Retrospective Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Cats and Dogs: 570 Cases

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 182 - 188, 30.06.2022

Ekrem Çağatay Çolakoğlu Kadir Sevim Aslan Kalınbacak Ufuk Kaya

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1061377

Öz

Retrospective evaluation of the cardiopulmonary data is the main point in prevention and treatment of the diseases. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate the data of 570 client-owned patients (321 dogs and 249 cats) referred to cardiology unit. The clinical findings, electrocardiographic data, echocardiography and blood analyses were evaluated. Acquired heart disease in 214 patients (37.54%), congenital heart disease in 38 patients (6.6%), and diseases affecting the lower and/or upper respiratory tract in 98 patients (17.19%) were found. Dilated cardiomyopathy was the most common acquired heart disease, and patent ductus arteriosus was the most common congenital heart disease in dogs. In cats, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most common acquired heart disease, while tricuspid valve dysplasia was the most common congenital heart disease. It was concluded that clinical findings, physical examination and diagnostic applications should be evaluated together in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cardiopulmonary, cat, dilated cardiomyopathy, dog, mitral, health disease

Destekleyen Kurum

Ankara Üniversitesi BAP Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

20A0239001

Kedi ve Köpeklerde Kardiyopulmoner Hastalıkların Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi: 570 Hasta

Öz

Kardiyopulmoner verilerin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde temel noktadır. Bu çalışmada kardiyoloji birimine getirilen 321’i köpek ve 249’u kedi olmak üzere toplam 570 sahipli hastanın verilerinin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Hastaların klinik bulguları, elektrokardiyografik verileri, ekokardiyografileri ve kan analizleri değerlendirildi. 214 hastada (%37,54) edinsel kalp hastalığı, 38 hastada (%6.6) konjenital kalp hastalığı, 98 hastada (%17,19) alt ve/veya üst solunum yollarını etkileyen hastalıklara rastlandı. Köpeklerde edinsel kalp hastalıklarından en çok dilate kardiyomyopati, konjenital kalp hastalıklarından ise patent ductus arteriosus tespit edildi. Kedilerde ise hipertrofik kardiyomyopati en çok karşılaşılan edinsel kalp hastalığı olurken, triküspit kapak displazisi ise en çok görülen konjenital kalp hastalığıydı. Sonuç olarak kardiyopulmoner hastalıkların teşhisinde klinik bulgular, fiziksel muayene bulguları ve diyagnostik metodların beraber değerlendirilmesi gerektiği kanısına varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dilate kardiyomyopati, mitral, kardiyopulmoner, kedi, köpek., kalp hastalıkları

