Adaletin Anarşisi: Hesiodos’un Kaos’u, Anaksimender’in Apeiron’u ve Geometrik Düşünce

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 1, 1 - 16, 30.04.2022

James Grıffıth

Öz

Bu çalışma Hesiodes'in Kaos ve Anaksimender'in apeiron kavramlarının hem tek tek hem de mukayeseli bir incelemesini yapmakta, bu incelemeyi ise Öklid ve Kant'ın sınır (bound) ve kısıtlılıkları (limits) ve René Descartes'ın doğal geometri kavramı çerçevesinde gerçekleştirmektedir. Çalışmanın söz konusu çerçeve bağlamında gösterdiği üzere, Hesiodes şiirsel bakışı ile Kaos'ta farklı şeylerin var olabildiği bir sınırlandırma eylemi görürken Anaksimender spekülatif bir bakış ile apeironda sınırlandırılmış şeylerin aslında kendi özkısıtlılıkları nedeniyle kısıtlandırılmış olduğunu görmüştür. Başka bir deyişle, zaman, sınırlandırılmış şeylerin zamansallığından ayrıdır ve Kaos'un bir sonucudur. Dolayısıyla, Kaos ve apeiron, birlikte dünyanın uzay-zamansallığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, son olarak Anaksimender'in fragmanının detaylı bir incelemesi üzerinden apeironun zamansallığın temeli olduğunu ve her şeye hükmeden adalet (Dike) tarafından zaman olarak kapsandığını, yani adaletin temelsiz ve dolayısıyla anarşik olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaos, Apeiron, Adalet (Dike), Sınır, Kısıtlılık

The Anarchy of Justice: Hesiod’s Chaos, Anaximander’s Apeiron, and Geometric Thought

Öz

This article examines Hesiod’s Chaos and Anaximander’s apeiron individually and in relation to each other through the frame of René Descartes’ notion of natural geometry and through bounds and limits in Euclid and Immanuel Kant. Thanks to this frame, it shows that, in his poetic vision, Hesiod saw in Chaos the act of bounding such that different things can appear while, in his speculative vision, Anaximander saw in the apeiron the self-limiting limit of bounded things, which is to say, time as distinct from the temporality of bounded things resulting from Chaos. Thus, together, Chaos and the apeiron present the spatiotemporal order of the world. Finally, delving further into Anaximander’s fragment shows that the justice (dike) ruling over all includes the apeiron as the time foundational to temporality, meaning justice is without foundation and therefore anarchic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chaos, Apeiron, Dike, Bounds, Limit

Kaynakça

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