Public Participation in Democratic Societies: Relationship Between Participation and Governance

Abstract

The participation phenomenon has a decisive influence on every social entity at every stage of administration and every period of history. In modern times, the legitimacy and continuity of administrative and political institutions are decisive. The bipolar world order and the economic and political consequences of liberal political systems based on the capitalism of Europe and the USA, has led to the re-discussion and implementation of participation after World War II, taking into account the legitimacy and continuity of the system. Governance is the practice of neoliberal understanding and it expresses the understanding of a new method of decision-making and participation. Understanding the relationship between the governance approach and the involvement of the political and administrative system since the beginning of the system is important in terms of understanding the continuity of the system.

Keywords

• Governance,Public Participation,Participatory Governance

Demokratik Toplumlarda Halkın Yönetime Katılımı: Yönetime Katılım ve Yönetişim İlişkisi

Öz

Katılım olgusu tarihin her döneminde ve yönetimin her aşaması için geçerli olan bir gerçekliktir. Modern toplumların hem meşruiyetini hem de belirleyiciliğini sağlayan şey katılım olgusudur. Özellikle, İki kutuplu dünya düzeni,  Avrupa ve ABD’nin kapitalizme dayalı liberal siyasal sistemlerinin ekonomik ve siyasal sonuçları II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra iktidarların meşruiyetinin ve devamlılığının katılım olgusuna dayandığını göz önüne sererek kavramın yeniden tartışılmasına ve daha fazla uygulama alanı bulmasına neden olmuştur. Demokratik toplumlarda halkın hem siyasi hem de idari anlamda yönetime katılması esastır. Yönetişim ise neo-liberal anlayışın uygulamalarındandır ve yeni bir karar alma ve katılım anlayışını ifade etmektedir. Siyasi ve idari sistemin başlangıcından bu yana devam eden katılım olgusunun yönetişim yaklaşımı ile ilişkisini anlamak sistemin devamlılığını anlamak bakımından önemlidir.  Bu yüzden çalışmada, genel olarak yönetime katılma kavramı irdelenmiş, yönetime katılma ile yönetişim ilişkisi derinlemesine analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yönetişim,Halkın Katılımı,Katılımcı Yönetişim

Kaynakça

1. ADEOSUN, A. Babatunde (2012), “Nigeria @50: The Role of Good Governance And Effective Public Administration Towards Achieving Economic Growth And Stability in Fledgeling Democracy”, International Journal of Politics And Good Governance, S.3(3), ss.1-17.
2. AL-HABIL, Wasim (2011), “Governance And Government in Public Administration”, Journal of Public Administration And Policy Research, S.3(5), ss.123-128.
3. APPELSTRAND, Marie (2003), “Public Participation And Collaboration”, Publication Series of The Institute of Forest Sector Policy And Economics, S.48, http://www.metla.fi/eu/cost/e19/appelstrand.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
4. ARBTER, Kerstin, HANDLER, Martina, PURKER, Elisabeth, TAPPEINER, Georg ve TRATTNIGG, Rita (2007), The Public Participation Manuel, ÖGUT (Austrian Society for Environment and Technology), Vienna.
5. AULICH, Chris (2009), “From Citizen Participation to Participatory Governance in Australian Local Governance”, Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, S.2, ss.44-60.
6. BABAOĞLU, Cenay, ÇOBANOĞLU, Sedat ve GÖÇOĞLU, Volkan (2018), “Kamu Politikalarına Sivil Katılımda Farklı Bir Model: Rusya Federasyonu Sivil Kamarası”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, S.23(1), ss.69-77.
7. BÉNÉ, Christophe ve NEILAND, Arthur (2006), From Participation to Governance: A Critical Review of The Concepts of Governance, Co-Management And Participation, And Their Implementation in Small-Scale Inland Fisheries in Developing Countries, World Fish Center, Penang, Malaysia, CGIAR Challenge Program on WATER & FOOD, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 72p.
8. BLAKELEY, Georgina (2010), “Governing Ourselves: Citizen Participation And Governance in Barcelona And Manchester”, International Journal of Urban And Regional Research, S.34(1), ss.130-145.

