Examining the Impact of Migration Policies on Investment Decisions Using Fuzzy DEMATEL

Öz

In this study, a research is carried out on the factors affecting investments in migration policies. In this context, as a result of a comprehensive literature analysis, 6 different factors affecting investments in migration policies are identified. An analysis is carried out with the fuzzy DEMATEL technique with the aim of determining the importance weights of these factors. In this way, it can be determined in what way migration policies support investments. This situation contributes to businesses' ability to develop effective investment strategies. The biggest contribution of this study to the literature is the establishment of a new model with the fuzzy DEMATEL technique in determining the most important factors affecting investments in migration policies. The biggest advantage of the DEMATEL method over other similar techniques is that causality analysis is taken into account during the analysis process. In this way, it is possible to obtain more effective and accurate analysis results. Similarly, by considering the DEMATEL approach with fuzzy numbers, it is possible to reduce the uncertainty in the analysis process. According to the analysis results, compliance with integration policies has been determined as the factor that most affects investments in migration policies. According to the analysis carried out with the fuzzy DEMATEL approach, this factor has an importance weight of 0.1743. International diplomatic achievements and relations rank second with an importance weight of 0.1725. Increasing potential workforce is determined as the third most important factor with an importance weight of 0.1677. Considering these results, it has been determined that more attention should be paid to compliance with integration policies. Well-designed integration strategies promote the successful participation of immigrants in economic, social and cultural life. In this context, priority should be paid to the issue of education and language management. To achieve this goal, accessible and affordable language education programs must be offered for immigrants. Providing additional support programs in schools for immigrant children is another issue that can seriously support this process. On the other hand, vocational training programs should be offered to facilitate the integration of immigrants into the local labor market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Immigration Policies
• Investment Decisions
• Fuzzy DEMATEL
• Social Integration

Göç Politikalarının Yatırım Kararları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Bulanık DEMATEL ile İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada göç politikalarında yatırımlara etki eden faktörler üzerinde bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, kapsamlı bir literatür analizi sonucunda göç politikalarında yatırımlara etki eden 6 farklı faktör tespit edilmektedir. Bu faktörlerin önem ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi hedefiyle bulanık DEMATEL tekniği ile bir analiz gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu sayede, göç politikalarının yatırımlara hangi açıdan destek sağladığı belirlenebilmiş olmaktadır. Bu durum da işletmelerin etkin yatırım stratejisi geliştirebilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın literatüre en büyük katkısını göç politikalarında yatırımlara etki eden en önemli faktörlerin belirlenmesinde bulanık DEMATEL tekniği ile yeni bir model kurulmasıdır. DEMATEL yönteminin diğer benzer tekniklerden en büyük üstünlüğü analiz sürecinde nedensellik analizinin dikkate alınmasıdır. Bu sayede, daha etkin ve doğru analiz sonuçlarına ulaşabilmek mümkün olabilmektedir. Benzer şekilde, DEMATEL yaklaşımının bulanık sayılar ile dikkate alınması sayesinde, analiz sürecindeki belirsizliğin azaltılabilmesi söz konusu olabilmektedir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre entegrasyon politikalarına uyum göç politikalarında yatırımlara en fazla etki eden faktör olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulanık DEMATEL yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilen analize göre bu faktör 0.1743 önem ağırlığına sahiptir. Uluslararası diplomatik başarılar ve ilişkiler ise 0.1725 önem ağırlığı ile ikinci sırayı almaktadır. Artan potansiyel işgücü ise 0.1677 önem ağırlığı ile en önemli üçüncü faktör olarak tespit edilmektedir. Belirtilen bu sonuçlar dikkate alındığında, entegrasyon politikalarına uyum konusuna daha fazla önem gösterilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. İyi tasarlanmış entegrasyon stratejileri, göçmenlerin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yaşama başarılı bir şekilde katılımını teşvik etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, öncelikli olarak, eğitim ve dil yönetimi konusuna dikkat edilmelidir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için göçmenler için erişilebilir ve uygun maliyetli dil eğitimi programları sunulmalıdır. Göçmen çocuklar için okullarda ek destek programları sunulması da bu sürece ciddi anlamda destek olabilecek başka bir husustur. Öte yandan, göçmenlerin yerel işgücü piyasasına entegrasyonunu kolaylaştırmak için mesleki eğitim programları sunulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç Politikaları
• Yatırım Kararları
• Bulanık Dematel
• Sosyal Entegrasyon

