3-5 Yaş Grubu Çocuklara Yönelik Zihin Kuramı Testi: Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Zihin kuramının sosyal beceriler başta olmak üzere birçok beceri ile ilişkisi bu becerilerin değerlendirilmesine olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Bu araştırmada üç ila beş yaşındaki çocukların zihin kuramı becerilerini değerlendirmeye yönelik Zihin Kuramı Testinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Açımlayıcı araştırma modelindeki bu araştırmaya; tipik gelişen, anadili Türkçe olan, alıcı dil becerileri kronolojik yaşıyla uyumlu 528 çocuk katılmıştır. Çocukların alıcı dil düzeyleri Türkçe Erken Dil Gelişimi Testinin alıcı dil alt alanı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen Zihin Kuramı Testinin kapsam geçerliği, yapı geçerliği, ayırıcılık geçerliği, ölçüt geçerliğ, test-tekrar test ve iç tutarlık katsayıları incelenmiştir. Yapı geçerliğine ilişkin analizler sonucunda; üç, dört ve beş yaş için ayrı testler elde edilmiş ve her yaş düzeyinde beş alt test yer almıştır. Üç ve dört yaşa yönelik testte 27 madde, beş yaşa yönelik testte ise 26 madde yer almaktadır. Maddelerin ayırıcılık düzeyleri genel olarak çok yüksektir. Testin ölçüt geçerliğinin orta ve yüksek olduğu; test-tekrar-test güvenirliklerinin, üç ve beş yaş için genel olarak yüksek; dört yaş için ise yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. İç tutarlılık katsayılarının tüm yaş düzeyleri için yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bulgular temelinde testin geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zihin kuramı
• zihin kuramı yetersizlikleri
• yanlış inanç
• duygusal ve bilişsel zihin kuramı
• duyguları tanıma
• duyguları anlama

The Test of Theory of Mind for Children Aged 3-5 Years: A Validity and Reliability Study

Öz

The theory of mind’s relationship with many skills, in particular social skills, has increased the interest in evaluation these skills. The aim of this study is to develop the Test of Theory of Mind for assessing 3- to 5-year-old children’s theory of mind skills. This study has been conducted using the explanatory research model. A total of 528 children between the ages of three and five, showing typical development, with Turkish as their native language, and showing age-appropriate receptive language performance participated in the study. The children’s receptive language levels were determined using the receptive language subtest from the Turkish Early Language Development Test. This study has examined the content validity, construct validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity test-retest, and internal consistency of the Test of Theory of Mind. Separate tests have been obtained for 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children as a result of the analyses of construct validity. Each test had five subtests. The tests for 3- and 4-year-old children each had 27 items, while the test for 5-year-old children had 26 items. The items’ discrimination levels were generally very high. The tests had medium and high criterion validity. The test-retest reliability was also high for all three tests. The tests’ internal consistency values were found to be high as well. Based on these results, the test has been considered as a valid and reliable tool.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Theory of mind
• lack of theory of mind
• false belief
• emotion and cognitive theory of mind
• recognise of emotion
• understanding emotions

Kaynakça

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