Artificial Intelligence Applications in Human Resource Management

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of information technologies in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to be integrated into human resource (HR) management, as in all other business functions.. This inevitable technological shift has reshaped the HR function, enabling HR professionals to utilize machine learning and algorithms to streamline business processes, reduce bias and improve analysis and decision-making. With such significant benefits, it is curious how actively AI is being used in the field of human resource management. Therefore, the study aims to identify in which function(s) of Human Resource Management artificial intelligence technologies are being used. The study used a case study approach, one of the qualitative research designs, and analysed how companies integrate artificial intelligence technologies into basic human resource processes using the “document analysis” method. The study was designed as a case study.

Keywords

• Artificial Intelligence
• Human Resource Management
• Digitalization

İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Yapay Zekâ Uygulamaları

Öz

Son yıllarda bilişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte işletmenin tüm fonksiyonlarında olduğu gibi insan kaynakları yönetiminde de yapay zekâ teknolojileri adapte edilmeye ve kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu kaçınılmaz teknolojik dönüşüm, insan kaynakları departmanını yeniden şekillendirerek insan kaynakları profesyonellerinin makine öğrenimi ve algoritmalardan yararlanarak iş süreçlerini kolaylaştırmasına, önyargılarını azaltmasına ve analiz ile karar alma süreçlerini geliştirmesine olanak tanımıştır. Böylesi önemli faydalar dikkate alındığında, yapay zekânın insan kaynakları yönetimi alanında ne kadar aktif kullanıldığı merak uyandırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla çalışmada, insan kaynakları yönetiminin hangi işlev(ler)inde yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin kullanıldığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum yaklaşımı kullanılmış ve şirketlerin yapay zekâ teknolojilerini temel insan kaynakları süreçlerine nasıl dâhil ettikleri “doküman analizi” yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma bir vaka çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ
• İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi
• Dijitalleşme

Kaynakça

1. AGARWAL, Shivani, GUPTA, Apoorv and ROSHANI, Puja (2023), “Redefining HRM with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning”, The Adoption and Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Human Resources Management, Part A, Emerald Publishing Limited Publisher, Leeds (UK), ss.1-13.
2. ANZ (2024), “About us”, ANZ Corporate Web Page, https://www.anz.co.nz/about-us/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
3. AŞKUN, Volkan (2023), “Örneklerle Yapay Zekâ ve İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi”, Kamu ve Özel Sektör Boyutuyla İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi 2 (Ed. Evren Dinçer), Efe Akademik Yayıncılık, İstanbul, ss.215-243.
4. AXIS (2024), “About Axis Insurance”, Axis Corporate Web Page, https://axisinsurance.ca/company/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
5. BURÇAK, İsmet and DURMAZ, Vatansever (2022), “Yapay Zekâ İnsan Kaynakları Krizini Çözecek Mi?”, Sosyal Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar IV (Ed. Mustafa Kısa), Eğitim Yayınevi, Konya, ss.201-214.
6. DELOITTE (2022), “State of AI in the Enterprise’ Fifth Edition Uncovers Four Key Actions to Maximize AI Value”, Deloitte Corporate Web Page, https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/press-releases/deloitte-state-of-ai-fifth-edition-report.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
7. DEMİRAL, Gülten (2023), “İşgören Seçiminde Yapay Zekâ”, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Yapay Zekâ (Ed. Gökhan Gürler, Meltem Arat), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, ss.67-81.
8. DOCEBO (2024), “How Kiehl’s Since 1851 Amplified And Modernized Over 170 Years of Education”, Docebo: Built for the business of learning Corporate Web Page, https://www.docebo.com/customers/global-learning-platform/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).

