Gıda Güvencesizliği ile Mücadelede Yerelleşme Deneyimleri: Japonya, Arjantin ve Küba Uygulamaları

Öz

Küresel ölçekte giderek derinleşen gıda güvencesizliği, iklim değişikliği, tarımsal üretim ve dağıtım süreçlerindeki tekelleşme, neoliberal tarım politikaları, ekonomik dalgalanmalar ve yaygınlaşan yoksulluk gibi çok boyutlu dinamiklerin etkisiyle daha karmaşık ve çok katmanlı bir sorun alanı hâline gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gıda güvencesizliği ile mücadelede giderek önem kazanan gıdanın yerelleştirilmesi yaklaşımını incelemek ve bu yaklaşımın farklı sosyoekonomik ve siyasal bağlamlarda nasıl uygulandığını Japonya, Arjantin ve Küba örnekleri üzerinden analiz etmektir. Farklı sosyo-ekonomik ve politik dinamiklere sahip ülkelerde uygulanan yerelleştirme modellerinin hangi kurum ve mekanizmalarla ortaya çıktığı sorusu bu çalışmanın temel araştırma problemidir. Japonya, Arjantin ve Küba örnekleri, yerel üretim odaklı modellerin gıda güvencesizliği ile mücadelede hem devlet temelli hem de toplumsal tabanlı uygulanabilir stratejiler sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Nitel araştırma tasarımına dayanan çalışma kapsamında uluslararası raporlar, ikincil veriler ve ulusal politika belgeleri incelenerek elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, yerelleşmiş gıda sistemlerinin üretim–tüketim mesafesini azaltarak sürdürülebilirliği güçlendirdiğini, küçük üreticileri desteklediğini ve toplumsal dayanıklılığı artırdığını göstermektedir. Üç ülke örneği, yerel üretim modellerinin gıda güvencesizliği ile mücadelede etkili ve uygulanabilir stratejiler sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak gıdanın yerelleştirilmesi, küresel gıda güvencesizliği risklerine karşı sürdürülebilir, adil ve dirençli bir alternatif politika yaklaşımı olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda Güvencesizliği
• Gıda Güvencesizliğiyle Mücadele
• Gıdanın Yerelleştirilmesi
• Sürdürülebilir Gıda

Localization Experiences in Combating Food Insecurity: Practices from Japan, Argentina and Cuba

Öz

Food insecurity, which is deepening globally, has become an increasingly complex and multilayered problem due to multidimensional factors such as climate change, the monopolization of agricultural production and distribution, neoliberal agricultural policies, economic fluctuations, and widespread poverty. This study examines the increasingly important food localization approach in combating food insecurity and analyzes how localization policies are shaped in different socioeconomic and political contexts through the cases of Japan, Argentina, and Cuba. The study focuses on the institutions and mechanisms that shape localization models in countries with differing socioeconomic and political dynamics. The cases of Japan, Argentina, and Cuba demonstrate that local production-focused models offer both state-based and community-based strategies for combating food insecurity. Based on a qualitative research design, the study examines international reports, secondary data, and national policy documents, and analyzes the data using descriptive analysis. The findings demonstrate that localized food systems enhance sustainability by reducing the production-consumption distance, supporting small producers, and increasing social resilience. Consequently, food localization emerges as a sustainable, equitable, and resilient policy approach to addressing global food insecurity risks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food Insecurity
• Combating Food Insecurity
• Localisation of Food
• Sustainable Food

Kaynakça

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