Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Orta Çocukluk Döneminde Umut ve Ebeveynlere Güvenli Bağlanma

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 44, 1 - 20, 21.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.317054

Öz

Çocuk
gelişiminde anne, baba ve çocuk etkileşiminin önemi bilindiğinden bu çalışma
bağlanma kuramı ve umut kuramı temelinde planlanmıştır.  Çünkü umutlu düşünme becerileri yakınlığa
dayalı ilişkilerin olduğu güvenli ortamlarda gelişmektedir. Bu temellerden
hareketle, çalışmanın amacı, çocukların anneye bağlanma, babaya bağlanma düzeyi
ve cinsiyet değişkenlerinin umut düzeylerini yordamadaki rolünü belirlemektir.  Araştırmanın
çalışma grubunu, İzmir iline bağlı ilköğretim okullarında 4., 5. ve 6. sınıfa
devam eden 173'ü kız, 207'si erkek olmak üzere 380 çocuk oluşturmuştur.
Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kerns Güvenli Bağlanma Ölçeği ve Çocuklarda
Umut Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde
Pearson Momentler
Çarpımı Korelasyonu ve
çoklu regresyon analizi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda,
anneye
güvenli bağlanma ve babaya güvenli bağlanma değişkenlerinin umut değişkenini anlamlı
düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet değişkeni ile umut değişkeni arasında
anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki bulunamadığından regresyon analizine dahil
edilmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular daha önce yapılan araştırmalar çerçevesinde
tartışılmış, araştırma ve uygulamaya dönük önerilerde bulunulmuştur. 

Kaynakça

  • Barnum, D. D., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A., Mani, M. M., ve Thompson, R. (1998). Hope and social support in the psychological adjustment of pediatric burn survivors and matched controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15 – 30.
  • Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding the patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43 – 88.
  • Bernardo, A. B. (2015). Hope in earlyadolescence: measuring internal and external locus-of-hope, Child IndicatorsResearch, 8(3), s. 699-715.
  • Blake, J., ve Norton, C. L. (2014). Examining the relationship between hope and attachment: A meta-analysis. Psychology, 5, 556-565.
  • Bowbly, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. vol. 1: attachment. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.
  • Çelik, D.,A., Çetin, F. ve Tutkun, E. (2014). The role of proximal and distal resilience factors and locus of control in understanding hope, self-esteem and academic achievement among turkish pre-adolescents. Current Psychology, Doi: 10.1007/s12144-014-9260-3
  • Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheurer-Englisch, H. ve Zimmerman, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child-father attachment relationship: Fathers’ sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11, 307-331.
  • Hazan, C., ve Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511.
  • Jiang, XU, Huebner, E.S.ve Hills, K.J.(2013). Parent attachment and early adolescents’ life satisfaction: The mediation effect of hope. Psychology in the Schools, 50(4). doi: 10.1002/pits.21680
  • Karavasilis, L., Doyle, A.B.ve Markiewicz, D. (2003). Associations between parenting style and attachment to mother in middle childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27 (2), 153–164.
  • Kerns, K. A., Klepac, L. ve Cole, A. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the childmother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32, 457- 466.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. In L.W. Porter, & M. R. Rosenzweig (Eds.), Annual review of psychology 44, (1–21). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc.
