Anlayış Farklılıkları”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 39 (Haziran 1999), 439-453.
  • Faber, Riemer A. “Philipp Melanchthon 1497-1560”. Clarion 46/21 (October 1997), 461-463.
  • Faber, Riemer A. “Philipp Melanchthon on Reformed Education”, Clarion 47/18 (September 1998), 428-431.
  • Fairbairn, Donald.- M. Reeves, Ryan. Story of Creeds and Confessions: Tracing the Development of the Christian Faith. USA: Baker Academic, 2019.
  • Hagenbach, Karl Rudolf. A Text Book of the History of Doctrines, 2 Cilt. New York: Sheldon- Company, 1867.
  • Hagglund, Bengt. “Melanchthon versus Luther: The Contemporary Struggle”. Concordia Theological Quarterly 44/2-3 (July 1980), 123-133.
  • Hesselink, I. John. “Calvin’s Theology”. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. ed. Donald K. McKim. 74-92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Janse, Wim. “Calvin’s Doctrine of The Lord’s Supper”. Perichoresis: The Theological Journal of Emanuel University 10/2 (June 2012), 137-163. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10297-012-0007-3
  • Jensen, Gordon A. “The Wittenberg Concord”. Lutheran Quarterly 31/2 (Summer 2017), 150-171. https://doi.org/10.1353/lut.2017.0023
  • Kaufmann, Thomas. “Eucharist/Communion (Reformation)”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed.Hans Dieter Betz vd. 4/626-629. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007.
  • Kolb, Robert. Martin Luther Confessor of the Faith. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Kolb, Robert. “The Critique of Melanchthon’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper by his “Gnesio-Lutheran” Students”. Philip Melanchthon Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controvers. ed. Robert Kolb vd. 236-262. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck- Ruprecht, 2012.
  • Kutsal Kitap: Tevrat, Zebur, İncil. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi- Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2016.
  • Küçük, Abdurrahman – Tümer, Günay. Dinler Tarihi. Ankara: Ocak Yayınları, 2.Basım, 1993.
  • Manschreck, Clyde L. Melanchthon: The Quiet Reformer. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1958.
  • Manschreck, Clyde L. “Preface”. Loci Communes 1555 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine. ed. Clyde L. Manschreck. vii-xxiv. The United States of America: Oxford University Press, 1965.
  • McGrath, Alister E. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. West Sussex: John Wiley- Sons Publication, 2012.
  • McGrath, Alister E.- C. Marks, Darren. "Protestantism: The Problem of Identity". The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism. ed. Alister E. McGrath- Darren C. Marks. 1-20. USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
  • McKim, Donald K. “Manducatio İmpiorum”. Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms. USA: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996.
  • Melanchthon, Philip. Loci Communes 1555 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine. ed. Clyde L. Manschreck. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
  • Mülle, Richard A. “From Zürich or from Wittenberg? An Examination of Calvin's Early Eucharistic Thought”. Calvin Theological Journal 45 (April-November 2010), 243-255.
  • Olgun, Hakan. Sekülerliğin Teolojik Kurgusu Protestanlık. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Olgun, Hakan. “Protestan Ahlakiliği Sorunu ve Philip Melanchthon”. Milel ve Nihal 2/1 (Ocak 2005), 115-144.
  • Ökten, Kaan H. Reformasyon Dönemi Siyasal ve Dinsel Düşünce Tarihine Giriş. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2003.
  • Richard, James William. Philip Melanchthon The Protestant Preceptor of Germany 1497-1560. London: G.P. Putnams’s Sons, 1902.
  • Rupp, Horst F. “Philipp Melanchthon”. Prospects 26/3 (September 1996), 610-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02195060
  • Scaer, David P. “Did Luther and Melanchthon Agree on the Real Presence”. Concordia Theological Quarterly 44/2-3 (July 1980), 141-147.