Kaynakça

1. Adamson, F. B. (2024). Entangled migration states: mobility and state-building in France and Algeria. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 597-616.
2. Adamson, F. B., Chung, E. A., & Hollifield, J. F. (2024). Rethinking the migration state: historicising, decolonising, and disaggregating. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 559-577.
3. Aeran Chung, E., Draudt, D., & Tian, Y. (2024). The developmental migration state. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 637-656.
4. Aysan, A. F., Yüksel, S., Eti, S., Dinçer, H., Akin, M. S., Kalkavan, H., & Mikhaylov, A. (2024). A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and fuzzy artificial intelligence model for electric vehicle demand analysis. Decision Analytics Journal, 11, 100455.
5. Bozheva, A. M. (2024). Policy Diffusion and Regionalization of Immigration: Canada’s International Student Migration Policy Landscape. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 1-33.
6. Breidahl, K. N., Brodkin, E. Z., & Miaz, J. (2024). The global challenge of mass migration and asylum: Comparative analysis of street-level organizations at the front lines. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 26(1), 1-9.
7. Brumat, L., & Vera Espinoza, M. (2024). Actors, ideas, and international influence: Understanding migration policy change in South America. International Migration Review, 58(1), 319-346.
8. Chen, Z., Yi, W., Nallanathan, A., & Chambers, J. (2024). Distributed digital twin migration in multi-tier computing systems. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

