Investigation of the Effect of Attachment Styles of Child Developmental Candidates on Violent and Non-Violent Criminal Behaviors
Yıl 2021,
, 602 - 615, 31.12.2021
Bayram Deleş
,
Oğuz Emre
,
Ayşegül Ulutaş Keskinkılıç
Öz
Attachment behaviors have an important place in individuals' lives and social relationships. Attachment is an individual's tendency to expect closeness from another person and feel safe. In this study, the effect of attachment styles on violent and non-violent criminal behavior was examined. The data of this study, which was carried out by using the quantitative research method relational screening model, were collected from 253 Child Development undergraduate students studying at the Department of Child Development of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Avrasya University in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the research, ‘Demographic Information Form’, ‘Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale’ and ‘Non-Violent and Violent Of Criminal Behavior Scale’ was used as data collection tools. SPSS data analysis program was used in the analysis of the research data. Variables and the effect of attachment on criminal behavior was tested through Linear regression analysis. The research showed that gender, age, parental education level and parental attitude variables affect the attachment styles of individuals. In addition, it was concluded that individuals who have a reliable attachment style have low levels of violent and non-violent criminal behavior.
Kaynakça
- Afşi̇n, R., Öğreti̇r Özçeli̇k, A. (2018). Suça sürüklenen çocuklar ile suça sürüklenmeyen çocukların algıladıkları anne ve baba tutumları ile ebeveyn bağlanma stillerinin karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17 (66), 384-400. DOI: 10.17755/esosder.294032.
- Aksoy, A. & Ögel, K. (2003). Kendine zarar verme davranışı. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry; 4:226-236.
- Arrigo, B. A., Griffin, A. (2004). Integrating Atachment Theory Psychopathy and Predatory Aggression: Serial Murder and the case of Aileen Wuornos, Behavioral Sciences and the Law Behav. Sci. Law 22: 375-393.
- Berlanda, S., Pedrazza, M., Fraizzoli, M., & de Cordova, F. (2019). Addressing risks of violence against healthcare staff in emergency departments: the effects of job satisfaction and attachment style. BioMed research international, Article ID 5430870, 12 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5430870.
- Besser, A., Luyten, P., & Mayes, L. C. (2012). Adult attachment and distress: The mediating role of humor styles. Individual Differences Research, 10(3), 153–164.
- Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
- Bo, S., Abu-Akel, A., Kongerslev, M., & Simonsen, E. (2020). Predictors of criminal offending in a clinical sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A 6-year follow-up study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment.
- Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (Vol. I). New York: Basic Books.
- Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. sadness and depression. Social Work, 54(1980), 107–116. http://doi.org/10.4135/9781446250990.n2.
- Brown, D. W., Riley, L., Butchart, A., Meddings, D. R., Kann, L., & Harvey, A. P. (2009). Exposure to physical and sexual violence and adverse health behaviours in African children: results from the Global School-based Student Health Survey. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 447-455.
- Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2002). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS release 10 for Windows: A guide for social scientist. Philedelphia: Routle.
- Cornish, D. ve Clarke, R. (1987). Understanding crime displacement: An application of rational choice the-ory. Criminology, 25(4), 933-947.
- Delson, C., Margolin, G. ve John, R. S. (2003). A typology of maritally violent men and correlates of violence in a community sample. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(3), 635-651.
- Dickinson, T. (2017). Non-violent threats and promises among closed-market drug dealers. International Journal of Drug Policy, 42, 7-14.
- Doyle, A. B., & Markiewicz, D. (2005). Parenting, marital conflict and adjustment from early- to mid-adolescence: Mediated by adolescent attachment style? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(2), 97–110. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-3209-7.
- Ermiş, B. S. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin bağlanma stilleri, aile yaşam doyumları ve duygusal özerlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Erzen, E. (2016). Three Dimensional attachment style scale. Inönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(3), 01-21. DOI: 10.17679/iuefd.17323631.
- Erzen, E., & Odacı, H. (2014). The effect of the attachment styles and self-efficacy of adolescents preparing for university entrance tests in Turkey on predicting test anxiety. Educational Psychology, (October 2014), 1–14. http://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.923555.
- Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2008). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Freeze, M.K., Burke, A., Vorster, A.C. (2014). The role of parental style in the conduct disorders: a comparison between adolescent boys with and without conduct disorder. J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 26:63–73.
- Giray Sözen, F. (2017). Aile ve Suçluluk. (Çev. Ed. Didem Yücel & Burak Gönültaş). Çocuk Suçluluğu.İstanbul: Nobel Yayıncılık. (ss.183-215)
- Kaya, Y., & Öz, F. (2020). Ergenlerin benlik algısı üzerinde algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarının ve bağlanma stillerinin rolü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. J Psychiatric Nurs 2020;11(2):106-114.
- Kırımer, F., Akça, E., & Sümer, N. (2014). Orta çocuklukta anneye kaygılı ve kaçınan bağlanma: Yakın ilişkilerde yaşantılar envanteri-II Orta Çocukluk Dönemi Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 17(33), 45–57.
- Koçak, M. ve Durak Batıgün, A. (2017). Şiddet içeren ve içermeyen suç davranışları ölçeğinin (ŞİSDÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.7816/kpd-01-01-01.
- Martins, C., Campos, S., Duarte, J., Martins, R., Moreira, T., & Andrade, A. (2018). Dating violence ın students attending higher education: predisposıng factors, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Thought, 07(03):289–296.
- Murray, J., Menezes, A. M., Hickman, M., Maughan, B., Gallo, E. A. G., Matijasevich, A.,... & Victora, C. G. (2015). Childhood behaviour problems predict crime and violence in late adolescence: Brazilian and British birth cohort studies. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 50(4), 579-589.
- Nixon, M., Thomas, S. D., Daffern, M., & Ogloff, J. R. (2017). Estimating the risk of crime and victimisation in people with intellectual disability: a data-linkage study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 52(5), 617-626.
- Nunes, F., Mota, C,P. (2017). Parenting styles and suicidal ideation in adolescents: mediating effect of attachment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26:734–47.
- Roberts, N., & Price, D. (2019). Gendered perceptions of domestic violence: how young females are more likely than young males to know controlling domestic violence behaviours. working paper. CASS, University of Sunderland, Sunderland.
- Roslyne Wilkinson, H., & Jones Bartoli, A. (2020). Antisocial behaviour and teacher–student relationship quality: The role of emotion‐related abilities and callous–unemotional traits. British Journal of Educational Psychology.
- Stover, C. S., Choi, M. J., & Mayes, L. C. (2018). The moderating role of attachment on the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent dating violence. Children and youth services review, 94, 679-688.
- Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. İstanbul: Seçkin.
- Thornton, A. J. V., Graham-Kevan, N. ve Archer, J. (2016). Intimate partner violence: Are the risk factors similar for men and women, and similar to other types of offending? Aggressive Behaviour, 42(4), 404-412.
- Torok, M., Darke, S., Shand, F. ve Kaye, S. (2014). Violent offending severity among injecting drug users: Ex-amining risk factors and issues around classification. Addictive Behaviors, 39(12), 1773–1778.
- Tussey, B. E., Tyler, K. A., & Simons, L. G. (2018). Poor parenting, attachment style, and dating violence perpetration among college students. Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260518760017.
- Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., Kozakowski, S. S., & Chauhan, P. (2018). Does adult attachment style mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental and physical health outcomes?. Child abuse & neglect, 76, 533-545.
- Wokoma, I. P., & Udochukwu, N. G. (2020). The influence of parenting styles on bullying behavior among students of secondary age in ikwerre local government area. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(2), 99-114.
- Yıldız, C. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin geçmişte yaşadıkları ayrılık kaygısı ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. doktora tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Young, S. M. (2013). Attachment style and risk taking: A theoretical approach to understanding young men who have sex with men. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23, 869–878. doi:10.1080/10911359.2013.803450
- Zimmermann, P. (2004). Attachment representations and characteristics of friendship relations during adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88(1), 83–101. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.02.002.