  • Scheible, Heinz. “Luther and Melanchthon”. Lutheran Quarterly 4/3 (Autumn 1990), 317-339.
  • Selderhuis, Herman J. “Martin Luther and John Calvin”. The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 21/4 (Winter 2017), 145-161.
  • Steiger, Johann Anselm. “Transubstantiation”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed. Hans Dieter Betz vd. 13/78-79. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007.
  • Stump, Joseph. Life of Philip Melanchthon. New York: Pilger Publishing, 2018.
  • Stupperich, Robert. Melanchthon. çev. İhsan Sarı. Bornova: Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1999.
  • Tafilowski, Ryan. "Marburg Colloquy". Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation. ed. Mark A. Lamport. 2/498-500. Maryland: Rowman- Littlefield Publishers, 2017.
  • Tarakçı, Muhammet. Protestanlıkta Sakramentler. Bursa: Emin Yayınları, 2012.
  • The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. ed. ve çev. Theodore Gerhardt Tappert. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 16. Basım. 1987.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. "Beyond Stereotypes: The Real Philip Melanchthon". Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 9-31. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Luther and Melanchthon on Consecrated Communion Wine (Eisleben 1542-43)”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 24-42. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Melanchthon and Luther/ Luther and Melanchthon”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 55-88. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Philip Melanchthon on Bible Translation and Commentaries”. Lutheran Quarterly 33/1 (Spring 2019), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.1353/lut.2019.0012
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Philip Melanchthon’s 1557 Lecture on Colossians 3:1–2 Christology as Context for the Controversy over the Lord’s Supper”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’ Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 209-235. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.

Protestan Reformunda Philip Melanchthon’un Yeri ve Evharistiya Anlayışı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 535 - 564, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7444144

Öz

Reform hareketinin önemli liderlerinden biri olan Philip Melanchthon, Protestanlığın temel ilkelerine dair yaptığı çalışmaların yanı sıra Lutherci teolojiyi şekillendiren kişi olarak tarihte yer almaktadır. Reform teolojisine yaptığı katkılarla takdir toplamakla birlikte Reform mücadelesi içerisinde düşünce dünyasında geçirdiği dönüşüm sebebiyle eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Eleştirildiği meselelerden biri olan Evharistiya sakramenti, Kalvinizm ve Lutheranizm gibi Protestan mezheplerin kendi içerisinde doktrinel olarak birleşmelerinin önündeki engellerden biridir. Reformcu din adamları arasında Evharistiyada İsa Mesih’in varlığının mahiyeti ile ilgili hususta meydana gelen tartışmalar Protestan liderlerin saflarının belirlenmesinde önem arz etmiştir. Yaşanan yoğun tartışmalarda Philip Melanchthon, İsa Mesih’in fiziki olarak mevcut olduğuna dair söylemiyle dava arkadaşı Martin Luther’in görüşlerini paylaşmıştır. Ancak Reformun ilerleyen yıllarında konuya ilişkin getirdiği yeni yorumlarla Lutherci din adamları tarafından Luther’e ihanet ettiğine dair ithamlarla sert bir şekilde eleştirilmiştir. Almanya’da yaşanan toplumsal olayların, dinsel radikalizmin ve siyasi gelişmelerin etkisinin söylemlerine yansıdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırmada Philip Melanchthon’un Reform hareketi içerisindeki çalışmaları ele alınarak Reform teolojisine yaptığı katkılar ortaya konmakla birlikte Reform tarihindeki önemine değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın esas konusunu teşkil eden Evharistiya sakramenti ve İsa Mesih’in varlığının mahiyetine ilişkin görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca Melanchthon’un Evharistiya konusunda diğer Reformcu din adamları ile görüşleri mukayese edilmiş ve onun bu konudaki yaklaşımları ele alınarak Protestanlık içerisinde yer aldığı özgün konumunun ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Arand, Charles P. vd. The Lutheran Confessions: History and Theology of the Book of Concord. USA: Fortress Press, 2012.