9. DÜZCÜ, Tuba, BAYRAM, Vildan and ÖNDER, Emrah (2024), “Hastanelerde Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetim Süreçlerinde Yapay Zekâ Uygulamaları”, Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S.16(30), ss.85-110.
10. EKUMA, Kelechi (2024), “Artificial Intelligence and Automation in Human Resource Development: A Systematic Review”, Human Resource Development Review, S.23(2), ss.199-229.
11. ERER, Beyza (2018), “İşletmelerde Dış Kaynak Kullanımının Nedenleri ve Riskleri”, Social Sciences Studies Journal, S.4(27), ss.6114-6124.
12. FINDEX (2024), “About Us”, Findex Corporate Web Page, https://www.findex.com.au/your-story-is-our-business (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
13. GARG, Swati, SINHA, Suchi, KAR, Arpan Kumar and MANI, Mauricio (2021), “A Review of Machine Learning Applications in Human Resource Management”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, S.71(5), ss.1590-1610.
14. GERÇEK, Merve and ÖZVEREN, Cem Güney (2023), “Yapay Zekâ Araçları İKY İçin Nasıl Değer Yaratabilir? Çalışan Duygu Analizinin Uygulama Alanlarının İncelenmesi”, Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, S.21(50), ss.1048-1076.
15. IBM (2024), “About IBM”, IBM Corporate Web Page, https://www.ibm.com/about (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
16. IDENTITY (2023), “8 Trailblazing Companies Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in HRM”, Identity Review, https://identityreview.com/artificial-intelligence-in-hrm/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
17. İKAS (2024), “Yapay Zekâ Nedir? (En İyi Yapay Zekâ Uygulamaları)”, İKAS Kurumsal Web Sitesi, https://ikas.com/tr/blog/yapay-zeka-uygulamalari (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2024).
18. JARRAHI, Mohammad Hossein (2018), “Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work: Human-AI Symbiosis in Organizational Decision Making”, Business Horizons, S.61(4), ss.577-586.
19. KAMBUR, Emine (2022), “Yapay Zekâ Çağında İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Konusunda Yazılmış Türkçe Makaleler Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, S.48, ss.139-152.
20. KAUR, Mandeep, REKHA, AG and GANDOLFI, Franco (2023), “Research on Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Trends and Prospects”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: An Administration and Management, S.23(5), ss.31-46.
21. KELLY, Jack (2021), “Why Many People Are Turning Toward Robots and AI to Help Support Their Mental Health and Careers”, Forbes Corporate Web Page, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2021/10/26/why-many-people-are-turning-toward-robots-and-ai-to-help-support-their-mental-health-and-careers/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2024).
22. KIEHL’S (2024), “Kiehl’s Mirası”, Kiehl’s Türkiye Kurumsal Web Sitesi, https://www.kiehls.com.tr/mirasimiz (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
23. KİŞİ, Nermin and ÖZER, Mehmet Akif (2024), “İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Yapay Zekâ Teknolojisinin Benimsenmesi Üzerine Güç Alanı Analizi”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, S.26, ss.35-52.
24. LAUMER, Sven and MORANA, Stefan (2022), “HR Natural Language Processing – Conceptual Overview and State of the Art on Conversational Agents in Human Resources Management”, Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management (Ed. Stefan Strohmeier), Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts.
25. MALIK, Ashish, BUDHWAR, Pawan, PATEL, Charmi and SRIKANTH, N R (2023), “May the Bots be with You! Delivering HR Cost-Effectiveness and Individualised Employee Experiences in an MNE”, Artificial Intelligence and International HRM, Routledge Publisher, Oxfordshire.
26. MEISTER, Jeanne (2019), “Ten HR Trends in the Age of Artificial Intelligence”, Forbes Corporate Web Page, https://diversityatlas.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2019-Ten-HR-Trends-In-The-Age-Of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
27. MER, Akansha (2023), “Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Recent Trends and Research Agenda”, Digital Transformation, Strategic Resilience, Cyber Security and Risk Management, S.111, ss.31-56.
28. MIZRAK, Filiz (2023), “Use of Information Technologies in Strategic Human Resource Management”, Enhancing Employee Engagement and Productivity in the Post-Pandemic Multigenerational Workforce (Ed. Angela M. Even, Bryan Christiansen), IGI Global Publisher, Hershey.
29. NISHAR, Somil (2022), “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Human Resource Management: A Literature Review”, Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Cloud Computing, S.1(3), ss.1-4.
30. PANASONIC (2024), “About Panasonic Group”, Panasonic Corporate Web Page, https://holdings.panasonic/global/corporate/about.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
31. PROFIT (2024), “Axis Insurance Managers Inc. Excels in Enhancing Interdepartmental Communication and Alignment Through the Strategic Implementation of Profit.co”, Profit.co Corporate Web Page, https://www.profit.co/customer-stories/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
32. PYMETRICS (2024), “ANZ’s Fair & Engaging Candidate Experience”, Pymetrics Corporate Web Page, https://www.pymetrics.ai/case-studies/anz-case-study (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
33. QAMAR, Yusra, AGRAWAL, Rakesh Kumar, SAMAD, Taab Ahmad and JABBOUR, Charbel Jose Chiappetta (2021), “When Technology Meets People: The Interplay of Artificial Intelligence and Human Resource Management”, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, S.34(5), ss.1339-1370.
34. SONG, Yuegang and WU, Ruibing (2021), “Analysing Human-Computer Interaction Behaviour in Human Resource Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology”, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, S.(2021), ss.1-10.
35. STONE, Dianna L., LUKASZEWSKI, Kimberly M. and JOHNSON, Richard D. (2024), “Will Artificial Intelligence Radically Change Human Resource Management Processes?”, Organizational Dynamics, S.53(1), ss.(101034).
36. STROHMEIER, Stefan (2022), Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management, Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts.
37. TIAN, Xiaoguang, PAVUR, Robert, HAN, Henry and ZHANG, Lili (2023), “A Machine Learning-Based Human Resources Recruitment System for Business Process Management: Using LSA, BERT and SVM”, Business Process Management Journal, S.29(1), ss.202-222.
38. UNILEVER (2024), “Our Company”, Unilever Corporate Web Page, https://www.unilever.com/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
39. UTHMAN, Adebayo A. (2024), “The Relevance of Human Resources Management to Today's Business Environment”, International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, S.7(5), ss.2620-2628.
40. VISIER (2024), “Panasonic Story”, Visier Corporate Web Page, https://explore.visier.com/panasonic/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
41. WACH, Elise and WARD, Richard (2013), “Learning About Qualitative Document Analysis”, IDS Practice Paper in Brief 13, https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/articles/report/Learning_about_Qualitative_Document_Analysis/26442637?file=48090622 (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2024).
42. WEAVER, David A. (2018), “Hospitality Success Story: Hilton Case Study”, Allyo Corporate Web Page, https://www.allyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Hilton-Case-Study.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
43. WORKDAY (2024), “Customer Stories: Findex”, Workday Corporate Web Page, https://www.workday.com/en-us/customer-stories/a-h/findex-improves-retention-real-employee-sentiment.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
44. WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2023), “Future of Jobs Report 2023”, World Economic Forum Corporate Web Page, https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2023.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2024).
45. YILDIRIM, Ali and ŞİMŞEK, Hasan (2018), Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.