Çocuk Gelişimci Adaylarının Bağlanma Stillerinin Şiddet İçeren ve Şiddet İçermeyen Suç Davranışlarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Yıl 2021,
, 602 - 615, 31.12.2021
Bayram Deleş
,
Oğuz Emre
,
Ayşegül Ulutaş Keskinkılıç
Öz
Bağlanma stilleri, bireylerin yaşamında ve sosyal ilişkilerinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bağlanma, bireyin başka bir bireyden yakınlık bekleme eğilimi ve kendini güvende hissetmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bağlanma stillerinin şiddet içeren ve şiddet içermeyen suç davranışlarına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemi ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın verileri 2019/2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Avrasya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Çocuk Gelişimi bölümünde öğrenim gören 253 öğrenciden toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak ‘Demografik Bilgi Formu’, ‘Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği’ ve ‘Şiddet İçeren ve Şiddet İçermeyen Suç Davranışları Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri SPSS veri analiz programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin ve bağlanmanın suç davranışlarına etkisi Lineer regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda cinsiyet, yaş, anne baba öğrenim düzeyi ve anne baba tutumu değişkenlerinin bireylerin bağlanma stillerini etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca güvenli bağlanma stiline sahip olan bireylerin şiddet içeren ve şiddet içermeyen suç davranışlarının düşük olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Afşi̇n, R., Öğreti̇r Özçeli̇k, A. (2018). Suça sürüklenen çocuklar ile suça sürüklenmeyen çocukların algıladıkları anne ve baba tutumları ile ebeveyn bağlanma stillerinin karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17 (66), 384-400. DOI: 10.17755/esosder.294032.
- Aksoy, A. & Ögel, K. (2003). Kendine zarar verme davranışı. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry; 4:226-236.
- Arrigo, B. A., Griffin, A. (2004). Integrating Atachment Theory Psychopathy and Predatory Aggression: Serial Murder and the case of Aileen Wuornos, Behavioral Sciences and the Law Behav. Sci. Law 22: 375-393.
- Berlanda, S., Pedrazza, M., Fraizzoli, M., & de Cordova, F. (2019). Addressing risks of violence against healthcare staff in emergency departments: the effects of job satisfaction and attachment style. BioMed research international, Article ID 5430870, 12 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5430870.
- Besser, A., Luyten, P., & Mayes, L. C. (2012). Adult attachment and distress: The mediating role of humor styles. Individual Differences Research, 10(3), 153–164.
- Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
- Bo, S., Abu-Akel, A., Kongerslev, M., & Simonsen, E. (2020). Predictors of criminal offending in a clinical sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A 6-year follow-up study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment.
- Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (Vol. I). New York: Basic Books.
- Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. sadness and depression. Social Work, 54(1980), 107–116. http://doi.org/10.4135/9781446250990.n2.
- Brown, D. W., Riley, L., Butchart, A., Meddings, D. R., Kann, L., & Harvey, A. P. (2009). Exposure to physical and sexual violence and adverse health behaviours in African children: results from the Global School-based Student Health Survey. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 447-455.
- Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2002). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS release 10 for Windows: A guide for social scientist. Philedelphia: Routle.
- Cornish, D. ve Clarke, R. (1987). Understanding crime displacement: An application of rational choice the-ory. Criminology, 25(4), 933-947.
- Delson, C., Margolin, G. ve John, R. S. (2003). A typology of maritally violent men and correlates of violence in a community sample. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(3), 635-651.
- Dickinson, T. (2017). Non-violent threats and promises among closed-market drug dealers. International Journal of Drug Policy, 42, 7-14.
- Doyle, A. B., & Markiewicz, D. (2005). Parenting, marital conflict and adjustment from early- to mid-adolescence: Mediated by adolescent attachment style? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(2), 97–110. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-3209-7.
- Ermiş, B. S. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin bağlanma stilleri, aile yaşam doyumları ve duygusal özerlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Erzen, E. (2016). Three Dimensional attachment style scale. Inönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(3), 01-21. DOI: 10.17679/iuefd.17323631.