9. Cheng, Y. E., Yang, P., Lee, J., Waters, J., & Yeoh, B. S. (2024). Migration governance and higher education during a pandemic: Policy (mis) alignments and international postgraduate students’ experiences in Singapore and the UK. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(5), 1138-1156.
10. Cheung, J., & Scheyer, V. (2024). Feminist foreign policy and global (health) care work migration: Addressing the invisibility of colonial gaps in feminist policy making. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 1-25.
11. Czaika, M., Bohnet, H., & Zardo, F. (2024). Categorical and spatial interlinkages within the European migration policy mix. European Union Politics, 25(1), 173-196.
12. Darling, J. (2024). Governing through partnership: Strategic migration partnerships and the politics of enrolment and ambivalence. Political Geography, 108, 103041.
13. Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., Eti, S., Gökalp, Y., Mikhaylov, A., & Karpyn, Z. (2024). Effective waste management in service industry: Fuzzy-based modelling approach for strategic decision-making. Waste Management & Research, 0734242X241242682.
14. Engberg‐Pedersen, L., Vammen, I. M. S., & Lucht, H. (2024). Can European foreign aid motivate people to stay in Africa? The root causes policy debate and irregular migration. Development Policy Review, e12761.
15. Eti, S., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., Kalkavan, H., Hacioglu, U., Mikhaylov, A., ... & Pinter, G. (2024). Assessment of technical and financial challenges for renewable energy project alternatives. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 18, 100719.
16. Ferdous, J., & Khan, N. A. (2024). Re-imagining Migration and Security. In Governance, Migration and Security in International Relations (pp. 73-88). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
17. Fetais, A., Dincer, H., Yüksel, S., & Aysan, A. (2024). Analysis of sustainable investment policies for housing demand in Qatar via hybrid quantum fuzzy decision-making model. Kybernetes.
18. Fink, S. (2024). Party politics and the shaping of migration policy in the Council of Ministers. European Policy Analysis.
19. Heck, G., & Habersky, E. (2024). Externalising Migration Controls through Development Programs in Egypt. Geopolitics, 1-24.
20. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, P. (2024). The quiet politics of migration supranationalization–Commission entrepreneurship and the intra-Corporate Transferee Directive. Journal of European Integration, 1-22.
21. Joppke, C. (2024). From asylum to labour: track change in German migration policy. West European Politics, 47(4), 813-839.
22. Joppke, C. (2024). Neoliberal nationalism and immigration policy. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-20.
23. Kilkey, M., & Baldassar, L. (2024). Conditioning grandparent care-labour mobility at the care-migration systems nexus: Australia and the UK. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(5), 1157-1176.
24. Klotz, A. (2024). Imperial migration states. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 578-596.
25. Kou, G., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2024). Pattern recognition of financial innovation life cycle for renewable energy investments with integer code series and multiple technology S-curves based on Q-ROF DEMATEL. Financial Innovation, 10(1), 53.
26. Lavenex, S., Lutz, P., & Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, P. (2024). Migration governance through trade agreements: insights from the MITA dataset. The Review of International Organizations, 19(1), 147-173.
27. Liargovas, P., & Papageorgiou, C. (2024). Migration Policy: Historical Progress, Current Status and Future Directions. The European Integration, Vol. 2: Institutions and Policies, 429-455.
28. Lill, A. C., Schneider, J., & Schneider, S. (2024). Conflict Dynamics in the Long Summer of Migration: The Example of Frankfurt/Main. In Refuge: Social Science Debates (pp. 75-94). Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
29. Mucha, Z. (2024). Dichotomous rhetoric and purposeful silencing: Contradictions of Czech and Polish post-2015 migration policy vis-à-vis immigration from South Asia. New Perspectives, 2336825X241230834.
30. Murzakulova, A., Kuznetsova, I., & Mogilevskii, R. (2024). Has immobility been left behind in migration regulatory infrastructures?. International Migration, 62(1), 23-36.
31. Nash, S. L. (2024). Climate Protection for Migration Prevention: Comparison of Policy Discourses on Climate Change and Migration in Austria, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 1-29.
32. Natter, K. (2024). The il/liberal paradox: conceptualising immigration policy trade-offs across the democracy/autocracy divide. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 680-701.
33. Olarinde, O., Raghuram, P., Badasu, D., & Yogo, G. (2024). African women migration researchers and the question of reflexivity. Gender, Place & Culture, 1-21.
34. Pettrachin, A. (2024). The politics of multi-level migration policymaking: a network-centred perspective. Policy Studies, 45(1), 89-112.
35. Qin, W., Chen, H., Wang, L., Xia, Y., Nascita, A., & Pescapè, A. (2024). MCOTM: Mobility-aware computation offloading and task migration for edge computing in industrial IoT. Future Generation Computer Systems, 151, 232-241.
36. Ramos, R. (2024). Modelling migration. In The econometrics of multi-dimensional panels: theory and applications (pp. 455-478). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
37. Rizqiyanto, N., Dinata, S., Wedi, A., & Agustin, S. W. (2024). Human Trafficking in the Era of Global Migration: Unraveling the Impact of Neoliberal Economic Policy: by Sarah Hupp Williamson, Bristol, UK, Bristol University Press, 2022, 166 pp., $48.95 (ebook), ISBN 978-1-5292-1465-9.
38. Roos, C., Trauner, F., & Adam, I. (2024). Bureaucratic migration politics in West Africa: Opportunities and dependencies created by EU funding. International Migration Review, 58(1), 296-318.
39. Sadiq, K., & Tsourapas, G. (2024). Labour coercion and commodification: from the British Empire to postcolonial migration states. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 617-636.
40. Schewel, K., Dickerson, S., Madson, B., & Nagle Alverio, G. (2024). How well can we predict climate migration? A review of forecasting models. Frontiers in Climate, 5, 1189125.
41. Singh, K., Singla, N., & Singh, N. (2024). Destigmatizing Indian Punjab from irregular migration: Key public policy options. GeoJournal, 89(1), 7.
42. Tagliacozzo, S., Pisacane, L., & Kilkey, M. (2024). A system-thinking approach for migration studies: an introduction. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(5), 1099-1117.
43. Triadafilopoulos, T., & Taylor, Z. (2024). The domestic politics of selective permeability: disaggregating the Canadian migration state. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(3), 702-725.
44. Van Haren, I., & Masferrer, C. (2024). Visitor visa policy changes and Mexico-Canada migration. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 22(1), 22-36.
45. Zhelyazkova, A. (2024). Do EU policies constrain government autonomy? Insights from the implementation of EU migration policies. West European Politics, 47(3), 595-618.