9. CHESS, Caron ve PURCELL, Kristen (1999), “Public Participation And The Environment: Do We Know What Works?”, Environmental Science & Techonology, S.33(16), ss.2685-2692.
10. CREIGHTON, James L. (2005), The Public Participation Handbook, Making Better Decisions Through Citizen Involvement, Jossey Imprint, San Francisco.
11. DOĞAN, Kadir Caner (2017), “Postmodern Kamu Yönetiminin Kuramsal Temelleri Çerçevesinde Yönetişim Yaklaşımı: Literatür Taraması”, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, S.10(1), ss.27-45.
12. DUTU, Amalia ve DIACONU, Mihaela (2017), “Community Participation for an Open Public Administration: Empirical Measurements And Conceptual Framework Design”, Cogent Business &Management, S.4, ss.1-22.
13. FINKE, Barbara (2007), “Civil Society Participation in EU Governance”, Living Reviews in European Governance, S.2, ss.1-31.
14. FISCHER, Frank (2005), “Participatory Governance as Deliberative Empowerment The Cultural Politics of Discursive Space”, American Review of Public Administration, S.36(1), ss.19-40.
15. FISCHER, Frank (2012), “Participatory Governance: From Theory to Practice”, The Oxford Handbook of Governance (Ed. David Levi Faur), Oxford Handbooks Online, ss.1-18.
16. FRIEDMAN, Steven (2006), “Participatory Governance And Citizen Action in Post-Apartheid South Africa”, International Institute for Labour Studies, Discusion Paper Series, Geneva, ss.1-34.
17. FUNG, Archon (2006), “Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance”, Public Administration Review, S.Specail Issue, ss.66-75.
18. FUNG, Archon (2015), “Putting The Public Back into Governance: The Challenges of Citizen Participation And Its Future”, Public Administration Review, S.75(4), ss.1-10.
19. HAQUE, M. Shamsul (2003), “Citizen Participation in Governance Through Representation: Issue of Gender in East Asia”, International Journal of Public Administration, S.26(5), ss.569-590.
20. IKEANYIBE, Okey Marcellus, ORI, Ogbannaya Eze ve OKOYE, Arinze Emmanuel (2017), “Governance Paradigm, in Public Administration And The Dilemma of National Question in Nigeria”, Cogent Social Sciences, S.3, ss.1-16.
21. INTERNATIONAL PEACEBULDING ADVISORY TEAM (2015), “Public Participation And Citizen Engagement”, Effective Advising in Statebuilding And Peacebuilding Contexts- How, Geneva İnterpeace, Geneva.
22. JOHNSON, Carolina (2013), “Diverging Models of Participatory Governance: A Framework for Comparison”, Western Political Science Association Meeting, Holywood, CA, WPSA 2013, ss.1-24.
23. KING, Cheryl Simrell, FELTEY, Kathryn M. ve SUSEL, Bridget O’Neill (1998), “The Question of Participation: Toward Authentic Public Participation in Public Administration”, Public Administration Review, S.58(4), ss.317-326.
24. KJÆR, Anne Mette (2011), “Rhodes’ Contribution to Governance Theory: Praise, Critisim And Future Governance Debate”, Public Administration, S.89(1), ss.101-113.
25. KOMITO, Lee (2005), “e-Participation And Governance: Widening The Net”, The Electronic Journal od e-Government, S.3(1), ss.39-48.
26. KULÖZÜ, Neslihan (2016), “Participation as a Meansto an Endor as an End in Itself: The Success Evaluations of Participations”, Turkish Public Administration Annual, S.41-42, ss.83-102.
27. LADI, Stella (2008), “Good Governance And Public Administration Reform in The Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Member States”, Xenophon Paper No:6 International Centre for Black Sea Studies (ICBSS), Athens, Greece.
28. MARCALETTI, Francesco ve RINIOLO, Veronica (2015), “A Participatory Governance Model Towards The Inclusion of Ethnic Minorities. An Action Research Experience in Italy”, Revue Interventions Économiques, S.53, ss.1-18.
29. MARINETTO, Mike (2003), “Governing Beyond The Centre: A Critique of The Anglo-Governance School”, Political Studies, S.51, ss.592-608.
30. MARZUKI, Azizan (2015), “Challenges in The Public Participation And The Decision Making Process”, Sociologija i Prostor, S.201(1), ss.21-39.
31. MAS, Joaquin Tornos, DIEZ, Alfonso Arroyo, MARTINEZ, Mar Martinez ve PAGÁN, Juana López (2013), Transparency, Accountability And Participation: A Common Agenda for Social Cohesion And Governance in Latin America (Ed. Jordi Castells, Octavi de la Varga, Eduardo Feldman, Sara Sotillos, Carla Cors, Verónica Sanz), URB-ALL Programme, Barcelona.