Proje Numarası

20A0239001

Kaynakça

• Backus RC, Cohen G, Pion PD, Good KL, Rogers QR, Fascetti AJ. Taurine deficiency in Newfoundlands fed commercially available complete and balanced diets. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.2003;223(8):1130–1136.
• Backus RC, Ko KS, Fascetti AJ, Kittleson MD, Macdonald KA, Maggs DJ, Berg JR, Rogers QR. Low plasma taurine concentration in Newfoundland dogs is associated with low plasma methionine and cyst(e)ine concentrations and low taurine synthesis. J. Nutr. 2006;136(10):2525–2533.
• Beier P, Reese S, Holler PJ, Simak J, Tater G, Wess G. The role of hypothyroidism in the etiology and progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2015;29(1):141–149.
• Bélanger MC, Ouellet M, Queney G, Moreau M. Taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy in a family of golden retrievers. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 2005;41(5):284–291.
• Bonagura JD, Visser LC. Echocardiographic assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J. Vet. Cardiol. 2021 (article in press)
• Borgarelli M, Buchanan JW. Historical review, epidemiology and natural history of degenerative mitral valve disease. J. Vet. Cardiol. 2012;14(1):93–101.
• Chetboul V, Passavin P, Trehiou‐Sechi E, Gouni V, Poissonnier C, Pouchelon J, Desquilbet L. Clinical, epidemiological and echocardiographic features and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of 92 cases (2001‐2015). J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2019;33(3):1222–1231.
• Cihan H, Yılmaz Z. Bursa’daki köpeklerde kalp hastalıklarının prevalansı. Uludağ Üniversitesi; 2011;30(2):5-10.
• Çolakoğlu E, Kurtdede A, Haydardedeoğlu A, Alihosseini H, Özen D, Aydemir E. Evaluation of the cardiopulmonary consultation requests in 88 dogs with heart disease. Vet. Fakültesi Derg. 2017;64:191–198.
• Côté E, MacDonald KA, Meurs KM, Sleeper MM. Congenital Heart Disease, In: Feline Cardiology, Ed; John Wiley & Sons, 1st Ed., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, UK. 2011a; pp.85-100.
• Côté E, MacDonald KA, Meurs KM, Sleeper MM. Dilated Cardiomyopathy, In: Feline Cardiology, Ed; John Wiley & Sons, 1st Ed., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, UK. 2011b; pp.183-187.
• Dukes-McEwan J, Borgarelli M, Tidholm A, Vollmar AC, Häggström J. Proposed Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J. Vet. Cardiol. 2003;5(2):7–19.
• Dukes-McEwan J. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy, In:BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Ed; Fuentes VL, Johnson LR, Dennis S, 2nd Ed., Woodrow House, 1 Telford Way, Waterwells Business Park, Quedgeley, UK. 2016; pp.200-212.
• Fascetti AJ, Reed JR, Rogers QR, Backus RC. Taurine deficiency in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy: 12 cases (1997-2001). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 2003;223(8):1137–1141.
• Ferasin L, Sturgess CP, Cannon MJ, Caney SMA, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Wotton PR. Feline idiopathic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 106 cats (1994-2001). J. Feline Med. Surg. 2003;5(3):151–159.
• Freid KJ, Freeman LM, Rush JE, Cunningham SM, Davis MS, Karlin ET, Yang VK. Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2021;35(1):58–67.
• Garncarz M, Parzeniecka-Jaworska M, Szalus O. Congenital heart defects in dogs: A retrospective study of 301 dogs. Med. Weter. 2017;73:651–656.
• Ho J, Hussain S, Sparagano O. Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Spark a Public Interest in Pet Adoption? Front. Vet. Sci. 2021;8:444.
• Höllmer M, Willesen JL, Tolver A, Koch J. Left atrial volume and function in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease. J. Vet. Cardiol. 2017;19(1):24–34.
• Jalongo MR. Pet Keeping in the Time of COVID-19: The Canine and Feline Companions of Young Children. Early Child. Educ. J. Springer. 2021;1–11.
• Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, Fox PR, Häggström J, Fuentes VL, Oyama MA, Rush JE, Stepien R, Uechi M. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2019;33(3):1127–1140.
• Kibar M, Oğrak Y, Apaydın N, Çam Y. Kangal Irkı Köpeklerde Doğmasal Kalp Hastalıklarında Doppler Ekokardiografik Muayene Bulguları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Vet. Fakültesi Derg. 2008;5(2):73–79.
• Kim H-T, Han S-M, Song W-J, Kim B, Choi M, Yoon J, Youn H-Y. Retrospective study of degenerative mitral valve disease in small-breed dogs: survival and prognostic variables. J. Vet. Sci. 2017;18(3):369–376.
