Žıžek’te İdeoloji, Fantezi, Tahakküm ve Evrensellik: Kavramsal Bağlantılar ve Antinomiler

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 2, 82 - 101, 22.10.2025

Can Büyükbay

Öz

This article examines four key works by Slavoj Žižek: “Philosophy, the ‘Unknown Knowns,’ and the Public Use of Reason” (2006), “The Structure of Domination Today: A Lacanian View” (2004), “The Violence of Fantasy” (2003), and “A Leftist Plea for Eurocentrism” (1998). It maps the conceptual links and antinomies that structure his political theory. Through close readings, the article demonstrates how Žižek mobilizes Lacanian psychoanalysis, Marxism, and poststructuralist critique to argue that ideology persists through “unknown knowns” and fantasy, while contemporary domination shifts from the Master’s discourse to the University discourse of depoliticized expertise. The article critically evaluates Žižek’s call for a renewed universalism as an emancipatory project and identifies unresolved tensions around agency, the particular–universal relation, and postcolonial critique. Synthesizing these texts and their major criticisms, the article contends that Žižek offers a powerful diagnostic of neoliberal power and ideological attachment but leaves open the problem of operationalizing universalism into a viable political strategy. The contribution is twofold: a unified architecture of Žižek’s account of ideology–fantasy–domination, and a clarification of the antinomies that delimit his universalist horizon in contemporary political thought.

Anahtar Kelimeler

antagonizma , postyapısalcı teori , fantezi , marksizm , psikanaliz

Žıžek’te İdeoloji, Fantezi, Tahakküm ve Evrensellik: Kavramsal Bağlantılar ve Antinomiler

Öz

Bu makale, Slavoj Žižek’in dört temel metnini—“Philosophy, the ‘Unknown Knowns,’ and the Public Use of Reason” (2006), “The Structure of Domination Today: A Lacanian View” (2004), “The Violence of Fantasy” (2003) ve “A Leftist Plea for Eurocentrism” (1998)— analiz ederek politik kuramının kavramsal bağlantılarını ve antinomilerini eleştirel biçimde incelemektedir. Žižek; Lacancı psikanaliz, Marksist kuram ve postyapısalcı eleştiri temelinde ideolojinin “bilinmeyen bilinenler” ve fantezi üzerinden sürdüğünü vurgular. Çağdaş tahakkümün ise Efendi söyleminden siyasetsizleştirilmiş uzmanlığa dayalı Üniversite söylemine geçtiğini öne sürer. Makale, Žižek’in özgürleştirici bir proje olarak değerlendirdiği evrenselcilik çağrısını; faillik, tikellik–evrensellik ilişkisi ve postkolonyal eleştiri çerçevesinde eleştirel biçimde değerlendirir. Metinleri ve başlıca itirazları sentezleyerek, Žižek’in neoliberal iktidar ve ideolojik bağlılık üzerine güçlü bir teşhis sunduğunu; ancak evrenselciliği uygulanabilir bir siyasal stratejiye dönüştüremediğini ileri sürer. Makalenin katkısı iki yönlü olup, Žižek’in ideoloji–fantezitahakküm kavramlarının bağlantılı analizi ve evrenselci ufkunu sınırlayan antinomilerin açıklığa kavuşturulmasını içerir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antagonizma , Fantezi , Psikanaliz , Postyapısalcı Teori , Marksizm

Kaynakça

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• Žižek, S. (1998). A leftist plea for ‘Eurocentrism’. Critical Inquiry, 24(4), 988–1009. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1344115
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