  • Aydın, Fuat. “Maksimus The Confessor ve Diyotelit Kristolojisi”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/22 (Nisan 2010), 48-70.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. “Hıristiyanlık”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. 17/340-345. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1998.
  • Bayrakdar, Mehmet. Bir Hıristiyan Doğması Teslis. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2015.
  • Beeke, Joel R. “Calvin on Piety”. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. ed. Donald K. McKim. 125-152. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Beintker, Michael. “Eucharist/Communion (Reformed Theology)”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed. Hans Dieter Betz vd. 4/635-636. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007).
  • Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. ed. John T. McNeill. çev. Ford Lewis Battles. 2 Cilt. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006.
  • Calvin, John. “Short Treatise On The Holy Supper Of Our Lord Jesus Christ”. John Calvin: Selections from His Writings. ed. John Dillenberger. 507-541. Philadelphia: Scholars Press, 1975.
  • Cross, Richard. Communicatio Idiomatum: Reformation Christological Debates. USA: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Denys, Edward P. Philip Melanchthon’s Unique Contribution to Education. Chiago: Loyola University Chiago, Doktora Tezi, 1973.
  • Dingel, Irene. “The Creation of Theological Profiles: The Understanding of the Lord’s Supper in Melanchthon and the Formula of Concord”. Philip Melanchthon Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controversy. ed. Robert Kolb vd. 263-281. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck- Ruprecht, 2012.
  • Erbaş, Ali. Hıristiyan Ayinleri. İstanbul: Nun Yayıncılık, 1998.
  • Eroğlu, Ahmet Hikmet. “Ekmek-Şarap Ayini (Evharistiya) Konusunda Katolikler ve Protestanlar Arasındaki Anlayış Farklılıkları”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 39 (Haziran 1999), 439-453.
  • Faber, Riemer A. “Philipp Melanchthon 1497-1560”. Clarion 46/21 (October 1997), 461-463.
  • Faber, Riemer A. “Philipp Melanchthon on Reformed Education”, Clarion 47/18 (September 1998), 428-431.
  • Fairbairn, Donald.- M. Reeves, Ryan. Story of Creeds and Confessions: Tracing the Development of the Christian Faith. USA: Baker Academic, 2019.
  • Hagenbach, Karl Rudolf. A Text Book of the History of Doctrines, 2 Cilt. New York: Sheldon- Company, 1867.
  • Hagglund, Bengt. “Melanchthon versus Luther: The Contemporary Struggle”. Concordia Theological Quarterly 44/2-3 (July 1980), 123-133.
  • Hesselink, I. John. “Calvin’s Theology”. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. ed. Donald K. McKim. 74-92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Janse, Wim. “Calvin’s Doctrine of The Lord’s Supper”. Perichoresis: The Theological Journal of Emanuel University 10/2 (June 2012), 137-163. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10297-012-0007-3
  • Jensen, Gordon A. “The Wittenberg Concord”. Lutheran Quarterly 31/2 (Summer 2017), 150-171. https://doi.org/10.1353/lut.2017.0023
  • Kaufmann, Thomas. “Eucharist/Communion (Reformation)”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed.Hans Dieter Betz vd. 4/626-629. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007.
  • Kolb, Robert. Martin Luther Confessor of the Faith. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Kolb, Robert. “The Critique of Melanchthon’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper by his “Gnesio-Lutheran” Students”. Philip Melanchthon Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controvers. ed. Robert Kolb vd. 236-262. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck- Ruprecht, 2012.
  • Kutsal Kitap: Tevrat, Zebur, İncil. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi- Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2016.
  • Küçük, Abdurrahman – Tümer, Günay. Dinler Tarihi. Ankara: Ocak Yayınları, 2.Basım, 1993.
  • Manschreck, Clyde L. Melanchthon: The Quiet Reformer. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1958.
