Eleştirel Jeopolitik ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplini: Mekânsallık, Söylem ve İktidar

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 163 - 187, 31.12.2023

Mine Nur Küçük

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1371987

Öz

Bu çalışma akademi, medya ve karar alma bağlamlarında sıklıkla karşılaşılan geleneksel jeopolitik varsayımları sorunsallaştıran “eleştirel jeopolitik” yaklaşımını incelemektedir. Eleştirel jeopolitik, her ne kadar Siyasi Coğrafya disiplininin bir alt kolu olarak ortaya çıkmış olsa da odaklandığı konular, kavramsal tartışmaları ve kuramsal argümanları göz önüne alındığında Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini ile oldukça önemli ortak noktalar paylaşan bir yaklaşımdır. Dolayısıyla, eleştirel jeopolitiği, Uluslararası İlişkiler’de 1980’li yılların sonu, 1990’lı yılların başında oluşmaya başlayan diğer eleştirel yaklaşımların bir parçası olarak ele alıp değerlendirmek mümkündür. Bu çalışma, eleştirel jeopolitik yazınına dair bir literatür taraması sunmayı ve böylelikle bu yazının temellerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda makale öncelikle 19. Yüzyıl itibariyle ortaya çıkan klasik jeopolitiğin muhtevasını tartışmakta ve bu yaklaşımın etkilerinin günümüze kadar hangi biçimlerde tezahür ettiğine bakmaktadır. Makale daha sonra eleştirel jeopolitik yaklaşımının ortaya çıkışına ve bu yaklaşımın temel argümanlarına odaklanmaktadır. Takip eden bölümde eleştirel jeopolitiğin geleneksel Uluslararası İlişkiler kuramlarına getirdiği eleştiriler “teritoryal tuzak” argümanı baz alınarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise eleştirel jeopolitik ve postyapısalcılık, Marksizm, feminizm ve postkolonyalizm gibi farklı eleştirel yaklaşımların arasındaki kesişim noktaları mercek altına alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jeopolitik, Eleştirel Jeopolitik, Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları

Teşekkür

Bu makalenin yazım aşamasındaki değerli katkıları için Hakan Sipahioğlu'na teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

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