- Erzen, E., & Odacı, H. (2014). The effect of the attachment styles and self-efficacy of adolescents preparing for university entrance tests in Turkey on predicting test anxiety. Educational Psychology, (October 2014), 1–14. http://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.923555.
- Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2008). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Freeze, M.K., Burke, A., Vorster, A.C. (2014). The role of parental style in the conduct disorders: a comparison between adolescent boys with and without conduct disorder. J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 26:63–73.
- Giray Sözen, F. (2017). Aile ve Suçluluk. (Çev. Ed. Didem Yücel & Burak Gönültaş). Çocuk Suçluluğu.İstanbul: Nobel Yayıncılık. (ss.183-215)
- Kaya, Y., & Öz, F. (2020). Ergenlerin benlik algısı üzerinde algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarının ve bağlanma stillerinin rolü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. J Psychiatric Nurs 2020;11(2):106-114.
- Kırımer, F., Akça, E., & Sümer, N. (2014). Orta çocuklukta anneye kaygılı ve kaçınan bağlanma: Yakın ilişkilerde yaşantılar envanteri-II Orta Çocukluk Dönemi Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 17(33), 45–57.
- Koçak, M. ve Durak Batıgün, A. (2017). Şiddet içeren ve içermeyen suç davranışları ölçeğinin (ŞİSDÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.7816/kpd-01-01-01.
- Martins, C., Campos, S., Duarte, J., Martins, R., Moreira, T., & Andrade, A. (2018). Dating violence ın students attending higher education: predisposıng factors, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Thought, 07(03):289–296.
- Murray, J., Menezes, A. M., Hickman, M., Maughan, B., Gallo, E. A. G., Matijasevich, A.,... & Victora, C. G. (2015). Childhood behaviour problems predict crime and violence in late adolescence: Brazilian and British birth cohort studies. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 50(4), 579-589.
- Nixon, M., Thomas, S. D., Daffern, M., & Ogloff, J. R. (2017). Estimating the risk of crime and victimisation in people with intellectual disability: a data-linkage study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 52(5), 617-626.
- Nunes, F., Mota, C,P. (2017). Parenting styles and suicidal ideation in adolescents: mediating effect of attachment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26:734–47.
- Roberts, N., & Price, D. (2019). Gendered perceptions of domestic violence: how young females are more likely than young males to know controlling domestic violence behaviours. working paper. CASS, University of Sunderland, Sunderland.
- Roslyne Wilkinson, H., & Jones Bartoli, A. (2020). Antisocial behaviour and teacher–student relationship quality: The role of emotion‐related abilities and callous–unemotional traits. British Journal of Educational Psychology.
- Stover, C. S., Choi, M. J., & Mayes, L. C. (2018). The moderating role of attachment on the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent dating violence. Children and youth services review, 94, 679-688.
- Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. İstanbul: Seçkin.
- Thornton, A. J. V., Graham-Kevan, N. ve Archer, J. (2016). Intimate partner violence: Are the risk factors similar for men and women, and similar to other types of offending? Aggressive Behaviour, 42(4), 404-412.
- Torok, M., Darke, S., Shand, F. ve Kaye, S. (2014). Violent offending severity among injecting drug users: Ex-amining risk factors and issues around classification. Addictive Behaviors, 39(12), 1773–1778.
- Tussey, B. E., Tyler, K. A., & Simons, L. G. (2018). Poor parenting, attachment style, and dating violence perpetration among college students. Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260518760017.
- Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., Kozakowski, S. S., & Chauhan, P. (2018). Does adult attachment style mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental and physical health outcomes?. Child abuse & neglect, 76, 533-545.
- Wokoma, I. P., & Udochukwu, N. G. (2020). The influence of parenting styles on bullying behavior among students of secondary age in ikwerre local government area. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(2), 99-114.
- Yıldız, C. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin geçmişte yaşadıkları ayrılık kaygısı ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. doktora tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Young, S. M. (2013). Attachment style and risk taking: A theoretical approach to understanding young men who have sex with men. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23, 869–878. doi:10.1080/10911359.2013.803450
- Zimmermann, P. (2004). Attachment representations and characteristics of friendship relations during adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88(1), 83–101. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.02.002.