  • Manschreck, Clyde L. “Preface”. Loci Communes 1555 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine. ed. Clyde L. Manschreck. vii-xxiv. The United States of America: Oxford University Press, 1965.
  • McGrath, Alister E. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. West Sussex: John Wiley- Sons Publication, 2012.
  • McGrath, Alister E.- C. Marks, Darren. "Protestantism: The Problem of Identity". The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism. ed. Alister E. McGrath- Darren C. Marks. 1-20. USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
  • McKim, Donald K. “Manducatio İmpiorum”. Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms. USA: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996.
  • Melanchthon, Philip. Loci Communes 1555 Melanchthon on Christian Doctrine. ed. Clyde L. Manschreck. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
  • Mülle, Richard A. “From Zürich or from Wittenberg? An Examination of Calvin's Early Eucharistic Thought”. Calvin Theological Journal 45 (April-November 2010), 243-255.
  • Olgun, Hakan. Sekülerliğin Teolojik Kurgusu Protestanlık. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Olgun, Hakan. “Protestan Ahlakiliği Sorunu ve Philip Melanchthon”. Milel ve Nihal 2/1 (Ocak 2005), 115-144.
  • Ökten, Kaan H. Reformasyon Dönemi Siyasal ve Dinsel Düşünce Tarihine Giriş. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2003.
  • Richard, James William. Philip Melanchthon The Protestant Preceptor of Germany 1497-1560. London: G.P. Putnams’s Sons, 1902.
  • Rupp, Horst F. “Philipp Melanchthon”. Prospects 26/3 (September 1996), 610-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02195060
  • Scaer, David P. “Did Luther and Melanchthon Agree on the Real Presence”. Concordia Theological Quarterly 44/2-3 (July 1980), 141-147.
  • Scheible, Heinz. “Luther and Melanchthon”. Lutheran Quarterly 4/3 (Autumn 1990), 317-339.
  • Selderhuis, Herman J. “Martin Luther and John Calvin”. The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 21/4 (Winter 2017), 145-161.
  • Steiger, Johann Anselm. “Transubstantiation”. Encyclopedia of Theology and Religion: Religion Past- Present. ed. Hans Dieter Betz vd. 13/78-79. Leiden- Boston: Brill, 2007.
  • Stump, Joseph. Life of Philip Melanchthon. New York: Pilger Publishing, 2018.
  • Stupperich, Robert. Melanchthon. çev. İhsan Sarı. Bornova: Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1999.
  • Tafilowski, Ryan. "Marburg Colloquy". Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation. ed. Mark A. Lamport. 2/498-500. Maryland: Rowman- Littlefield Publishers, 2017.
  • Tarakçı, Muhammet. Protestanlıkta Sakramentler. Bursa: Emin Yayınları, 2012.
  • The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. ed. ve çev. Theodore Gerhardt Tappert. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 16. Basım. 1987.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. "Beyond Stereotypes: The Real Philip Melanchthon". Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 9-31. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Luther and Melanchthon on Consecrated Communion Wine (Eisleben 1542-43)”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 24-42. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Melanchthon and Luther/ Luther and Melanchthon”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’s Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 55-88. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Philip Melanchthon on Bible Translation and Commentaries”. Lutheran Quarterly 33/1 (Spring 2019), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.1353/lut.2019.0012
  • Wengert, Timothy J. “Philip Melanchthon’s 1557 Lecture on Colossians 3:1–2 Christology as Context for the Controversy over the Lord’s Supper”. Philip Melanchthon, Speaker of the Reformation: Wittenberg’ Other Reformer. ed. Timothy J. Wengert. 209-235. England: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Merve Demirel 0000-0002-3967-0867

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 11 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Demirel, Merve. “Protestan Reformunda Philip Melanchthon’un Yeri Ve Evharistiya Anlayışı”. Kocaeli İlahiyat Dergisi 6/2 (Aralık 2022), 535-564. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7444144.


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