İŞYERİNDE ZORBALIK

Alev Torun

doi:10.14783/maruoneri.678698

İŞYERİNDE ZORBALIK

Öz

İşyerinde zorbalık olgusu, bir bireye bir veya birkaç kişi tarafından sistemli biçimde yöneltilen, düşmanca ve ahlak dışı bir iletişime dayanır. Zorbalıkla karşılaşan birey, oldukça sık görülen ve uzun bir sürece yayılan kötü davranışların hedefi olur. Örgütsel ve bireysel faktörlerle ilişkili olan bu davranışlar doğrudan veya dolaylı ve işle ilgili veya kişisel nitelikte eylemler olarak gruplanabilir. Tekrarlanan olumsuz davranışlarla karşılaşan kişi, kendisini dışlanmış, aşırı çalışmaya zorlanmış ve kişilik haklan, mesleki statüsü ve sağlığı açısından zedelenmiş hisseder. Zorbalığın hedefi olan birey, hem kendisi hem de örgüt için ciddi sonuçlar doğurabilecek fiziksel ve psikolojik sorunlarla yüz yüze gelir. Karar verme konumlanndaki yöneticilerin zorbalığın önlenmesi için sistem geliştirme konusuna önem vermeleri beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zorbalık

Kaynakça

[1] DUNN, K., “Bullying in the Workplace Often Goes Unnoticed”, Workforce, Vol. 79, Issue: 4, 2000, ss 28-29.
[2] VÂNDERWALL, S., "Bookshelf”, HR Magazine, Vol. 44, Issue: 10, 1999, ss. 156-157.
[3] SALIN, D., "Prevalence and Forms of Bullying among Business Professionals: A Comparison of Two Different Strategies for Measuring Bullying”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 425-441.
4] SAEZ NAVARRO, M. C., "Mobbing, Job Satisfaction and Burnout in Spanish Public Services Employees", 10. European Congress on Work and Organizational Psychology, Prag, 16- 19 Mayıs 2001, s. 515.
[5] NIEDL, K., “Mobbing and Well-being: Economic and Personnel Development Implications”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 239-249.
[6] -----, “Abuse in the Workplace”, Worklife Report, Vol. 9, No:l, 1993, s.3.
[7] COWIE, H.; NAYLOR, P.; RIVERS, I.; SMITH, P. K.; PEREIRA, B., “Measuring Workplace Bullying”, Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol.7, Issue: 1, 2002, ss. 33-51.
[8] LIEFOOGHE, A. P.D.; OLAFFSON, R., “Scientists and Amateurs: Mapping the Bullying Domain", International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 20, 1999, ss.39-49.

[9] LEYMANN, H., “The Content and Development of Mobbing at Work", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No:2,1996, ss. 165-184.
[10] MATTHIESEN, S. B.; EINARŞEN, S., "MMPI-2 Configurations among Victims of Bullying at Work”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 467-484.
[11] MIKKELSEN, E. G.; EINARSEN, S., "Basic Assumptions and Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress among Victims of Bullying at Work”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology Vol. 11, No: 1, 2002, ss. 87-111.
[12] EINARSEN, S.; SKOGSTAD, A .“Bullying at Work: Epidemiological Findings in Public and Private Organizations", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 185-201.
[13] BJÖRKQVİST, K., “Social Defeat as a Stressor in Humans”, Physiology and Behavior, Vol.73, Issue:3, 2001, ss. 435-442
[14] VARTIA, M., “The Sources of Bullying-Psychological Work Environment and Organizational Climate”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 203-214.
[15] ZAPF, D.; KNORZ, C.; KULLA, M., “On the Relationship between Mobbing Factors, and Job Content, Social Work Environment, and Health Outcomes”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 215-237.
[16] RAYNER, C.; HOEL, H., “A Summary Review of Literatüre Relating to Workplace Bullying”, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 7, 1997, ss. 181-191.
[17] VARTIA, M.; HYYTİ, J., “Gender Differences in Workplace Bullying among Prison Officers”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 11, No: 1,2002, ss. 113-126.
[18] HOFSTEDE, G., Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Sage Publication, London, 1980.
[19] MIKKELSEN, E. G.; EINARŞEN, S., “Bullying in Danish Work-life: Prevalence and Health Correlates”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 393-413.
[20] HUBERT, A. B.; VELDHOVEN, M. V., “Risk Sectors for Undesirable Behavior and Mobbing”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 415-424.
[21] HOEL, H.; COOPER, C. L.; FARAGHER, B„ “The Experience of Bullying in Great Britain: The Impact of Organizational Status”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 443-465.
[22] COYNE, I.; SEIGNE, E.; RANDALL, P„ “Predicting Workplace Victim Status from Personality”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 9, No: 3, 2000, ss. 335-349.
[23] DEN OUDEN, M.; SANDFORT, T., “The Healthy Poliçe Force: Mobbing, Minorities, and Health”, 10. European Congress on Work and Organizational Psychology, Prag, 16- 19 Mayıs 2001, s. 81.
[24] RANDALL, P., Adult Bullying: Perpetrators and Victims, Routledge, London and New York, 1997.
[25] FIELD, T., Bullying in Sight, Success Unlimited, UK, 1996.
[26] COOPER, C., “In My Opinion", Management Today, Jun 1999, s.14.
[27] SALVUCCI, P. A., “The Office Bully Part III", http://www.sclfgrowth.com/articles/Salvucci2.html,
[28] HANNABUSS, S., “Bullying at Work”, Library Management, Vol.19, Issue: 5, 1998, http://Droauest.umi.com
[29] -------, “Bullying-19 General Characteristics”, http://www.kbpD.org/19new.asp.
[30] SMITH, P.K.; SINGER, M.; HOEL,H.; COOPER,C.L., “Victimization in the School and the Workplace: Are There any Links?", British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 94, Part: 2, 2003, ss. 175-188.
[31] OLIVER, R.; HOOVER, J.H., “The Perceived Roles of Bullying in Small-Town Mıdwestem Schools”, Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 72, Issue: 4, 1994, ss. 416- 420.
[32]ARORA, C.M.J.; THOMPSON, D.A., “Defining Bullying for a Secondary School”, Educational and Child Psychology, Vol. 4, 1987, ss. 110-120.
[33] GROEBLINGHOFF, D.; BECKER, M.,“A Case Study of Mobbing and the Clinical Treatment of Mobbing Victims”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 277-294.
[34] FELDMAN, R. G., Essentials of Understanding Psychology, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.
[35] LEYMANN, H.; GUSTAFSSON, A., “Mobbing at Work and the Development of Post-traumatic Stress Disorders”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 251-275.
[36] HOGH, A.; DOFRADOTTİR, A., “Coping with Bullying in the Workplace", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 485-495.
[37] ZAPF, D.; GROSS, C., “Conflict Escalation and Coping with Workplace Bullying:A Replication and Extension”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 10, No: 4, 2001, ss. 497-522.
[38] RESCH, M.; SCHUBINSKI, M., “Mobbing-Prevention and Management in Organizations”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5, No: 2, 1996, ss. 295- 307.
[39] FONSECA, A. C., “Book Review: Bully in Sight: How to Predict, Resist, Challenge and Combat Workplace Bullying”, Behavior Research and Therapy, Vol. 38, Issue: 6, 2000, ss. 634-635.