Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları ve Yönetimsellik

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 94 - 118, 31.12.2023

Gözde Turan

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1372666

Öz

Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları yazarları açısından güvenliğin nasıl tanımlandığı ve çalışıldığı, akademisyenler, politikacılar, bürokratlar, güvenlik personeli gibi aktörlerin yanısıra, hatta onlardan önce, sorunun çözümü veya çözümsüzlüğünden doğrudan etkilenecek olan birey ve gruplar için kritik öneme sahiptir. Belli söylemlerin nasıl belli sujeler inşa ettiğini ve bu sujelerin davranışlarını yönettiğini tarihsel düzlemde farklı yönetim teknikleri ve stratejileri çerçevesinde ele alan Foucault’nun yönetimsellik üzerine yazıları, hangi sorunların neden ve nasıl güvenlik kavramı çerçevesinde ele alındığını sorgulayan Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları için yeni bir perspektif sunmuş ve önemli bir katkıda bulunmuştur. Yönetimsellik kavramı, devleti iktidar rasyonaliteleri tarihinde karşılaşılan duraklardan sadece birisi olarak analiz ederek, devleti temel aktör olarak kabul eden anaakım teorilerin olduğu kadar Marksist yaklaşımların da ötesine geçmiş, kimlerin, neden, nasıl ve hangi amaca yönelik olarak yönetildikleri sorularını sorarak iktidara farklı bir açıdan bakmamızı sağlamıştır. Foucault’nun farklı yönetimsellik rasyonalitelerini eleştirel Uluslararası İlişkiler yazarlarının kullanması ile birlikte küresel alanda bioiktidar, biogüvenlik, küresel yönetimsellik perspektifleri yazımları karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu çalışmalar liberal veya neo-liberal yönetimsellik ile sınırlı kalmamakta, otoriter yönetimleri de kapsamak üzere yörüngesini genişletmektedir. Yönetimsellik ile uluslararası ilişkileri anlamaya çalışan yazarlar arasında önemli farklar ve görüş ayrılıkları olmasına karşın, bu görüş ayrılıkları yönetimsellik perspektifi ile küresel boyutta sorunlara bakışı daha karmaşık hale getirmek yerine, iktidarın çeşitli alanlarda çoklu işlerliğini görebilmeyi mümkün kılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Foucault, guvenlik, elestirel guvenlik calismalari, yonetimsellik

Kaynakça

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