Konuşma Çözümlemesi Yöntemi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 1 - 43, 07.12.2015

Olcay Sert Ufuk Balaman Nilüfer Can Daşkın , Safinaz Büyükgüzel Hatice Ergül

Öz

Bu makale, sosyal bilimlerin bir çok alanında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan Konuşma Çözümlemesi (KÇ) yöntemini ve bazı çalışma alanlarını tanıtmaktadır. KÇ yöntemi, etkileşime getirdiği mikro-analitik ve dizisel bakış açısı ile toplumbilim, insanbilim, ruhbilim, (uygulamalı) dilbilim gibi disiplinler içerisinde kendisine önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Bu disiplinler arası bağ, KÇ yönteminin toplumsal etkileşimin olduğu her alanda kullanılabilmesini sağlamış; sınıf etkileşimi, hasta-doktor etkileşimi, mahkeme konuşmaları gibi bir çok araştırma konusunun oluşumunda önemli rol oynamıştır. Makalenin ana amacı, kapsamlı bir derleme ile KÇ’nin ilkelerini, veri toplama süreçlerini, dizi düzeni ve onarım gibi çözümleme ulamlarını tanıtmaktır. İkinci amaç ise, ses ve görüntü verisinden elde edilmiş Türkçe doğal konuşma örneklerinin çözümlemelerini  kullanarak, KÇ’nin uygulamalarını mikro-analitik ve dizisel olarak göstermektir. Bu çözümlemeler, günlük konuşmaların dinamiklerinin ortaya çıkarılmasına ek olarak, KÇ yönteminin Türkiye’de hasta-doktor etkileşimi, dil sınıflarındaki etkileşim ve öğretmen yetiştirme gibi alanlara önemli katkı sağlama potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Budunyöntembilimsel KÇ’nin Türkçe terimlerini belirleyecek bu kapsamlı derleme çalışması, Türkiye’de genel olarak toplum bilimleri alanında çalışan araştırmacılara yeni araştırma alanları açmayı, alanda yöntemsel bir değişim ve gelişime yön vermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Konuşma Çözümlemesi, etkileşimde konuşma, dizisel düzen, uygulamalı dilbilim, mesleki etkileşim

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konuşma Çözümlemesi, etkileşimde konuşma, dizisel düzen, uygulamalı dilbilim, mesleki etkileşim

Kaynakça

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• Çevriyazı Simgeleri ve Anlamları (Jefferson’a [2004] dayanarak hazırlanmıştır.) Simge Adı Anlamı [ ] Örtüşme
• Örtüşmenin başlangıç [ ve bitiş ] noktalarını belirtir. = Mandallama
• Sözcenin boşluk bırakmadan bir önceki sözceyi
• takip etmesini belirtir. (.) Anlık duraklama
• 2 saniye ve altındaki anlık duraklamaları belirtir.
• Parantez içerisinde nokta yerine sayı belirtilmesiyle
• de duraklamanın tam olarak uzunluğu ifade edilir. . ↓ Düşen tonlama
• Tonlamanın ya da sesin düşüşünü belirtir. ? ↑ Yükselen tonlama
• Tonlamanın ya da sesin yükselişini belirtir. - Kesme
• Konuşmanın ani bir şekilde kesilmesini belirtir. > < Hızlı konuşma
• Büyüktür simgesi ile küçüktür simgesi arasındaki
• çeviriler konuşmanın normalden daha hızlı
• gerçekleştiğini belirtir. < > Yavaş konuşma
• Küçüktür simgesi ile büyüktür simgesi arasındaki
• çeviriler konuşmanın normalden daha yavaş
• gerçekleştiğini belirtir. ° ° Düşük ses
• Derece simgeleri arasında çevrilen konuşmalar
• yumuşak, kısık veya düşük bir ses kullanıldığını belirtir. ABC Yüksek ses
• Büyük harflerle çevrilen konuşma bölümleri
• normalden oldukça yüksek bir ses kullanıldığını belirtir. abc Vurgu
• Çevirinin altı çizili bölümleri konuşmada vurgu
• yapılan bölümleri belirtir. ::: Uzatma
• Her bir iki nokta üst üste ilgili sesin 0.2 saniyelik
• uzatılmasını belirtir. hhh Nefes verme
• h harfleri duyulabilir nefes verme sesini belirtir ve
• sesin devam ettiği oranda harf sayısı artabilir. .hh Nefes alma
• Noktayı takip eden h harfi duyulabilir nefes alma
• sesini belirtir ve sesin devam ettiği oranda harf sayısı artabilir. ( ) Anlaşılması konuşma anlayamadığı içerisinde belirtilir. bölümleri parantez (( )) Çevriyazı yorumları oluşturan kişinin yorum eklemesini gerektiren konuşma bölümlerini belirtir. SÖZLÜKÇE
• Türkçeleştirilmiş Konuşma Çözümlemesi Terimleri (alfabetik olarak
• sıralanmıştır.) Özgün Adı Türkçesi Özgün Adı Türkçesi social action sosyal eylem intersubjectivity öznelerarasılık
• social interaction sosyal etkileşim
• known-information question sorusu task-oriented görev-odaklı
• learning behavior tracking takibi repair konum onarımı markedness belirtisellik token işaret marker belirtici transcription çevriyazı meaning-and-fluency
• anlam-ve-akıcılık transition
• relevance place nokta (GUN)
• *CA-for-SLA (conversation analysis for second language acquisition
• **KÇ-İDE (ikinci dil ediniminde konuşma çözümlemesi)