32. MATHEBULA, Ntwanano E. (2016), “Community Participation in The South African Local Government Dispensation: A Public Administration Scholastic Misnomer”, Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, S.13(1), ss.18-28.
33. MECEK, Mehmet ve KOCAKULA, Özge (2019), "E-Devlet ve E-Yönetişimde İdari, Siyasi ve Etik Sorunlar", E-Yönetişim: Kavramsal/Kuramsal Çerçeve, Ülke İncelemeleri ve Türkiye'ye Yansımaları (Ed. Bekir Parlak ve Kadir Caner Doğan), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.195-230.
34. NEWMAN, Janet, BARNES, Marian, SULLIVAN, Helen ve KNOPS, Andrew (2004), “Public Participation And Collaborative Governance”, Jnl Soc., Pol., S.33(2), ss.203-223.
35. NURUDIN, Suzie Mat, HASHIM, Rugayah, HAMIK, Saidatul Akma, RAHMAN, Shamsinar, ZULKIFLI, Nursyahida, MOHAMED, Ahmad Shah Pakeer (2015), “Public Participation Process at Local Government Administration: A Case Study of The Seremban Municipal Council, Malaysia” 2nd Global Conference on Business and Social Science, GCBSS-2015, 17-18 September, Bali, Indonesia, Social and Behavioral Sciences, S.211, ss.505-512.
36. PONCE, July (2005), “Good Administration And Administrative Procedures”, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, S.12(2), ss.551-588.
37. POTO, Margherita Paola ve FORNABAIO, Lara (2017), “Participation as The Essence of Good Governance: Some General Reflections And a Case Study on The Arctic Council”, Arctic Review on Law And Politics, S.8, ss.139-159.
38. PRIZZIA, Ross (2005), “Community Involvement in Protecting The Environment: The Role of Restoration Advisory Boards (RABs)” The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, S.10(1), ss.1-16.
39. ROBERTS, Nancy (2004), “Public Deliberation in an Age of Direct Citizen Participation”, American Review of Public Administration, S.34(4), ss.315-353.
40. ROTTMANN, Katja (2013), “Recommendations on Transparency And Public Participation in The Context of Electricity Transmission Lines”, E-Artikel, https://germanwatch.org/de/download/8649.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
41. SAYIN, Ahmet Kenan ve YILMAZ, Vedat (2017), “Halkla İlişkiler Toplumu ve Güvenlik Hizmetleri, Toplum Destekli Polislik Örneği”, Social Sciences Studies Journal, S.3(11), ss.1739-1748.
42. SPIJKERS, Otto ve HONNIBAL, Arron (2014), “Developing Global Public Participation (1): Global Public Participation at The United Nations 1 Otto Spijkers And Arron Honniball”, E-Article, ss.1-21, https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Otto-Spijkers-Global-Public-Participation-at-The-United-Nations-15-5-2014.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
43. ŞAHİN, İsmail (2014), “Governance Tools in Public Administration And Emergent Trends: Contracting, Citizen Participation, And Networks”, International Journal of Human Sciences, S.11(2), ss.1082-1103.
44. THOMPSON, Lisa (2007), Participatory Governance? Citizens And The State in South Africa, African Centre for Citizenship & Democracy, University of The Western Cape.
45. WAHEDUZZAMAN, Wahed (2010), "People’s Participation for Good Governance: A study of Rural Development Programs in Bangladesh", Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Victoria Üniversitesi, ABD.
46. WAHEDUZZAMAN, Wahed (2007), “Conceptualizing People's Participation for Good Governance”, 21st Australian And New Zealand Academy of Management Conference (ANZAM 2007), 4-7 December, Sydney - Australia.
47. WINGQVIST, Gunilla Ölund, DRAKENBERG, Olof, SLUNGE, Daniel, SJÖSTEDT, Matin ve EKBOM, Anders (2012), The Role of Governance for İmproved Environmental Outcome, Perspectives for Developing Countries And Countries in Transition, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Report 6514.
48. YAMAN, Emrah (2015), “Yönetişim Sürecinde Devletin Rolü ve Deniz Ticaret Sektörü”, İGÜSBD, S.2, Sayı:2, ss.111-133.
49. http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/sfc308a.pdf , ”Benefits And Disadvantages of Public Participation”, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
50. http://www.iap2.org.au/Tenant/C0000004/00000001/files/IAP2_Public_Participation_Spectrum.pdf , “IAP2’s Public Participation Spectrum”, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
51. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201405/documents/ppg_english_full-2.pdf , “Introduction to The Public Participation Toolkit”, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).