• Kimura Y, Fukushima R, Hirakawa A, Kobayashi M, Machida N. Epidemiological and clinical features of the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy in cats: a review of 41 cases. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2016;15–0373.
• Locatelli C, Pradelli D, Campo G, Spalla I, Savarese A, Brambilla PG, Bussadori C. Survival and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: a review of 90 cases. J. Feline Med. Surg. 2018;20(12):1138–1143.
• Luis Fuentes V, Abbott J, Chetboul V, Côté E, Fox PR, Häggström J, Kittleson MD, Schober K, Stern JA. ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2020;34(3):1062–1077.
• Martin MWS, Stafford Johnson MJ, Celona B. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases. J. Small Anim. Pract. 2009;50(1):23–29.
• Martin MWS, Stafford Johnson MJ, Strehlau G, King JN. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of prognostic findings in 367 clinical cases. J. Small Anim. 2010;51(8):428–436.
• Mattin MJ, Boswood A, Church DB, López‐Alvarez J, McGreevy PD, O’Neill DG, Thomson PC, Brodbelt DC. Prevalence of and risk factors for degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in England. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2015;29(3):847–854.
• McCauley SR, Clark SD, Quest BW, Streeter RM, Oxford EM. Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns. J. Anim. Sci. 2020;98(6):155.
• Oliveira P, Domenech O, Silva J, Vannini S, Bussadori R, Bussadori C. Retrospective review of congenital heart disease in 976 dogs. J. Vet. Intern. 2011;25(3):477–483.
• Payne JR, Luis Fuentes V, Boswood A, Connolly D, Koffas H, Brodbelt D. Population characteristics and survival in 127 referred cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1997 to 2005). J. Small Anim. Pract. 2010;51(10):540–547.
• Payne JR, Borgeat K, Connolly DJ, Boswood A, Dennis S, Wagner T, Menaut P, Maerz I, Evans D, Simons VE. Prognostic indicators in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2013;27(6):1427–1436.
• Payne JR, Brodbelt DC, Fuentes VL. Cardiomyopathy prevalence in 780 apparently healthy cats in rehoming centres (the CatScan study). J. Vet. Cardiol. 2015;17:244–257.
• Petrič AD. Myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs− An update and perspectives. Maced. Vet. Rev. 2015;38:13–20. Rush JE, Freeman LM, Fenollosa NK, Brown DJ. Population and survival characteristics of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 260 cases (1990–1999). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 2002;220(2):202–207.
• Sevim K, Çolakoğlu EÇ. Non-taurine responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in 2 cats. Ankara Üniversitesi Vet. Fakültesi Derg. 2021;68:301-306
• Oyama MA, Strickland KN. Congenital Heart Disease, In: Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology, Ed; Smith FWK, Tilley LP, Oyama M, Sleeper MM, 5th Ed., Riverport Lane St. Louis, USA. 2015;pp.218-238.
• Spalla I, Locatelli C, Riscazzi G, Santagostino S, Cremaschi E, Brambilla P. Survival in cats with primary and secondary cardiomyopathies. J. Feline Med. Surg. 2016;18(6):501–509.
• Tidholm A, Häggström J, Borgarelli M, Tarducci A. Canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Part I: aetiology, clinical characteristics, epidemiology and pathology. Vet. J. Elsevier. 2001;162(2):92–107.
• Trehiou‐Sechi E, Tissier R, Gouni V, Misbach C, Petit AMP, Balouka D, Carlos Sampedrano C, Castaignet M, Pouchelon J, Chetboul V. Comparative echocardiographic and clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 5 breeds of cats: a retrospective analysis of 344 cases (2001–2011). J. Vet. Intern. Med.2012;26(3):532–541.
• Vollmar AC, Fox PR, Servet E, Biourge V. Determination of the prevalence of whole blood taurine in Irish wolfhound dogs with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy. J. Vet. Cardiol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Vet. Cardiol. 2013;15(3):189–196.
• Ware WA,Ward JL. Myocardial Disease of the Cat, In: Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ed; Nelson RW, Couto CG, 6th Ed., Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 2019;pp.158-167.
• Wilkie LJ, Smith K, Fuentes VL. Cardiac pathology findings in 252 cats presented for necropsy; a comparison of cats with unexpected death versus other deaths. J. Vet. Cardiol. 2015;17:329–340.