  • Marques, S.C., Pais-Ribeiro, J.L. ve Lopez, S.J. (2011). The role of positive psychology constructs in predicting mental health and academic achievement in children and adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study. Happiness Study. 12, 1049–1062.
  • McDermott, R.C., Cheng H.L., Wright, C., Browning B.R., Upton A.W.ve Sevig, T.D. ( 2015). Adult attachment dimensions and college student distress: the mediating role of hope. The Counseling Psychologist. 43(6), 822-852.
  • Merkas, M. ve Brojsa_Zganec,A. ( 2011). Children with different levels of hope: are there differences in their self-esteem, life satisfaction, social support and family Choesion?. Child Indicators Research, 4, 499-514.
  • Parker, P.D., Ciarrochi, J.,Heaven, P., Marshall, S., Sahdra, B. ve Kiuru, N. (2015). Hope, Friends, and Subjective Well-Being: A Social Network Approach to Peer Group Contextual Effects. Child Development, 86 (2), 642–650.
  • Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X. ve Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 22, 685-715. doi:10.1521/jscp.22.6.685. 22938.
  • Shorey, H.S., Little, T.D., Snyder, C.R., Kluck, B. ve Robitschek, C. (2007). Hope and personal growth initiativge: A comparison of positive, future-oriented constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1917-1926.
  • Sim, T.N. ve Yow, A.S. (2011). God attachment, mother attachment, and father attachment in early and middle adolescence. Relig Health, 50:264–278. Doi: 10.1007/s10943-010-9342-y
  • Simmons, B. L., Nelson, D. L., ve Quick, J. C. (2003). Health for the hopeful: A study of attachment behavior in home healthcare nurses. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 361–375.
  • Simmons, B.L., Gooty, J., Nelson, D.L. ve Little L.M. (2009). Secure attachment: implications for hope, trust, burnout, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 233–247.
  • Sümer, N. ve Anafarta Şendağ, M. (2009). Orta çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlere bağlanma, benlik algısı ve kaygı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24 (63), 86-101.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2000). Hypothesis: There is hope. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications (pp. 3-21). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2005). Measuring hope in children. In K. A. Moore & L. H. Lippman (Eds.), What do children need to flourish? Conceptualizing and measuring indicators of positive development (pp. 61-73). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Snyder, C.R., Sympson, S.C., Ybasco, F.C., Borders, T.F., Babyak, M.A., & Higgins, R.L., (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 321–335.
  • Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., & Danovsky, M. (1997). The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22 (3) 399 – 421.
  • Snyder, C. R., Feldman, D. B., Taylor, J. D., Schroeder, L. L., & Adams, V. (2000). The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 15, 262-295.
  • Snyder, C.R., Shorey, H.S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K.M., Adames III, V.H., & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and academic success in college. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 820-826.
  • Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., Shorey, H. S., Rand, K. L. ve Feldman, D. B. (2003). Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology. School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 122-139.
  • Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S. ve Suldo, S. M. (2004). Further evaluation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 22, 320 – 337.
  • Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S. ve Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 393–406.

