Gender-Based Human Rights Violations Against Women in The Context of Natural Disasters

Öz

Natural disasters and human rights are closely related. Natural disasters lead to violations of basic human rights of individuals such as the right to experience the right to benefit from qualified health services, the right to security and shelter. Natural disasters are also events that bring to light the already existing violations of human rights and inequalities in a society. Gender- based violence and discrimination, which is prevalent in some societies, especially against women and girls, increases with natural disasters. The most important factor underlying this increase is the social and cultural factors that support gender inequality and structure gender-based violence. In this study, the relationship between natural disasters and gender-based human rights violations against women and girls, which has been limited so far in local sources, is discussed. A literature review was conducted, mainly based on qualitative Research methods. On the other hand, foreign literature examining the relationship between natural disasters and gender-based violence and discrimination with quantitative methods was examined, and in these studies, a large amount of evidence was found that disasters affect women and girls disproportionately compared to men. In addition, alternative suggestions have been tried to be made regarding human rights violations against women within the scope of natural disasters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human rights
• Natural disasters
• Disaster management
• Gender based violence

Doğal Afetler Bağlamında Kadına Yönelik Cinsiyet Temelli İnsan Hakları İhlalleri

Öz

Doğal afetler ve insan hakları karşılıklı yakın ilişki içerisindedir. Doğal afetler yaşama hakkı, nitelikli sağlık hizmetlerin yararlanma hakkı, güvenlik ve barınma hakkı gibi, kişilerin temel insan haklarına yönelik ihlallere yol açmaktadır. Doğal afetler aynı zamanda bir toplumda zaten daha önceden mevcut olan insan haklarına yönelik aykırılıkları ve eşitsizlikleri gün yüzüne çıkaran olaylardır. Bazı toplumlarda özellikle kadınlara ve kız çocuklarına yönelik yaygınlık gösteren cinsiyete dayalı şiddet ve ayrımcılık doğal afetlerle birlikte daha fazla artış göstermektedir. Bu artışın temelinde yatan en önemli unsur, cinsiyet eşitsizliğini destekleyen ve cinsiyete dayalı şiddeti yapılandıran sosyal ve kültürel faktörlerdir. Bu çalışmada yerel kaynaklarda şimdiye kadar sınırlı ele alınan doğal afetler ile cinsiyet temelli kadınlara ve kız çocuklarına yönelik insan hakları ihlalleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerine dayalı bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Diğer yandan doğal afetler ile cinsiyete dayalı şiddet ve ayrımcılık arasındaki ilişkiyi nicel yöntemlerle inceleyen yabancı literatüre bakılmış ve bu çalışmalarda afetlerin, kadınları ve kız çocukları erkeklere kıyasla orantısız bir şekilde etkilediğine yönelik çok sayıda kanıtlara rastlanmıştır. Ayrıca doğal afetler kapsamında kadınlara yönelik insan hakları ihlalleri ile ilgili alternatif öneriler getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsan Hakları
• Doğal afetler
• Afet Yönetimi
• Cinsiyete Dayalı Şiddet.
• Human rights
• Natural disasters
• Disaster management
• Gender based violence

Kaynakça

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