Hope and Secure Attachment to Parents in Middle Childhood

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 44, 1 - 20, 21.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.317054

Öz

It is known that in child development, father,
mother and child interactions are important. Therefore the present study was organized
based on attachment theory and hope theory. It is thought that children who
have trustworthy relations by their parents based on closeness have a safe
environment to develop hopeful thinking skills. Based on this assumption, the
present study aimed to define the predictive role of attachment to mother
pattern, attachment to father pattern and gender on hope.
The research study
group consisted of 380 children (173 girls; 207 boys) who attend to 4th,
5th and 6th grades at elemmentary and  primary schools in İzmir. In the study, Kerns
Security Scale, Children’s Hope Scale and Personal Information Form were used
to collect data. In data analysis, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
Coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.  According to the results, children’s hope
level was significantly predicted by their secure attachment to their mothers
and fathers. Gender variable was not included in the regression analysis due to
its insignificant relationship with the hope variable. The findings are
discussed within the light of earlier studies and suggestions are provided for
both the future studies and the practice.

Kaynakça

  • Barnum, D. D., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A., Mani, M. M., ve Thompson, R. (1998). Hope and social support in the psychological adjustment of pediatric burn survivors and matched controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15 – 30.
  • Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding the patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43 – 88.
  • Bernardo, A. B. (2015). Hope in earlyadolescence: measuring internal and external locus-of-hope, Child IndicatorsResearch, 8(3), s. 699-715.
  • Blake, J., ve Norton, C. L. (2014). Examining the relationship between hope and attachment: A meta-analysis. Psychology, 5, 556-565.
  • Bowbly, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. vol. 1: attachment. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.
  • Çelik, D.,A., Çetin, F. ve Tutkun, E. (2014). The role of proximal and distal resilience factors and locus of control in understanding hope, self-esteem and academic achievement among turkish pre-adolescents. Current Psychology, Doi: 10.1007/s12144-014-9260-3
  • Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheurer-Englisch, H. ve Zimmerman, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child-father attachment relationship: Fathers’ sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11, 307-331.
  • Hazan, C., ve Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511.
  • Jiang, XU, Huebner, E.S.ve Hills, K.J.(2013). Parent attachment and early adolescents’ life satisfaction: The mediation effect of hope. Psychology in the Schools, 50(4). doi: 10.1002/pits.21680
  • Karavasilis, L., Doyle, A.B.ve Markiewicz, D. (2003). Associations between parenting style and attachment to mother in middle childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27 (2), 153–164.
  • Kerns, K. A., Klepac, L. ve Cole, A. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the childmother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32, 457- 466.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. In L.W. Porter, & M. R. Rosenzweig (Eds.), Annual review of psychology 44, (1–21). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc.
  • Marques, S.C., Pais-Ribeiro, J.L. ve Lopez, S.J. (2011). The role of positive psychology constructs in predicting mental health and academic achievement in children and adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study. Happiness Study. 12, 1049–1062.
  • McDermott, R.C., Cheng H.L., Wright, C., Browning B.R., Upton A.W.ve Sevig, T.D. ( 2015). Adult attachment dimensions and college student distress: the mediating role of hope. The Counseling Psychologist. 43(6), 822-852.
  • Merkas, M. ve Brojsa_Zganec,A. ( 2011). Children with different levels of hope: are there differences in their self-esteem, life satisfaction, social support and family Choesion?. Child Indicators Research, 4, 499-514.
  • Parker, P.D., Ciarrochi, J.,Heaven, P., Marshall, S., Sahdra, B. ve Kiuru, N. (2015). Hope, Friends, and Subjective Well-Being: A Social Network Approach to Peer Group Contextual Effects. Child Development, 86 (2), 642–650.
  • Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X. ve Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 22, 685-715. doi:10.1521/jscp.22.6.685. 22938.
  • Shorey, H.S., Little, T.D., Snyder, C.R., Kluck, B. ve Robitschek, C. (2007). Hope and personal growth initiativge: A comparison of positive, future-oriented constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1917-1926.
  • Sim, T.N. ve Yow, A.S. (2011). God attachment, mother attachment, and father attachment in early and middle adolescence. Relig Health, 50:264–278. Doi: 10.1007/s10943-010-9342-y
  • Simmons, B. L., Nelson, D. L., ve Quick, J. C. (2003). Health for the hopeful: A study of attachment behavior in home healthcare nurses. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 361–375.
  • Simmons, B.L., Gooty, J., Nelson, D.L. ve Little L.M. (2009). Secure attachment: implications for hope, trust, burnout, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 233–247.
  • Sümer, N. ve Anafarta Şendağ, M. (2009). Orta çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlere bağlanma, benlik algısı ve kaygı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24 (63), 86-101.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2000). Hypothesis: There is hope. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications (pp. 3-21). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2005). Measuring hope in children. In K. A. Moore & L. H. Lippman (Eds.), What do children need to flourish? Conceptualizing and measuring indicators of positive development (pp. 61-73). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Snyder, C.R., Sympson, S.C., Ybasco, F.C., Borders, T.F., Babyak, M.A., & Higgins, R.L., (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 321–335.
  • Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., & Danovsky, M. (1997). The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22 (3) 399 – 421.
  • Snyder, C. R., Feldman, D. B., Taylor, J. D., Schroeder, L. L., & Adams, V. (2000). The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 15, 262-295.
  • Snyder, C.R., Shorey, H.S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K.M., Adames III, V.H., & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and academic success in college. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 820-826.
  • Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., Shorey, H. S., Rand, K. L. ve Feldman, D. B. (2003). Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology. School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 122-139.
  • Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S. ve Suldo, S. M. (2004). Further evaluation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 22, 320 – 337.
  • Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S. ve Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 393–406.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Cihangir Çankaya

Nergis Canbulat

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

APA Cihangir Çankaya, Z., & Canbulat, N. (2017). Orta Çocukluk Döneminde Umut ve Ebeveynlere Güvenli Bağlanma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(44), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.317054